A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children

Purpose:The aim of this mixed-studies systematic review was to ascertain the effectiveness of school-based interventions in increasing physical activity(PA) and/or reducing sedentary time(ST) in children aged 5-11 years,as well as to explore their effectiveness in relation to categories of the theory of expanded,extended,and enhanced opportunity(TEO).Methods:Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines,5 databases were searched using predefined search terms.Following title and abstract screening of 1115 records,the removal of duplicates(n=584) and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria agreed to a priori(n=419) resulted in 112 records that were full-text screened.Two independent reviewers subsequently used the mixed-methods appraisal tool to assess the methodological quality of 57 full-text studies that met the inclusion criteria after full-text screening.The interventions were summarised using the TIDierR checklist and TEO.The strength of evidence was determined using a 5-level rating system utilising a published decision tree.Results:Overall evidence ratings for interventions implemented within school settings were:no evidence of effects on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and inconclusive evidence of effects on sedentary time.In relation to the TEO,expansion of PA appeared to be the most promising intervention type for MVPA,with moderate evidence of effect,whereas extension and enhancement of PA opportunity demonstrated no evidence of effect.A critical issue of possible compensatory behavior was identified by analysis of intervention effect in relation to PA measurement duration;when studies measured changes in PA during the actual intervention,there was moderate evidence of effect,whereas those that measured changes in PA during the school day presented inconclusive evidence of effect,and those that measured changes in PA over a whole day yielded no evidence of effect.Two meta-analyses of those studies using a whole-day accelerometer measure for MVPA or ST showed a significant but moderate effect for MVPA(effect size=0.51;95% confidence interval(CI):0.02-0.99) and a large but nonsignificant effect for ST(effect size=1.15;95%CI:-1.03 to 3.33);both meta-analyses demonstrated low precision,considerable inconsistency,and high heterogeneity.Conclusion:The findings have important implications for future intervention research in terms of intervention design,implementation,and evaluation.

Associations of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese Adults:Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Objective This study aimed to determine the independent and joint associations of sedentary time(ST)and physical activity(PA) with metabolic syndrome(MetS) and its components among Chinese adults.Methods The study analyzed data from 4,865 adults aged ≥ 18 years who participated in the 2009 and2015 China Health and Nutrition Surveys(CHNS). Four types of leisure ST and three types of PA selfreported at baseline were collected. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the independent and joint associations of ST and PA with the odds of MetS or its components.Results For independent effects, higher levels of television time and total leisure ST was associated with higher MetS risk [odds ratio(OR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.1–1.6, P < 0.001;OR 1.4, 95% CI1.2–1.8, P < 0.001, respectively]. The MetS risk in the computer time > 7 hours/week(h/w) group was higher than that in the < 7 h/w group in(OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9). Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorousintensity physical activity(MVPA) and total PA were associated with a lower MetS risk(OR 0.7, 95% CI0.6–0.9, P < 0.001;OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7–0.9, P < 0.001, respectively). For the joint effects, compared with those reporting the lowest level of total leisure ST(< 14 h/w) and the most active tertile of MVPA(≥ 61.0 MET-h/w), participants reporting the most total leisure ST(≥ 35 h/w) and the lowest level of MVPA(0 MET-h/w) had the highest odds of MetS(OR 2.0;95% CI 1.4–2.7). Except for people reporting ST(14–21 h/w) within the most active tertile of MVPA, the associations in all other groups were significant.With the increase of TV time and decreased MVPA, the odds of MetS almost showed a curve acceleration.Conclusions MVPA and total PA have independent preventive effects, and sedentary behavior(mainly watching TV) has an unsafe effect on MetS and its components. Strengthening the participation of MVPA and combining the LPA to replace the TV-based ST to increase the total PA may be necessary to reduce the prevalence of MetS in Chinese adults.

