Ectomycorrhizal(EM)networks provide a variety of services to plants and ecosystems include nutrient uptake and transfer,seedling survival,internal cycling of nutrients,plant competition,and so on.To deeply their struc...Ectomycorrhizal(EM)networks provide a variety of services to plants and ecosystems include nutrient uptake and transfer,seedling survival,internal cycling of nutrients,plant competition,and so on.To deeply their structure and function in ecosystems,we investigated the spatial patterns and nitrogen(N)transfer of EM networks usingN labelling technique in a Mongolian scotch pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.)plantation in Northeastern China.In August 2011,four plots(20 × 20 m)were set up in the plantation.125 ml 5 at.%0.15 mol/LNHNOsolution was injected into soil at the center of each plot.Before and 2,6,30 and 215 days after theN application,needles(current year)of each pine were sampled along four 12 m sampling lines.Needle total N andN concentrations were analyzed.We observed needle N andN concentrations increased significantly over time afterN application,up to 31 and0.42%,respectively.There was no correlation between needle N concentration andN/N ratio(R2=0.40,n=5,P=0.156),while excess needle N concentration and excess needleN/N ratio were positively correlated across different time intervals(R~2=0.89,n=4,P\0.05),but deceased with time interval lengthening.NeedleN/N ratio increased with time,but it was not correlated with distance.NeedleN/N ratio was negative with distance before and 6th day and 30th day,positive with distance at 2nd day,but the trend was considerably weaker,their slop were close to zero.These results demonstrated that EM networks were ubiquitous and uniformly distributed in the Mongolian scotch pine plantation and a random network.We found N transfer efficiency was very high,absorbed N by EM network was transferred as wide as possible,we observed N uptake of plant had strong bias forN andN,namely N fractionation.Understanding the structure and function of EM networks in ecosystems may lead to a deeper understanding of ecological stability and evolution,and thus provide new theoretical approaches to improve conservation practices for the management of the Earth’s ecosystems.展开更多
According to the data of wood analysis and biomass invcstigation, wc analyse the relationship among scotch pine stock, the growth of volume and its density, thc relationship between bio-productivity and its density as...According to the data of wood analysis and biomass invcstigation, wc analyse the relationship among scotch pine stock, the growth of volume and its density, thc relationship between bio-productivity and its density as well as the law of the distribution of biomass of various organs of the scotch pine. The conclusions showcd that the stock, volume, growth, bio produetivity and its density were interrclated closely. The appropriate density was 620--820 individuls / hm2 of mid-aged trees. The distributions of biomass on various organs werc different at different age stage. This paper gave the evidence to value artificial scotch pine, its structures and functions.展开更多
This study was performed to determine the effects of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on the combustion properties of Scotch pine. For this purpose, test samples prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylv...This study was performed to determine the effects of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on the combustion properties of Scotch pine. For this purpose, test samples prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) wood were impregnated according to ASTM-D 1413-99 standard with boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx) by vacuum technique. After impregnation, surfaces were coated by cellulosic (Cv), synthetic (Sn), polyurathane (Pu), waterborne (Wb), acrylic (Ac) and acid hardening (Ah) varnishes in accordance with ASTM D-3023 standard and then, combustion temperature was determined. According to material and process type, combustion temperature was the highest in Bx and Wb in flame source combustion (FSC), the lowest in Ba and Ac without flame source combustion (WFSC). According to combustion type, impregnation material and varnish type, combustion temperature was the highest in FSC, borax and cellulosic varnish combination and the lowest in WFSC, boric acid and acid hardening varnish combination. In conclusion, impregnation materials decrease while varnishes increase the combustion temperature of Scotch pine wood.展开更多
