Use of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and combined solutions as scolicidal agents on hydatid cysts (in vitro study)

AIM： TO establish which scolicidal agents are superior and more suitable for regular use. METHODS： Echinococcus granu/osus protoscoleces were obtained from 25 patients with liver hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of albendazole sulfone, albendazole sulfoxide, and albendazole sulfone and albendazole sulfoxide mixed together in concentrations of 50 μg/mL, and H202 in a concentration of 4%, NaCI 20%, and 1.5% cetrimide-0.15% chlorhexidine （10% Savlon-Turkey） were used to determine the scolicidal effects. Albendazole （ABZ） derivatives and other scolicidal agents were applied to a minimum of 100 scoleces for 5 and 10 min. The degree of viability was calculated according to the number of living scolices per field from a total of 100 scolices observed under the microscope. RESULTS： After 5 min, ABZ sulfone was 97.3% effective, ABZ sulfoxide was 98.4% effective, and the combined solution was 98.6% effective. When sulfone, sulfoxide and the combined solutions were compared, the combined solution seemed more effective than sulfone. However, there was no difference when the combined solution was compared with sulfoxide. After 10 min, hypertonic salt water, sulfone, sulfoxide, and the combined solution compared to other solutions looked more effective and this was statistically significant on an advanced level. When sulfone, sulfoxide, and the combined solutions were compared with each other, the combined solution appeared more effective than sulfone. When the combined solution was compared with sulfoxide, there was no difference. CONCLUSION： Despite being active, ABZ metabolites did not provide a marked advantage over 20% hypertonic saline. According to these results, we think creating a newly improved and more active preparation is necessary for hydatid cyst treatment.

In vitro scolicidal effect of Satureja khuzistanica(Jamzad)essential oil

Objective:To investigate the scolicidal effect of the Satureja khuzistanica(S.khusistanica) essential oil from aerial parts of this herbal plant.Methods:The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method.Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil.Protoscolices were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst.Protoscolices were exposed to various concentrations of the oil(3,5 and 10 mg/mL) for 10,20,30,and 60 min.Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1%eosin staining.Results:A total of 19 compounds representing 97.6%of the total oil,were identified.Carvacrol(94.9%) was found to be the major essential oil constituent.Scolicidal activity of S.khuzistanica essential oil at concentration of 3 mg/mL was 28.58,32.71,37.20 and 42.02%,respectively.This essential oil at concentration of 5 mg/ mL killed 51.33,66.68,81.12,and 100%.of protoscolices after 10,20,30 and 60 min,respectively. One hundred scolicidal effect was observed with S.khuzistanica essenlial oil at the concentration of 10 mg/mL after 10 min(comparing with 7.19%for control group).Conclusions:The essenlial oil of S.khuzistanica is rich in carvacrol and may be used as a natural scolicidal agent.

Sumac (<i>Rhus coriaria</i>L.): Scolicidal Activity on Hydatid Cyst Protoscolices

Background: Few anthelmintics are available for the treatment of hydatid disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The appearance of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics and the adverse side effects of chemical drugs, stimulated the research of alternatives, such as medicinal plants. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of methanolic extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria) was investigated. Methods: Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. Three concentrations of sumac extract (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) were used for 10, 20 and 30 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Results: While the rate of dead protoscolices was 16.93% in the ontrol group, when protoscolices were exposed to sumac extract at the concentration of 10 mg/mL , the rate of dead protoscolices increased to 94.13%, 97.67% and 100% after 10, 20 and 30 minutes, respectively. The mortality rate of protoscolices increased to 98.89%, and 100% when they were exposed to 30 mg/mL concentration of sumac extract for 10 and 20 minutes respectively. One hundred percent mortality rate was observed at concentration of 50 mg/mL after 10 min of exposure. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that methanolic extract of R.coriaria may be considered as an effective natural scolicidal agent.