原发少见解剖部位NUT癌3例及文献复习

目的探讨NUT癌(NUT)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、分子改变和鉴别诊断要点。方法收集广东省人民医院2021至2024年诊断的3例NUT,总结其临床病理学参数,行免疫组化染色、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和二代测序(NGS),并复习相关文献。结果3例患者均为男性;年龄范围34~56岁;1例位于扁桃体,1例位于右肺,1例位于十二指肠。2例获得随访资料,2例患者分别于确诊后仍健大。肿瘤最大径4~7 cm(平均5.5 cm)。镜下检查3例为巢团状、低分化癌特点,其中小肠病例可见突然角化。免疫组化检测显示所有病例均表达CK、CAM5.2和NUT;1例行NGS检测显示存在BRD4::NUTM1(B11:N3)。结论NUT癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤。在掌握临床病史和组织学特征的基础上,同时结合免疫组化和分子检测综合分析,才能做出NUT的准确诊断。

喉NUT癌1例

1临床资料患者,女,19岁,因“咳血2个月”就诊于外院,支气管镜活检病理:(声门下)鳞状上皮乳头状增生,伴重度非典型性。病理会诊:鳞状上皮乳头状增生,伴中重度非典型性,未治疗。2022-09-09患者因Ⅱ度呼吸困难收入郑州大学第一附属医院。喉部增强CT示:喉咽部壁明显增厚,右侧壁软组织增强扫描边缘可见强化,相应喉腔狭窄,双侧颈部肿大淋巴结(图1A)。入院后患者再次无诱因出现呼吸困难,急诊行气管切开术,气管前淋巴结送病理,术后冰冻病理结果:高级别转移性癌,结合免疫组化,符合低分化鳞状细胞癌。

舌NUT癌合并远处转移1例

1病例资料。患者,男性,33岁,2020年7月因“发现舌根肿物4月余”就诊于川北医学院附属医院,完善颌面部CT(图1A)提示:左侧舌根部、舌肌(约左侧舌后2/3区域)团块影,考虑肿瘤性病变,伴颈部多发淋巴结肿大。PET-CT(图2)提示:左侧舌根部、口咽左侧壁及双侧颈动脉鞘旁多发淋巴结。

Ebus-TBNA淋巴结穿刺联合胸腔积液细胞蜡块诊断纵隔NUT癌的体会

NUT癌(NUT carcinoma)又称为伴睾丸核蛋白(the nuclear protein of the testis,NUT)基因重排的中线癌,它是一种组织起源不明的高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,非常罕见。以前人们认为该病仅发生于中线器官,但随着病例的积累,现在认为它不仅发生于中线器官,还可以发生于非中线器官,如腮腺、颌下腺等。

NUT癌病理诊断及发病机制的研究进展

NUT癌(nuclear protein in testis carcinoma,NC)是一种罕见的主要伴鳞状上皮分化的高度恶性肿瘤,预后极差,中位生存期仅6.5个月。其诊断主要依据特征性基因改变:位于染色体15q14的NUT(NUTM1)基因发生重排,其融合伴侣基因超过75%为位于染色体19p13.1的BRD4基因。近年来随着NUT免疫组化抗体及分子检测技术的广泛应用,文献报道的病例数量呈上升趋势。同时,新近报道了一些少见的组织学形态、免疫表型及伴侣基因。在此,笔者回顾性总结NUT癌病理诊断及发病机制的研究进展,以期避免在临床诊断工作中误诊,进而为NUT癌的治疗决策提供更为有效的科学依据。

中线(NUT)癌诊断与治疗专家共识(2023版)