The comparative result shows that the physical and mechanical properties of wood between white wood of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.) and Mangolian scotch pine (Pinus cylvesthe var. mongolica) are differ...The comparative result shows that the physical and mechanical properties of wood between white wood of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.) and Mangolian scotch pine (Pinus cylvesthe var. mongolica) are different Some differences are very conspicuous,(e. g. compressivc strength parallel to grain, modulus of elasticity in static bending, toughness and bending strength etc. ),and others are slightly conSPicuous or not conspicuous,(e.g. shrinkage, differential shrinkage and shearing strength parallel to grain etc.). The properties of white wood of Dahurian larch are suitable weight and soft texture, median strength,median shrinkage and good in worability, while which of Mongolian scotch pine are light and soft nearly very soft,weak strength, median shrinkage are good in workability. However, the white wood of Dahuran larch is superior to the Mongolian scotch pine in Strength-to-weight ratio.It is a valuable timber tree.展开更多
The chloropyll Contents of healthy tree’s’ needles and rusted tree’s needles were measured. The results showed that one-year-old needles in different infection grade had no big differences in the chlorophyll conten...The chloropyll Contents of healthy tree’s’ needles and rusted tree’s needles were measured. The results showed that one-year-old needles in different infection grade had no big differences in the chlorophyll contents. The total chlorophyll contents of two-year-old needles in grad III-IV showed an increasing tendency, while it decreased grade V. The total chlorophyll contens of 3year-old needles in different infection-grades declined with the increase of infection grades. The total chlorophyll content of healthy needles shows an increasing tendency in infection grade II andIV,Which corresponds to the change taldency of two-year-old needles.展开更多
采用电阻抗图谱(EIS)法和电导(EL)法对不同发育时期的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)茎和针叶进行了抗寒性测定,试图通过比较两种方法测定抗寒性结果的相关性,找到适合冷冻处理后樟子松抗寒性测定和不经冷冻处理估...采用电阻抗图谱(EIS)法和电导(EL)法对不同发育时期的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)茎和针叶进行了抗寒性测定,试图通过比较两种方法测定抗寒性结果的相关性,找到适合冷冻处理后樟子松抗寒性测定和不经冷冻处理估测抗寒性的EIS参数,完善EIS法测定抗寒性。以8年生樟子松苗为试材,在抗寒锻炼阶段(10月份)和脱锻炼阶段(3月份)分别取样进行EIS和EL测定。结果表明,EIS法胞外电阻率(re)与EL法测定的樟子松抗寒性相关性较高(R2=0.97),但比EL法求出的抗寒性高。针叶的细胞膜时间恒量(τm)和茎的弛豫时间(τ1)随冷冻温度变化与re表现相似的S曲线,相关分析表明,re(茎和针叶)与τ1(茎)和τm(针叶)的变化有较好的相关性(R2=0.74～0.84)。经Logistic方程拟合,EIS的τm(针叶)和τ1(茎)法与EIS(re)法、EL法测定的樟子松抗寒性相关性也较高(R2=0.88～0.91),说明针叶τm和茎τ1也可以作为计算抗寒性的参数。另外,8年生樟子松两个发育时期(10月和3月份)未经冷冻的针叶τm与茎的τ2随抗寒性的增强而显著增加,表明不经过冷冻处理样本用τ2(茎)和τm(针叶)估计樟子松抗寒性是很有前途的方法。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30830024)
文摘Ectomycorrhizal(EM)networks provide a variety of services to plants and ecosystems include nutrient uptake and transfer,seedling survival,internal cycling of nutrients,plant competition,and so on.To deeply their structure and function in ecosystems,we investigated the spatial patterns and nitrogen(N)transfer of EM networks usingN labelling technique in a Mongolian scotch pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.)plantation in Northeastern China.In August 2011,four plots(20 × 20 m)were set up in the plantation.125 ml 5 at.%0.15 mol/LNHNOsolution was injected into soil at the center of each plot.Before and 2,6,30 and 215 days after theN application,needles(current year)of each pine were sampled along four 12 m sampling lines.Needle total N andN concentrations were analyzed.We observed needle N andN concentrations increased significantly over time afterN application,up to 31 and0.42%,respectively.There was no correlation between needle N concentration andN/N ratio(R2=0.40,n=5,P=0.156),while excess needle N concentration and excess needleN/N ratio were positively correlated across different time intervals(R~2=0.89,n=4,P\0.05),but deceased with time interval lengthening.NeedleN/N ratio increased with time,but it was not correlated with distance.NeedleN/N ratio was negative with distance before and 6th day and 30th day,positive with distance at 2nd day,but the trend was considerably weaker,their slop were close to zero.These results demonstrated that EM networks were ubiquitous and uniformly distributed in the Mongolian scotch pine plantation and a random network.We found N transfer efficiency was very high,absorbed N by EM network was transferred as wide as possible,we observed N uptake of plant had strong bias forN andN,namely N fractionation.Understanding the structure and function of EM networks in ecosystems may lead to a deeper understanding of ecological stability and evolution,and thus provide new theoretical approaches to improve conservation practices for the management of the Earth’s ecosystems.