Neighbourhood differences in objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and body mass index

Background: There is limited Canadian research examining whether directly measured physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) differ between neighbourhoods with different objectively measured socioeconomic (SES) and recreation (REC) environments. Purpose: To determine whether mean adult PA levels, sedentary time and BMIs were different across four neighbourhoods with contrasting SES and REC environments in Ottawa, Canada. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design to collect pilot data of objectively measured height, weight and PA (using accelerometry) and self-reported covariates in 113 adults (≥18 years). Four contrasting neighbourhoods (high REC/high SES, high REC/low SES, low REC/high SES, and low REC/low SES) were selected based on data collected as part of the Ottawa Neighbourhood Study. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to perform neighbourhood comparisons for PA, sedentary time and BMI, adjusting for age, sex and household income and possible interactions. Post-hoc comparisons using Tukey’s test were performed. Results: Significant neighbourhood-group effects were observed for light intensity PA and sedentary time. Post-hoc tests identified that the low REC/high SES neighbourhood had significantly more minutes of light PA than the low REC/low SES (Mdiff = 56.05 minutes·day, Tukey p = 0.01). Unadjusted BMI differed between the four neighbourhoods, but the differences were not significant after controlling for age, sex and household income. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that light PA and sedentary time differ between neighbourhoods of varying REC and SES environments after controlling for differences in age, sex and household income. Findings also suggest that other area-level factors may explain these neighbourhood differences.

Physical Activity,Sedentary Behavior,and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients:The MIDiab Study

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c))control status among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in China.A cross-sectional analysis of 9152 people with type 2 diabetes from the Multifactorial Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes(MIDiab)study was performed.Patients were grouped according to their self-reported MVPA time(low,<150 min·week−1;moderate,150 to<450 min·week−1;high,≥450 min·week−1)and SED time(low,<4 h·d–1;moderate,4 to<8 h·d–1;high,≥8 h·d–1).Participants who self-reported a history of CVD were identified as having a CVD risk.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD risk and multifactorial control status associated with MVPA time and SED time were estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression models,adjusting for China’s geographical region characteristics.The participants had a mean±standard deviation(SD)age of(60.87±8.44)years,44.5%were women,and 25.1%had CVD.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,an inverse association between high MVPA time and CVD risk that was independent of SED time was found,whereas this association was not observed in the moderate-MVPA group.A higher MVPA time was more likely to have a positive effect on the control of BMI.Compared with the reference group(i.e.,those with MVPA time≥450 min·week−1 and SED time<4 h·d–1),CVD risk was higher in the low-MVPA group:The OR associated with an SED time<4 h·d–1 was 1.270(95%CI,1.040–1.553)and that associated with an SED time≥8 h·d–1 was 1.499(95%CI,1.149–1.955).We found that a high MVPA time(i.e.,≥450 min·week−1)was associated with lower odds of CVD risk regardless of SED time among patients with T2DM.

Changes in physical activity,sedentary behavior,and self-reported cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

Background Physical activity(PA)and reductions in sedentary behavior(SED)may mitigate cancer-related cognitive impairment.The purpose of this study was to examine(a)the associations between changes in PA,SED,and cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic;and(b)clinical subgroups that moderate this association.Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered online to adult cancer survivors globally between July and November of 2020.This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey examining changes in self-reported PA and quality of life in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Self-reported Questionnaires assessed moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)using the modified Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire,cognitive function using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function(FACT-Cog)scale,and SED using the Domain-specific Sitting Time questionnaire.Cancer survivors were classified into no change in behavior,desirable change(i.e.,increase MVPA to meet PA guidelines or decrease SED by≥60 min/day),and undesirable change(i.e.,decrease MVPA to<150 min/week or increase SED by≥60 min/day).Analysis of covariance examined differences in FACT-Cog scores across the activity change categories.Planned contrasts compared differences in FACT-Cog scores between cancer survivors with(a)no meaningful change vs.any change,and(b)a desirable change vs.an undesirable change.Results There were no significant differences in FACT-Cog scores across activity-change categories in the full sample of cancer survivors(n=371;age=48.6±15.3 years(mean±SD)).However,cancer survivors who were diagnosed≥5 years ago(t(160)=–2.15,p=0.03)or who received treatment≥5 years ago(t(102)=–2.23,p=0.03)and who had a desirable change in activity reported better perceived cognitive abilities than those who had an undesirable change.Conclusion PA promotion efforts should consider reducing SED in addition to maintaining MVPA in long-term cancer survivors to mitigate cancer-related cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