伴睾丸核蛋白(nuclear protein in testis,NUT)基因重排的中线癌又称NUT癌,是一种罕见的高度侵袭性肿瘤,根据NUT中线癌家族成员1(NUT midline carcinoma family member 1,NUTM1)基因发生重排或突变定义。常规治疗方法对NUT癌效果欠佳,绝大多数患者预后差。现阶段对该基因变异的认识不足是制约NUT癌诊治取得进展的主要障碍。目前在临床实践中缺乏针对NUT癌临床特征、诊断及治疗方法的标准化指南,限制了临床医师对该疾病的充分认识。为了给临床医师提供更加明确规范的诊断参考依据,中国抗癌协会肿瘤基因诊断专业委员会中线(NUT)癌基因诊断工作组及中国抗癌协会肿瘤标志专业委员会组织了临床、病理、分子检测和生物信息分析等领域专家,综合国内外NUT癌临床应用的共识指南、重要文献及临床实践经验,共同制定了本共识,对NUT癌临床诊疗给出专家组意见,期望为临床医师提供NUT癌诊疗指导意见,降低NUT癌误诊率,提高治疗效果和预后。

Late Oligocene fossil acorns and nuts of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis from the Nanning Basin,Guangxi,South China

Quercus is the largest genus within the Fagaceae and has a rich fossil record.Most of the fossil material is attributed to the subgenus Quercus based on leaves,pollen or rarely acorns and nuts.Fossil records of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis characterized by ring-cupped acorns are relatively few and especially those described based on nuts are scant.In this study,we described four new species of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis based on mummified acorns and nuts:Q.paleodisciformis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.paleohui X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.nanningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.and Q.yongningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.These species closely resemble the extant species Q.disciformis,Q.hui,Q.kerrii,and Q.dinghuensis.The occurrence of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis in the Oligocene stratum of Guangxi,South China,suggests that the section has diversified within its extant distribution center since the Oligocene.By combining records from other areas,we propose that the section first appeared in the middle Eocene of East Asia(Sino-Japan),has diversified in situ with a few elements scattering into West Asia and southern Europe since the Oligocene and Pliocene,respectively,and finally became restricted in East Asia since the Pleistocene.This indicates that the section originated and diversified in East Asia,before spreading into West Asia no later than the Oligocene and into southern Europe by the Pliocene.Subsequently it disappeared from South Europe and West Asia due to the appearance of the(summer dry)Mediterranean climate and widespread cooling during the Pleistocene.

G-Nut/Anubis在海洋站GNSS业务化观测数据质量检核中的应用研究

本文针对海洋GNSS连续运行参考站网数据质量检核问题,选取北海区老虎滩、东海区朱家尖和南海区北海站的GNSS连续运行参考站2022年各季度数据,利用G-Nut/Anubis软件进行质量检核,结果表明各站数据完整率、周跳比、多路径影响等指标均满足相关要求,同时以朱家尖站为例对质检指标进行可视化,详细分析了其数据质量。在此基础上,为解决连续运行站海量数据批量检核问题,基于Matlab APP Designer平台开发了以Anubis软件为基础的海洋站GNSS数据质量检核工具箱OGQC,并利用朱家尖站2022年全年的数据验证了其检核功能的平稳性和可靠性,结果显示OGQC工具箱可以满足业务化运行对数据质量检核指标批处理、可视化监控和信息化管理的需要,可提供各站详细的质量检核结果,为数据编辑、剔除等预处理提供参考,为后续高精度数据处理工作提供高质量的输入数据。

Nutrient coordination mechanism of tiger nut induced by rhizosphere soil nutrient variation in an arid area, China

