Determination of pesticides in cannabis facilities is increasingly important as medicinal and recreational uses of cannabis products expand rapidly. We report a method involving wipe sampling, liquid chromatography se...Determination of pesticides in cannabis facilities is increasingly important as medicinal and recreational uses of cannabis products expand rapidly. We report a method involving wipe sampling, liquid chromatography separation, and tandem mass spectrometry, which enables determination of 82 pesticides out of the 96 regulated by Health Canada. To demonstrate an application of the method, we sampled and measured pesticides in two cannabis growing facilities, representing a non-certified and a certified site. We detected 41 pesticides in surface wipe samples at the non-certified site and 6 at the certified site. This study provides the first evidence showing pesticide occurrence on common surfaces in cannabis growing facilities and points to a need for routine monitoring and strict control of pesticide use in cannabis facilities.展开更多
PKHD1 gene mutations are found responsible for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease（ARPKD）. However, it is inconvenient to detect the mutations by common polymerase chain reaction（PCR） because the open re...PKHD1 gene mutations are found responsible for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease（ARPKD）. However, it is inconvenient to detect the mutations by common polymerase chain reaction（PCR） because the open reading frame of PKHD1 is very long. Recently, long-range（LR） PCR is demonstrated to be a more sensitive mutation screening method for PKHD1 by directly sequencing. In this study, the entire PKHD1 coding region was amplified by 29 reactions to avoid the specific PCR amplification of individual exons, which generated the size of 1 to 7 kb products by LR PCR. This method was compared to the screening method with standard direct sequencing of each individual exon of the gene by a reference laboratory in 15 patients with ARPKD. The results showed that a total of 37 genetic changes were detected with LR PCR sequencing, which included 33 variations identified by the reference laboratory with standard direct sequencing. LR PCR sequencing had 100% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 97.0% accuracy, which were higher than those with standard direct sequencing method. In conclusion, LR PCR sequencing is a reliable method with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting genetic variations. It also has more intronic coverage and lower cost, and is an applicable clinical method for complex genetic analyses.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Program), Canada Research Chairs, Alberta Innovates, and Alberta Health。
文摘Determination of pesticides in cannabis facilities is increasingly important as medicinal and recreational uses of cannabis products expand rapidly. We report a method involving wipe sampling, liquid chromatography separation, and tandem mass spectrometry, which enables determination of 82 pesticides out of the 96 regulated by Health Canada. To demonstrate an application of the method, we sampled and measured pesticides in two cannabis growing facilities, representing a non-certified and a certified site. We detected 41 pesticides in surface wipe samples at the non-certified site and 6 at the certified site. This study provides the first evidence showing pesticide occurrence on common surfaces in cannabis growing facilities and points to a need for routine monitoring and strict control of pesticide use in cannabis facilities.
基金supported by grants from the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2010CDB-06903)National Key Basic Research Program of China(“973”Program,No.2012CB526706)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81000771 and 81271694)
文摘PKHD1 gene mutations are found responsible for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease（ARPKD）. However, it is inconvenient to detect the mutations by common polymerase chain reaction（PCR） because the open reading frame of PKHD1 is very long. Recently, long-range（LR） PCR is demonstrated to be a more sensitive mutation screening method for PKHD1 by directly sequencing. In this study, the entire PKHD1 coding region was amplified by 29 reactions to avoid the specific PCR amplification of individual exons, which generated the size of 1 to 7 kb products by LR PCR. This method was compared to the screening method with standard direct sequencing of each individual exon of the gene by a reference laboratory in 15 patients with ARPKD. The results showed that a total of 37 genetic changes were detected with LR PCR sequencing, which included 33 variations identified by the reference laboratory with standard direct sequencing. LR PCR sequencing had 100% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 97.0% accuracy, which were higher than those with standard direct sequencing method. In conclusion, LR PCR sequencing is a reliable method with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting genetic variations. It also has more intronic coverage and lower cost, and is an applicable clinical method for complex genetic analyses.