“胡焕庸线”两侧高中生健康素养与静坐时长态势特征调查研究

背景目前“胡焕庸线”的学术价值已经延伸至其他相关学科,考虑到我国人口众多且分布差异较为明显的特点,本研究借鉴人口地理学的研究成果,旨在探索按照“胡焕庸线”的人口密度分布界定标准,深入研究了“胡焕庸线”两侧城乡高中生的健康素养和静坐时长的态势特征。目的调查分析“胡焕庸线”两侧东南半壁与西北半壁的城乡高中生健康素养与静坐时长的现状态势特征,为改善我国高中生的身心健康水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2019年1—3月对我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)在内的62所学校高一、高二学生进行健康素养与静坐时长的调研(统一提前邮寄配发健康素养调查问卷与静坐时间调查问卷各12400份)。采用多元线性回归模型分析方差膨胀系数,校正混杂因素后分析“胡焕庸线”两侧东南半壁与西北半壁高中生静坐时长的影响因素。结果最后纳入健康素养调查问卷9057份,其中东南半壁7489份(82.7%),西北半壁1568份(17.3%);纳入静坐时间调查问卷8031份,其中东南半壁6614份(82.4%),西北半壁1417份(17.6%)。东南半壁高中生健康素养评分、静坐时长均高于西北半壁(Z=-4.009、-9.198,P<0.001)。东南半壁年龄为17、18岁,女性,城乡,父亲学历为大专以下、大专,母亲学历为大专、本科,家庭年收入为1~万、5~万、8~万、>10万元,家庭人口数为1、3、7、9、≥10人的高中生健康素养评分均高于西北半壁(P<0.05);东南半壁年龄为15、16、18岁,男女,城乡,父亲学历为大专以下、大专,母亲学历为大专以下,家庭年收入为<1万、2.5~万、5~万、8~万、>10万元,家庭人口数为3、4、5、6人的高中生静坐时长均长于西北半壁(P<0.05)。多元线性回归模型分析结果显示,校正混杂因素后,东南半壁高中生静坐时长与家庭年收入(β=0.324)和母亲学历(β=0.644)均呈正相关,但与健康素养评分(β=-0.015)和父亲学历(β=-0.212)均呈负相关(P<0.05);标准化回归系数β比较,家庭年收入(0.164)>母亲学历(0.131)>父亲学历(-0.056)>健康素养评分(-0.050)。西北半壁高中生静坐时长与健康素养评分(β=0.017)、父亲学历(β=0.789)、母亲学历(β=0.540)均呈正相关(P<0.05);标准化回归系数β比较,父亲学历(0.163)>母亲学历(0.111)>健康素养评分(0.056)。结论东南半壁高中生健康素养评分、静坐时长均高于西北半壁。东南半壁高中生静坐时长与家庭年收入和母亲学历呈正相关,但与健康素养评分和父亲学历呈负相关;西北半壁高中生静坐时长与健康素养评分父母亲学历均呈正相关。家庭年收入对东南半壁高中生静坐时长影响的权重最高,父亲学历对西北半壁高中生静坐时长影响的权重最高。