Tiger nut is a bioenergy crop planted in arid areas of northern China to supply oil and adjust the planting structure.However,in the western region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,less water resources have resulted in a scarcity of available farmland,which has posed a huge obstacle to planting tiger nut.Cultivation of tiger nut on marginal land can effectively solve this problem.To fully unlock the production potential of tiger nut on marginal land,it is crucial for managers to have comprehensive information on the adaptive mechanism and nutrient requirement of tiger nut in different growth periods.This study aims to explore these key information from the perspective of nutrient coordination strategy of tiger nut in different growth periods and their relationship with rhizosphere soil nutrients.Three fertilization treatments including no fertilization(N:P(nitrogen:phosphorous)=0:0),traditional fertilization(N:P=15:15),and additional N fertilizer(N:P=60:15)were implemented on marginal land in the Dengkou County.Plant and soil samples were collected in three growth periods,including stolon tillering period,tuber expanding period,and tuber mature period.Under no fertilization,there was a significant correlation between N and P contents of tiger nut roots and tubers and the same nutrients in the rhizosphere soil(P<0.05).Carbon(C),N,and P contents of roots were significantly higher than those of leaves(P<0.05),and the C:N ratio of all organs was higher than those under other treatments before tuber maturity(P<0.05).Under traditional fertilization,there was a significant impact on the P content of tiger nut tubers(P<0.05).Under additional N fertilizer,the accumulation rate of N and P was faster in stolons than in tubers(P<0.05)with lower N:P ratio in stolons during the tuber expansion period(P<0.05),but higher N:P ratio in tubers(P<0.05).The limited availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere soil prompts tiger nut to increase the C:N ratio,improving N utilization efficiency,and maintaining N:P ratio in tubers.Elevated N levels in the rhizosphere soil decrease the C:N ratio of tiger nut organs and N:P ratio in stolons,promoting rapid stolon growth and shoot production.Supplementary P is necessary during tuber expansion,while a higher proportion of N in fertilizers is crucial for the aboveground biomass production of tiger nut.

Effects of areca nut consumption on cell differentiation of osteoblasts, myoblasts, and fibroblasts

Areca nut is used worldwide as a hallucinogenic addicting drug along the tropical belt.Arecoline,a toxic compound,is the most important alkaloid in areca nuts.The adverse effects of oral uptake and chewing of areca nut are well known.For example,the possibility of cancer caused by chewing areca nuts is widely discussed.Chewing areca nut has other adverse effects on other organs,including abnormal cell differentiation,oral cancer,and several other diseases.The use of areca nut is also associated with low birthweight.Skeletal musculature is the largest organ in the body and is attached to the bones.During embryo development,the differentiation of bone and muscle cells is critical.In this article,we reviewed the effects of areca nut and arecoline on embryonic cell differentiation,particularly osteoblasts,myoblasts,and fibroblasts.

Intruder trajectory tracking in a three-dimensional vibration-driven granular system:Unveiling the mechanism of the Brazil nut effect

We employ a Hall-effect magnetic sensor array to accurately track the trajectory of a single magnetic sphere,referred to as the“intruder,”within a three-dimensional vibro-fluidized granular bed to unravel the underlying physical mechanism governing the motion of the intruder.Within the acceleration range of 3.5 g≥Γ≥1.5 g,we find that,regardless of the intruder's initial position,it consistently reaches the same equilibrium depth when the vibration acceleration(Γ)and frequency(ω)are fixed.ForΓ≤2.5 g,the equilibrium position lies on the surface of the granular bed,while forΓ>2.5 g,it shifts below the surface.Additionally,intruders with different densities exhibit varying equilibrium depths,with higher density resulting in a deeper equilibrium position.To understand the mechanism behind the intruder's upward or downward motion,we measure its rising or sinking velocities under different vibration parameters.Our findings demonstrate that the rising velocity of the intruder,under varying vibration accelerations(Γ)and frequencies(ω),can be collapsed using the ratioΓ/ω,while the sinking velocity remains unaffected by the vibration strength.This confirms that the upward motion of the larger sphere,associated with the Brazil nut effect,primarily arises from the void-filling mechanism of the bed particles.Furthermore,our experiments reveal that the presence of convection within the bed particles has minimal impact on the motion of the intruder.