文摘According to the data of wood analysis and biomass invcstigation, wc analyse the relationship among scotch pine stock, the growth of volume and its density, thc relationship between bio-productivity and its density as well as the law of the distribution of biomass of various organs of the scotch pine. The conclusions showcd that the stock, volume, growth, bio produetivity and its density were interrclated closely. The appropriate density was 620--820 individuls / hm2 of mid-aged trees. The distributions of biomass on various organs werc different at different age stage. This paper gave the evidence to value artificial scotch pine, its structures and functions.
文摘This study was performed to determine the effects of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on the combustion properties of Scotch pine. For this purpose, test samples prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) wood were impregnated according to ASTM-D 1413-99 standard with boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx) by vacuum technique. After impregnation, surfaces were coated by cellulosic (Cv), synthetic (Sn), polyurathane (Pu), waterborne (Wb), acrylic (Ac) and acid hardening (Ah) varnishes in accordance with ASTM D-3023 standard and then, combustion temperature was determined. According to material and process type, combustion temperature was the highest in Bx and Wb in flame source combustion (FSC), the lowest in Ba and Ac without flame source combustion (WFSC). According to combustion type, impregnation material and varnish type, combustion temperature was the highest in FSC, borax and cellulosic varnish combination and the lowest in WFSC, boric acid and acid hardening varnish combination. In conclusion, impregnation materials decrease while varnishes increase the combustion temperature of Scotch pine wood.
文摘The comparative result shows that the physical and mechanical properties of wood between white wood of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.) and Mangolian scotch pine (Pinus cylvesthe var. mongolica) are different Some differences are very conspicuous,(e. g. compressivc strength parallel to grain, modulus of elasticity in static bending, toughness and bending strength etc. ),and others are slightly conSPicuous or not conspicuous,(e.g. shrinkage, differential shrinkage and shearing strength parallel to grain etc.). The properties of white wood of Dahurian larch are suitable weight and soft texture, median strength,median shrinkage and good in worability, while which of Mongolian scotch pine are light and soft nearly very soft,weak strength, median shrinkage are good in workability. However, the white wood of Dahuran larch is superior to the Mongolian scotch pine in Strength-to-weight ratio.It is a valuable timber tree.
文摘The chloropyll Contents of healthy tree’s’ needles and rusted tree’s needles were measured. The results showed that one-year-old needles in different infection grade had no big differences in the chlorophyll contents. The total chlorophyll contents of two-year-old needles in grad III-IV showed an increasing tendency, while it decreased grade V. The total chlorophyll contens of 3year-old needles in different infection-grades declined with the increase of infection grades. The total chlorophyll content of healthy needles shows an increasing tendency in infection grade II andIV,Which corresponds to the change taldency of two-year-old needles.
文摘采用电阻抗图谱(EIS)法和电导(EL)法对不同发育时期的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)茎和针叶进行了抗寒性测定,试图通过比较两种方法测定抗寒性结果的相关性,找到适合冷冻处理后樟子松抗寒性测定和不经冷冻处理估测抗寒性的EIS参数,完善EIS法测定抗寒性。以8年生樟子松苗为试材,在抗寒锻炼阶段(10月份)和脱锻炼阶段(3月份)分别取样进行EIS和EL测定。结果表明,EIS法胞外电阻率(re)与EL法测定的樟子松抗寒性相关性较高(R2=0.97),但比EL法求出的抗寒性高。针叶的细胞膜时间恒量(τm)和茎的弛豫时间(τ1)随冷冻温度变化与re表现相似的S曲线,相关分析表明,re(茎和针叶)与τ1(茎)和τm(针叶)的变化有较好的相关性(R2=0.74～0.84)。经Logistic方程拟合,EIS的τm(针叶)和τ1(茎)法与EIS(re)法、EL法测定的樟子松抗寒性相关性也较高(R2=0.88～0.91),说明针叶τm和茎τ1也可以作为计算抗寒性的参数。另外,8年生樟子松两个发育时期(10月和3月份)未经冷冻的针叶τm与茎的τ2随抗寒性的增强而显著增加,表明不经过冷冻处理样本用τ2(茎)和τm(针叶)估计樟子松抗寒性是很有前途的方法。