青少年静态行为与抑郁症状的相关性研究

探究静态行为与青少年抑郁症状之间的关系,为改善和预防青少年抑郁提供相关理论依据。于2021年9—12月在上海、昆明、乌鲁木齐、宿州与长沙采取分层整群随机抽样抽取10327名12~17岁青少年进行静态行为调查与抑郁症状评估,采用卡方检验、逻辑回归分析探讨两者关系。结果显示:青少年抑郁总检出率为28.6%,其中抑郁症状、严重抑郁总检出率分别为19.5%、9.1%。高中生抑郁检出率高于初中,女生检出率高于男生。控制相关影响因素后,静态行为时长≥8h、视屏时间≥2h组的青少年抑郁症状检出率分别为静态行为时长<8h、视屏时间<2h组的1.302和1.348倍(P<0.01)。研究表明:静态行为尤其是视屏时间与青少年抑郁症状密切相关。应当重视静态行为对青少年身心健康造成的危害,通过设定合理的使用时间、鼓励参与户外活动、教育正确的使用习惯、家长监督和参与等措施限制静态行为和视屏时间,引导青少年正确使用电子设备,以减少和预防青少年抑郁症状的发生。

老年人久坐行为干预研究进展

研究目的梳理近20年老年人久坐行为干预的相关研究,分析老年人久坐行为测量工具、久坐行为干预策略以及久坐行为干预有效性,为我国老年人久坐行为干预的实施提供理论指导和借鉴。研究方法检索2002年1月-2022年12月Pubmed、web of knowledge、CINAHL、EMBASE、MEDLINE、psyclNFO、psyArticles、SPORTDisus 8个外文数据库,纳入研究33篇文献进行数据提取和分析。研究结果信息、目标设定、指导、自我监控以及行为反馈是老年人久坐行为干预中最常用的干预策略;MOST问卷和ActivPAL加速度计是老年人久坐行为测量所采用较为广泛且有效的主、客观测量工具;老年人久坐行为干预的有效性主要体现在老年人久坐总时间的减少、持续性久坐时间中断次数的增加以及久坐习惯的改善等方面。启示在未来的研究中,要合理的选取测量工具;确保干预策略有效落地;干预完成后,加大随访力度并延长随访期限,以确保干预效果的良好保持。

湖北省某高校大学新生屏幕静坐时间与血脂异常的相关性研究

目的探讨大学生屏幕静坐时间与血脂异常的关系,为青少年血脂异常防控提供依据。方法选取湖北省某高校2021年新入学大学生作为研究对象,于当年9~10月进行问卷调查和体检。通过问卷收集过去一年受访者平均每天的屏幕静坐时间,并通过体检获得被研究者身高、体重、血压等指标,检测血脂(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白)、血糖等生化指标。采用二元Logistic回归、限制性立方样条、亚组分析等方法分析静坐与血脂异常之间的关联。结果共纳入3383名大学生,平均屏幕静坐时间为(4.44±2.29)h/d,598例血脂异常,血脂异常患病率为17.68%,其中胆固醇升高、甘油三酯升高、低密度脂蛋白升高以及高密度脂蛋白降低的患病率分别为4.76%、3.72%、4.29%、7.06%。血脂异常人群平均屏幕静坐时间为(4.60±2.21)h/d,长于血脂正常人群平均屏幕静坐时间(4.41±2.30)h/d,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.062)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,在校正性别、年龄、BMI、高血压病史等相关因素后,大学生屏幕静坐时间与血脂异常呈正相关,以屏幕静坐时间<2 h/d为参考,屏幕静坐时间为2 h/d~、4 h/d~、6 h/d~者血脂异常的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.44[95%CI(1.00,2.07)]、1.62[95%CI(1.13,2.32)]、1.59[95%CI(1.10,2.29)]。大学生屏幕静坐时间与总血脂异常之间存在线性相关(P-overall=0.028,P-nonlinear=0.113)。亚组分析结果显示,大学生屏幕静坐时间与血脂异常的相关性在女性、血压正常人群及非超重肥胖人群中更加明显。结论较长的屏幕静坐时间可能与大学生血脂异常的风险增加有关,尤其在女性人群中更为明显,其因果关联还需进一步大样本、前瞻性研究予以验证。