Mechanisms and reusability potentials of zirconium-polyaziridine-engineered tiger nut residue towards anionic pollutants

Access to fresh water,its availability,and its quality are a global challenge to humanity,largely due to human activities in the environment.Thus,global water security has been jeopardized,requiring urgent remediation to safeguard our very existence.Hence,a novel and facilely engineered zirconium and polyethylenimine adsorbent based on tiger nut residue (TNR) was prepared,and its adsorptive capabilities towards a model dyestuff and nutrient were invested through a batch adsorption method.The developed adsorbent,zirconium-polyethylenimine-engineered tiger nut residue (TNR@PEI–Zr) was characterised by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand its morphology and surface chemistry and predict its adsorption mechanism.TNR@PEI–Zr had a p H point of zero charge (pH_(zpc)) of 6.7.The introduction of salts inhibited the removal efficiency of Alizarin red (AR) and phosphate (PO_(4)^(3–)) in the order of HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2–)>Cl^(-).Increasing temperatures (293–313 K) favoured the adsorption process at pH 3.The Langmuir model suited the adsorption processes of both AR and PO_(4)^(3–),implying homogenous and monolayer removal of pollutants with a maximal capacity of 537.8 mg·g^(-1)and 100.5 mg·g^(-1)at a dose of 0.01 g,respectively.The rate-determining steps of AR and PO_(4)^(3–)followed a pseudo-secondorder kinetic model and were thermodynamically spontaneous with an increase in randomness at the solid-solution interface.The adsorbent’s recyclability was notable and outperformed most adsorbents in terms of removal efficiency.TNR@PEI–Zr was found to be stable,and its use in practical wastewater decontamination was effective,ecologically acceptable and free of secondary pollution problems.

Residual Capacity of Friction⁃Type High⁃Strength Bolted T⁃stub Connection with Nut Corrosion Damage

Corrosion is a primary cause of the slippage of friction⁃type high⁃strength bolted(FHSB)T⁃stub connections.This paper attempts to quantify the residual capacity of FHSB T⁃stub connections with corroded nuts.Firstly,corrosion simulation tests were conducted on 48 manually cut nuts to find out the relationship between the damage degree of nut section and the residual clamping force(RCF)of bolt.Then,static load tests were carried out on 24 FHSB T⁃stub connections with nuts of different degrees of damage to obtain the failure modes.By finite⁃element(FE)models,a comparative analysis was performed on the initial friction load(IFL)and ultimate strength(US)of each connection with corroded nuts.Finally,the parameters of 96 FE models for FHSB T⁃stub connections were analyzed and used to derive the calculation formulas for the degree of damage for each nut and the IFL and US of each connection.The results show that the RCF decay of a bolt is a quadratic function of the equivalent radius loss ratio and the shear failure after nut corrosion;the IFL of each connection had a clear linear correlation with the RCF of the corresponding bolts,and the correlation depends on the applied load and static friction on connecting plate interface induced by the clamping force;the static friction had little impact on the US of the connection;the proposed IFL and US formulas can effectively derive the residual anti⁃slip capacity of FHSB T⁃stub connections from the degree of damage of the corroded nut section.The research results provide a scientific basis for the replacement and maintenance of corroded bolts of FHSB T⁃stub connections.

Impact of Four Fiber Sources and the Strategy of Feeding on the Nutritional Quality of Rabbit Meat (Oryctogalagus cuniculis)

This study was conducted to valorize four sources of fiber (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera and palm nut fibers) in animal production. The experiments were carried out on 128 rabbits divided into 4 batches of 32 animals, reared for 8 weeks under the same conditions. Each batch was subdivided into two subgroups, one fed with a complete diet (a diet containing one of the fiber sources and served all day) and the other with the same diet separated from the fiber source (served at 9 a.m. and supplemented with the fiber source at 4 p.m.). Eight (8) experimental rations were, respectively, tested on the subgroups: complete feed Gliricidia sepium (CFG);supplemented feed Gliricidia sepium (SFG);complete feed Leucaena leucocephala (CFL);supplemented feed Leucaena leucocephala (SFL);complete feed Moringa oleifera (CFM);supplemented feed Moringa oleifera (SFM);complete feed palm nut fiber (CFF);supplemented feed palm nut fiber (SFF). In each subgroup, 4 rabbits were slaughtered at 15 weeks of age for a total of 32 rabbits. Physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on the feed and the meat. Data were analyzed using SAS 2013 software. Fiber content was similar (p > 0.05) for complete feeds. Fat content was high (p < 0.001) for the palm nuts fiber (27.34%) and the CFF feed (11.36%). Feeding rabbits with G. sepium leaves or palm nut fiber continuously increased the fat content of the meat in contrast to sequential feeding. Meat quality was also better when the fiber source was used in the feed of the rabbits in the evening.

