2023 marks the 50th anniversary of legal regulation of acupuncture in the United States,as the first acupuncture law was enacted in Nevada.Acupuncture,like any other medical modality,is regulated at the state level,wi...2023 marks the 50th anniversary of legal regulation of acupuncture in the United States,as the first acupuncture law was enacted in Nevada.Acupuncture,like any other medical modality,is regulated at the state level,with each state formulating and enforcing its own laws and statutes over time.This article narrates the legislative process and major developments of the acupuncture profession in Minnesota,in the context of legislative developments across the country.It tells how this midsize,Midwest state’s acupuncture profession became regulated,and examines the challenges faced by the profession before and after state statutes were enacted.Minnesota stands as a representative example of the legislative process in other states.展开更多
This paper develops a game-theory model for predatory pricing via in-depth analyses of three case studies:Brooke Group Ltd.v.Brown&Williamson Tobacco Corp.,Matsushita Electric Industries Co.v.Zenith Radio Corporat...This paper develops a game-theory model for predatory pricing via in-depth analyses of three case studies:Brooke Group Ltd.v.Brown&Williamson Tobacco Corp.,Matsushita Electric Industries Co.v.Zenith Radio Corporation,and AKZO Chemie BV v.Commission of the European Communities.This model is based on subsequent action game theory models and rational economics behavior,offering a chronological outline of the“predation”stages.It presents the predator’s decisions,the prey’s potential responses,possible loops,and the two distinctive outcomes.The analysis of the model in context of the three case studies demonstrates its practicality in assessing real-life predatory pricing scenarios and players’strategies.It’s flexibility also allows applications in related fields.Overall,this paper offers a comprehensive framework that bridges the gap between law,economics,and game theory in the study of predatory pricing,informing future research in this area.展开更多
目的探讨“新医科”背景下基于成功导向教育(outcome based education,OBE)理念的麻醉学研究生课程思政体系建设与实践。方法选取2018年6月—2022年6月佳木斯大学附属第一医院麻醉学研究生94名为研究对象,根据时间点分为对照组(n=47名,2...目的探讨“新医科”背景下基于成功导向教育(outcome based education,OBE)理念的麻醉学研究生课程思政体系建设与实践。方法选取2018年6月—2022年6月佳木斯大学附属第一医院麻醉学研究生94名为研究对象,根据时间点分为对照组(n=47名,2018年6月—2020年5月末)和观察组(n=47名,2020年6月—2022年6月末)。对照组采用传统方法教学,观察组采用“新医科”背景下基于OBE理念构建的研究生课程思政体系进行教学,比较2组学生的麻醉实践能力、考核量化成绩及满意度。结果观察组实践3个月后在病史采集(8.12±0.88)分、麻醉方法(8.21±0.79)分、沟通能力(8.17±0.83)分、麻醉判断(7.95±0.72)分、操作能力(7.99±0.78)分、人文关怀(8.05±0.74)分等方面的评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组实践3个月后麻醉理论考核(26.52±4.31)分、麻醉技能考核(27.49±3.98)分及平时实践评分(35.68±4.31)分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组实践3个月后对教学方法、麻醉思维拓展、团队意识增加、麻醉技能提升、课题交流增多以及是否继续使用该方法教学等方面的满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“新医科”背景下基于OBE理念成功构建麻醉学研究生课程思政体系,用于研究生教学中有助于提升学生的临床实践能力和考核水平,可获得较高的满意度。展开更多
文摘2023 marks the 50th anniversary of legal regulation of acupuncture in the United States,as the first acupuncture law was enacted in Nevada.Acupuncture,like any other medical modality,is regulated at the state level,with each state formulating and enforcing its own laws and statutes over time.This article narrates the legislative process and major developments of the acupuncture profession in Minnesota,in the context of legislative developments across the country.It tells how this midsize,Midwest state’s acupuncture profession became regulated,and examines the challenges faced by the profession before and after state statutes were enacted.Minnesota stands as a representative example of the legislative process in other states.
文摘This paper develops a game-theory model for predatory pricing via in-depth analyses of three case studies:Brooke Group Ltd.v.Brown&Williamson Tobacco Corp.,Matsushita Electric Industries Co.v.Zenith Radio Corporation,and AKZO Chemie BV v.Commission of the European Communities.This model is based on subsequent action game theory models and rational economics behavior,offering a chronological outline of the“predation”stages.It presents the predator’s decisions,the prey’s potential responses,possible loops,and the two distinctive outcomes.The analysis of the model in context of the three case studies demonstrates its practicality in assessing real-life predatory pricing scenarios and players’strategies.It’s flexibility also allows applications in related fields.Overall,this paper offers a comprehensive framework that bridges the gap between law,economics,and game theory in the study of predatory pricing,informing future research in this area.
文摘目的探讨“新医科”背景下基于成功导向教育(outcome based education,OBE)理念的麻醉学研究生课程思政体系建设与实践。方法选取2018年6月—2022年6月佳木斯大学附属第一医院麻醉学研究生94名为研究对象,根据时间点分为对照组(n=47名,2018年6月—2020年5月末)和观察组(n=47名,2020年6月—2022年6月末)。对照组采用传统方法教学,观察组采用“新医科”背景下基于OBE理念构建的研究生课程思政体系进行教学,比较2组学生的麻醉实践能力、考核量化成绩及满意度。结果观察组实践3个月后在病史采集(8.12±0.88)分、麻醉方法(8.21±0.79)分、沟通能力(8.17±0.83)分、麻醉判断(7.95±0.72)分、操作能力(7.99±0.78)分、人文关怀(8.05±0.74)分等方面的评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组实践3个月后麻醉理论考核(26.52±4.31)分、麻醉技能考核(27.49±3.98)分及平时实践评分(35.68±4.31)分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组实践3个月后对教学方法、麻醉思维拓展、团队意识增加、麻醉技能提升、课题交流增多以及是否继续使用该方法教学等方面的满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“新医科”背景下基于OBE理念成功构建麻醉学研究生课程思政体系,用于研究生教学中有助于提升学生的临床实践能力和考核水平,可获得较高的满意度。