基于体力活动、久坐预测不同海拔7∼12岁学生肥胖的风险切点

目的:为探究不同海拔7∼12岁学生体力活动、久坐行为与肥胖的关联性,预测肥胖的体力活动、久坐时间风险切点。方法:以世居平原及世居高原各720名7∼12岁学生为研究对象,通过形态学测试及体力活动测评,确定不同海拔7∼12岁学生肥胖风险的体力活动、久坐时间切点值。结果:随年龄增长,不同海拔7∼12岁学生BMI水平呈上升趋势、WHR水平呈下降趋势;高海拔学生检出率为10.00%、低海拔为12.36%,海拔间检出率存在显著差异(χ^(2)=8.167,P<0.05)。随年龄增长,各组男、女生体力活动相关指标及ST均呈上升趋势;低海拔地区7∼12岁学生LPA、MPA、VPA、MVPA及TPA水平均显著高于高海拔地区(P<0.05),ST水平显著低于高海拔地区(P<0.05)。随BMI上升,体力活动指标均呈先增长后下降的趋势,ST水平呈先下降后增长的趋势;高海拔、低海拔男女生LPA、MPA、VPA、MVPA、TPA水平及ST水平均与BMI存在关联性(P<0.05);高海拔、低海拔7∼12岁学生MPA、MVPA、ST水平与BMI存在显著关联。各组男、女生MVPA及ST预测肥胖的切点值分别为97.42 min^(-1)、735.46 min^(-1)、88.59 min^(-1)、771.30 min^(-1)、115.34 min^(-1)、691.92 min^(-1)、92.71 min^(-1)、720.45min^(-1)。结论:体力活动、久坐时间指标与不同海拔7∼12岁学生肥胖发生率存在显著关联,高原7∼12岁男、女生久坐时间切点值高于同龄平原学生,平原7∼12岁男、女生MVPA切点值高于同龄高原学生。

久坐行为与肠易激综合征的因果关系及失眠的介导作用:孟德尔随机化研究

目的通过两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)法探究久坐行为和肠易激综合征(IBS)之间的因果关系,并且量化失眠作为潜在中介因素的作用。方法利用久坐行为的三个表型,即看电视时间、用电脑时间和驾驶时间与IBS的全基因组数据进行两样本MR分析,通过逆方差加权法(IVW)、加权中位数法(WM)、MR-Egger等方法分析暴露与结局之间的风险。然后通过多变量孟德尔随机化(MVMR)量化失眠介导的看电视时间对IBS的影响比例,探究失眠对其的介导作用。结果看电视时间的增加可能会增加IBS的风险,但用电脑时间和驾驶时间与IBS无明显关联。校正失眠后,看电视时间与IBS存在正相关的因果关系;校正看电视时间后,失眠与IBS存在正相关的因果关系,并且失眠的介导比例为21%。结论看电视时间与IBS的发病风险呈正相关,并且可以部分通过失眠来介导,但并未发现用电脑时间和驾驶时间与IBS发生风险相关。

Does light-intensity physical activity moderate the relationship between sitting time and adiposity markers in adolescents?

Background:While the relationship between sedentary time and adiposity markers may be independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) among adolescents,little is known about the role of light-intensity physical activity(LIPA) in this relationship.The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether device-measured LIPA and MVPA moderate the associations between objectively measured sitting time and adiposity markers(body mass index(BMI)) and waist circumference(WC)) among adolescents.Methods:This study included accelerometer and inclinometer data obtained from 219 adolescents(age=14.9±1.6 years,mean± SD),collected during 2014 and 2015 in Melbourne,Australia.ActiGraph GT3 X accelerometers were used to determine time spent in total-LIPA(101 counts/min to 3.99 metabolic equivalents(METs)) was dichotomized into low-LIPA(101-799 counts/min) and high LIPA(800 counts/min to 3.99 METs),and MVPA(> 4 METs).The average time spent sitting was obtained from activPAL inclinometers.Anthropometric measures were assessed by trained staff.Interactions between sitting and total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA on BMI z-score(zBMI) and WC z-score(zWC),respectively,were examined using linear regression,adjusting for age and sex;and moderation by total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA were examined by adding interaction terms.Significant interaction effects were probed by comparing associations at the mean and at 1 SD below and above the mean.Results:Total-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI,and low-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.No other associations were found for total-LIPA,high-LIPA,or MVPA.Specifically,at high levels of total-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI.In addition,at high levels of low-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.Conclusion:Associations between sitting and adiposity depended on time spent in total-LIPA and low-LIPA,but not high-LIPA or MVPA.Results suggest that increasing time spent in LIP A may provide protection from the deleterious effects of sitting on adiposity markers among adolescents.Experimental evidence is needed to support these conclusions.