云南西双版纳澳洲坚果开花与结实特性

【目的】对云南西双版纳地区的澳洲坚果开花结实特性展开观测及分析,为澳洲坚果高产优质提供理论依据。【方法】以12个澳洲坚果品种为观测对象,采用挂牌记录法观察其开花物候及坐果规律,以坐果率、坐果花序率、每果序平均坐果数、落果率等参数为评价指标,分析澳洲坚果不同品种的结实特性。【结果】不同澳洲坚果品种的开花物候复杂多样,品种D4、O.C、863、820和842花期较长,分2批次开花;品种A16、A4、Special、828、816、508和246的花期较短且较集中。受花期和品种特性共同影响,澳洲坚果不同品种的坐果率、坐果花序率、每果序平均坐果数及落果率存在明显差异,品种O.C、828、863和D4的第2批次末花期花序几乎没有坐果能力。所有参试品种的最终坐果率与最终坐果花序率呈正相关,可使用坐果花序率代替坐果率评价产量。花期对不同品种每果序最终平均坐果数量的影响不大,每个果序上仅1~2个果实。所有参试品种均存在严重的落果现象,但同一花期不同品种的落果率差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】根据开花物候决定采收模式,花期长的品种D4、O.C、863、820和842需分批次采收,花期短的品种A16、A4、Special、828、816、508和246可集中采收。根据第2批次末花期花序几乎无坐果能力的结实特性,可疏除2批次开花品种O.C、863、828和D4的第2批次末花期刚萌发的花序,节约母树资源。

槟榔提取物对口腔上皮细胞生物功能影响的研究

目的探讨槟榔提取物(ANE)对人口腔上皮细胞的生物学功能影响。方法本研究首先分析了梯度浓度ANE下对人口腔角质细胞(HOK)增殖的影响;采用第二代RNA测序分析对照组与ANE干预组HOK细胞的差异表达基因。随后,流式细胞术用于检测HOK细胞周期和凋亡;β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)染色试剂盒用于检测细胞衰老;免疫荧光实验检测HOK细胞中Ki67和γH2AX蛋白的表达;实时聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)用于检测衰老相关表型基因白细胞介素(IL)-6、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP2)和TGFB1表达;免疫印迹用于检测自噬相关蛋白(LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ和p62)和上皮间充质转化(EMT)相关蛋白(SMAD2、p-SMAD2、E-Cadherin和Vimentin)的表达;酶联免疫吸附实验用于检测HOK细胞外分泌蛋白TGFB1表达。结果测序结果显示ANE可引起HOK细胞细胞周期、p53、自噬、FoxO、细胞衰老等信号通路相关基因异常表达。流式细胞术显示ANE可诱导HOK细胞凋亡和G2/M期阻滞。与对照组相比,ANE处理后的HOK细胞衰老细胞数量增加,衰老相关表型基因IL-6、MMP2和TGFB1表达上调。此外,相较于对照组,ANE组中HOK细胞的γH2AX、LC3-Ⅱ、TGFB1、p-SMAD2和Vimentin蛋白表达增加,Ki67蛋白、LC3-Ⅰ和E-Cadherin蛋白表达下降。结论ANE可诱导HOK细胞凋亡、G2/M期阻滞、衰老、DNA损伤、自噬和EMT,形成促癌的细胞微环境。