The Effects of a Lifestyle Modification Program on a Leisure Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in a Brazilian Low Socioeconomic Community

Regular physical activity benefits the health of the general population, more in those with sedentary behaviors. PURPOSE： To verify the impact of adding leisure-time activities to the existed sedentary behaviors. METHODS： A cross-sectional and a longitudinal analysis were undertaken in an ongoing epidemiological study （＂Move for Health＂） conducted by this Institution. The longitudinal study comprised 1572 subjects older than 35 yrs （53.8 ± 11.1 yrs, 76% women） enrolled during the period of 2004 to 2015. After a baseline assessment, the participants were submitted to a 10-week program of supervised physical exercises training and dietary counseling. The physical exercise protocol was composed by daily sessions （100 min）, 3-5x/wk, including warm up/stretching （20min）, 30 rain walking （60%-80% VO2max）, 40min strength in academy （3x 8-12 rep, 60%-70% 1RM） and stretching and cool down （10 min）. By using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ-way long-version 8）, it was evaluated the time spent on sedentary activities during the week and on weekends （h/day）, in the domains of sedentary transport （h/week） and physical leisure activities （h/week） at baseline （M0） and after 10 weeks （MI） of physical intervention. The Student＇s t test was used to compare moments with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS： I was shown that 18.3% presented lower values than 150 min/wk of physical activity. Lower quartile of leisure domain on weekdays along with more sedentary behavior on weekends were determined by socioeconomic characteristics such as lower income and schooling. The sample referred low income （71% earning less than 5 minimum salary wage）, low schooling （52.6% uncompleted elementary school） but in a good-excellent status of health, according their self-perception. Leisure time-physical activity increased 2.12 （P 〈 0.001）. Behaviors of sedentary transport and sitting time either weekdays or weekends did not change significantly （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： An inexpensive and institutional-conducted lifestyle modification program like the ＂Move for Health＂ can provide extra energy expenditure, as leisure time, to a low socioeconomic community. However, it has been unsuccessfully proved to change other existing sedentary behavior.

西北地区城乡高中生静坐时长与健康素养的现状及影响因素探究

目的:调查分析西北地区城乡高中生健康素养与静坐时长的基本现状与影响因素,为提升高中生的身心健康水平提供参考。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样法,收集10所学校在读高一、高二年级学生的健康素养水平及每天平均静坐时长问卷调查的数据。应用非参数检验,并运行多元线性回归模型分析健康素养水平及静坐时长的影响因素。结果:各地区静坐时长比较:青海>甘肃>宁夏=新疆>陕西(P<0.01);市县区>镇乡村(P<0.01),男生>女生(P<0.01)。不同家庭收入的健康素养总评分比较:家庭年收入2.5万元~4.99万元>5万元~7.99万元>8万元~9.99万元>1万元~2.499万元>10万元以上>1万元以下(P<0.01)。不同学历父亲的健康素养总评分差异比较,P>0.05;不同学历母亲的健康素养总评分比较:大专以下的>大专>硕士研究生及以上>本科(P<0.01);市县区的总评分>镇乡村(P<0.01);女生的总评分>男生(P<0.05)。多元线性回归模型提示,静坐时长与父母亲学历均呈现正相关,父亲学历的影响较大。健康素养问卷总评分与母亲学历呈现负相关,与家庭年收入呈现正相关,母亲学历的影响较大。结论:西北地区镇乡村高中生平均每天静坐时长短于市县区,男生的静坐时长多于女生。父、母亲学历是高中生静坐时长与健康素养水平的主要影响因素。

成都市农转非和城市居民静坐时间及其对健康的影响分析

目的 分析农转非与城市居民静坐时间差异,并进一步探讨静坐时间对两类居民健康的影响,为改善其健康水平提供参考。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取居民进行问卷调查。健康评价采用两周患病、慢性病患病作为客观评价指标,同时采用SF-12生命质量评价量表作为主观评价指标。应用多因素Logistic回归分析不同阈值日均静坐时间对农转非和城市居民健康的影响。结果 农转非居民日均静坐行为时间为(4.32±2.45) h/d,低于城市居民[(4.49±2.28) h/d](P<0.05),两类居民的两周患病及慢性病患病的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但农转非居民自评生理健康和心理健康均高于城市居民(P<0.05)。Logistic回归结果显示,静坐时间处于“3~<4 h/d”(OR=1.390,95%CI:1.034~1.869)、“4~<6 h/d”(OR=1.461,95%CI:1.057~2.020)和“≥6 h/d”(OR=1.524,95%CI:1.012~2.294)区间是农转非居民两周患病危险因素;静坐时间处于“3~<6 h/d”(OR=1.417,95%CI:1.027~1.956)和“≥6 h/d”(OR=1.586,95%CI:1.052~2.393)是农转非居民慢病患病的危险因素;静坐时间为“≥6 h/d”(OR=1.504,95%CI:1.001~2.259)对城市居民生理健康有影响,尚未发现静坐时间对两类居民心理健康评分的影响。结论 静坐时间长短对居民健康有影响,其中静坐时间更容易对农转非居民健康产生影响,应重视对农转非居民静坐行为的干预。

探讨屏幕时间对学龄期儿童抑郁的影响及其媒介因素

目的探讨学龄期儿童屏幕时间对抑郁症状的影响。方法采用学龄期儿童电子产品调查问卷和儿童抑郁量表对温岭市165名7~10岁学龄期儿童进行抽样调查,运用单因素、零阶偏相关多因素分析、分层回归分析和路径分析进行统计分析。结果研究发现学龄期儿童抑郁量表指数平均值为(9.75±3.50),其中男童(9.75±3.50),女童(10.53±3.71),两者比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.102,P=0.037)。运用零阶偏相关多因素分析和分层回归分析发现,屏幕时间和儿童抑郁量表指数存在显著相关(r=0.442,P<0.001),久坐不动和睡眠时间作为媒介因素,与屏幕时间和儿童抑郁量表指数均存在显著相关(P<0.001)。通过路径分析显示,屏幕时间对儿童抑郁量表指数的总效果,男童为0.488,女童为1.156。结论屏幕时间、久坐不动是儿童抑郁症状的危险因素,与儿童抑郁量表指数存在正相关,而睡眠时间与儿童抑郁量表指数存在负相关。

北京市居民睡眠、休闲久坐、体育锻炼时间投入与慢性病关系研究

研究基于北京市第3次群众体育调查数据,采用二分类logistic回归法分析了北京市居民睡眠、休闲久坐、体育锻炼时间投入与慢性病之间的关系。研究结果表明:除年龄增长、体质指数不正常、吸烟、喝酒是导致慢性病的重要因素外;睡眠时间投入、0.5 h以上的长时间休闲久坐、体育锻炼时间投入与慢性病的关系独立显著。每天睡眠时间每增加1 h,得慢性病的可能性将降低14%。每天休闲久坐的时间每增加1 h,得慢性病的几率将随之增加11%。每周投入体育锻炼的时间每增加1 h,得慢性病的可能性将随之降低2%。保持充足的睡眠和增加体育锻炼时间投入可有效降低年龄增长带来的慢性病发生风险,并随年龄增长其作用越来越显著。休闲久坐增加、年龄增长带来的慢性病发生风险,其负向作用随年龄增长越来越显著。