33个平欧杂种榛品种(系)坚果经济性状评价

【目的】研究榛子不同品种(系)的经济性状,为榛子资源评价及种质资源的挖掘,榛子优良品种的选育提供科学依据。【方法】以盛果期33个品种(系)平欧杂种榛为研究对象,对其果实经济性状进行主成分、相关性和聚类分析以及等级划分,筛选综合表现优良且具有选育潜力的品种(系)。【结果】供试平欧杂种榛的坚果质量介于1.36~3.26 g,坚果三径均值介于13.81~20.49 mm,果仁质量介于0.30~1.26 g,果壳厚度介于1.16~2.31 mm,果腔系数介于0.53~0.96,出仁率介于14.54%~51.66%。坚果性状、果仁性状和出仁性状之间均存在显著差异,变异系数介于6.15%~55.30%。13个性状之间存在较高的相关性,其中有16对性状间呈极显著正相关,12对呈极显著负相关,7对呈显著负相关。供试平欧杂种榛划分为5个类群。【结论】果腔系数、壳仁间隙、果仁整齐度、出仁率和果仁三径均值是影响平欧杂种榛坚果经济性状的主要指标,可作为不同品种(系)平欧杂种榛坚果经济性状评价和良种选育的参考标准。筛选出85-57、B-3、84-310、85-41、85-83、82-15、B-11和85-127等品种(系)的坚果综合经济性状较优。

中国古代槟榔文化的接受与传播

作为舶来品的槟榔,在饮食、医药、赋税等方面扮演过重要的角色,具有丰厚的历史文化。梳理文献发现,两汉三国时期,槟榔视作“奇草异木”记载在各种《异物志》中,开始被接受;南北朝时期,槟榔是贵族士宦的“奢侈品”,唐代受佛教平等思想影响日渐向大众传播,宋代逐渐成为百姓家的“寻常物”。槟榔之所以能被接受与传播,并在海南用于婚俗,是因其本身的物质文化之外,还与其因贵异而用于重要的人际礼仪、文人墨客极力推崇渲染和赋予了槟榔君子品格等精神文化有着莫大的关系。

澳洲坚果新害虫——脊胸露尾甲生物学习性观察

在云南省西双版纳澳洲坚果种植区发现为害澳洲坚果的新害虫——脊胸露尾甲,为准确掌握其生物学习性,在室内以澳洲坚果果仁为食料饲养该虫,观察各虫态形态、成虫交配习性、产卵习性,测定卵孵化率及各虫态存活率。结果表明,脊胸露尾甲发育经历卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫4个虫态,其中幼虫分为3个龄期,随着龄期增长,幼虫体长、体宽和头壳宽度逐渐增加。成虫羽化后不会立即交配,交配前期(4.65±0.04)d,交配时长不等,初次交配时长(13.78±0.29)min,雄成虫存在争夺交配权行为。雌成虫产卵前期(8.65±0.03)d,初次产卵量(1.94±0.06)粒,一天中15:00—18:00产卵量/h最高;雌成虫对产卵位置具有选择性,背光面着卵率极显著高于向光面。卵孵化率随着相对湿度增加而不断提高。常规饲养条件下,卵、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、蛹的存活率分别为(86.50±0.69)%、(83.31±2.99)%、(94.85±0.71)%、(97.09±1.46)%、(98.77±1.23)%。

高压管汇由壬翼形螺母的失效原因

页岩气压裂施工中,某高压管汇由壬翼形螺母在服役期间发生断裂,从失效由壬翼形螺母断口位置取样,进行宏观、微观观察,断口能谱分析,硬度测试及金相检验等,并利用ABAQUS软件对由壬翼形螺母进行力学分析,揭示其失效机理。结果表明:螺母内径存在多点疲劳源,断口中央有明显贝纹线且被红褐色(Fe_(2)O_(3))、黄绿色(FeCl_(2))腐蚀产物覆盖;微观断口表面存在球状氧化物,能谱分析表明其含有一定量的Ca、Si元素,螺母原材料中存在较多C类和D类非金属氧化物;硬度和金相组织均达到工艺要求;有限元分析所得产生应力集中的部位与实际断裂位置一致,即靠近母由壬螺纹顶端处,且最大应力为910 MPa,超出材料屈服强度。故由壬翼形螺母失效机理为腐蚀疲劳断裂。最后,提出了相应的改进措施。