中国国民闲暇时间体力活动“完全静坐”水平人群特征的研究

闲暇时体力活动对体质健康的益处最多,并且也最有可能被干预,理应成为体力活动促进关注的重点。为此,如何更好地在新的历史条件下,实现"发展体育运动,增强人民体质"这一宗旨,使更多的人在闲暇时间参与到体育锻炼中来,让更多的人从中受益,是我们一直以来所关注的。本研究通过2010年全国国民体质监测数据,对其闲暇时体力活动完全静坐"水平的人群特征分析,发现:中国国民闲暇时间体力活动"完全静坐"水平人群具有以下特征:1)社会属性特征,农民人群人数比例较高;女性高于男性;随年龄增长,闲暇时间体力活动"完全静坐"水平人数比例,呈"波峰"状,平台期相对集中在中年人群;随着受教育程度的提高,闲暇时间体力活动"完全静坐"水平人数比例,呈单边下降态势;2)行为方式特征:体力活动过多的工作、劳作方式人群闲暇时体力活动"完全静坐"水平人数比例较高;3)其他特征:体育锻炼氛围、相应制度、配套设施较差的"完全静坐"水平人数比例较高;交通方式的积极活动会相应提高闲暇时间体力活动的活跃水平。同时对闲暇时间体力活动"完全静坐"水平人群特征进行了因子分析。结果表明,工作、家务中体力劳动过多的劳作是影响成年人闲暇时间体力活动"完全静坐"水平的一个重要原因;其次是体育锻炼氛围、条件。

主观感知不适量表在久坐作业中的应用

目的探讨坐-站工作姿势调节对久坐工作者的主观感知舒适度的影响。方法记录25名志愿者执行文本输入工作任务时,下肢10个部位的主观感知不适量表得分,采用单因素方差检验法分析坐-站工作姿势调节与主观感知不适量表分数之间的关系。结果各个坐-站时间周期对下肢主观感知不适度的影响无显著性。但是,从均值图来看,坐-站工作姿势交替对右小腿后侧和左小腿后侧造成较大感知不适。结论适宜的坐-站工作时间周期对促进久坐工作者的舒适度具有积极的意义。

北京市居民业余屏幕时间现状与人群分布特征

目的了解北京市成年居民的业余屏幕时间及其人群分布特征;方法根据2014年北京市成人慢性病及危险因素监测中看电视时间、使用电脑时间和使用手机时间的相关数据,分析北京市成年居民业余屏幕时间的长短、构成和人群分布特征;结果北京市成年居民业余屏幕时间标化后中位数是210 min,P25和P75分别为120 min和300 min;总业余屏幕时间占总业余时间的91.32%。业余屏幕时间中看电视时间的标化后中位数是90 min,使用电脑时间的标化后中位数是30 min,使用手机时间的标化后中位数是60 min,总看电视时间、总使用电脑时间和总使用手机时间分别占总业余屏幕时间的41.19%、25.76%和33.05%。男性(190 min)、18~44年龄组(240 min)、城区(210 min)、大学及以上(240 min)、未婚(270 min)和京籍(190 min)人群的业余屏幕时间较高。无论男女看电视时间所占比例都是最高(男性43.57%,女性46.24%);在年龄组方面,看电视时间所占比例随年龄增加而增大,使用电脑和手机的时间则随年龄增加而减少;在城郊方面,无论城区还是郊区,都是看电视时间所占比例最高(城区42.89%,郊区48.43%);在文化程度方面,随着文化程度的提高,看电视时间所占比例逐渐下降,而使用电脑和使用手机时间所占比例则逐渐上升;在婚姻状况方面,未婚人群使用手机时间所占比例最高(43.03%),在婚/同居和离异/丧偶/分居人群则是看电视时间所占比例最高(分别为49.10%和59.92%)。结论北京市成年人业余屏幕时间长,占总业余时间的比重大;不同人群业余屏幕时间分布差异较大。