A Windows bitmap-based numerically controlled sculpture method and its application

Bitmap （BMP） is a widely used format in image processing. With the combination of the digital image processing and computer numerically controlled （NC） techniques, we developed a bitmap-based NC single-step and multi-dot method. An example was provided to illustrate the application and principle of this bitmap-based method in our newly innovated sandblasting glass NC sculpture system.

NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT OF SCULPTURED SURFACE OF ROTATION

A method for measuring the sculptured surface of rotation by using coordinatemeasuring machine (CMM) and rotary table is proposed. The measurement is realized during thecontinuous rotation of the workpiece mounted on the rotary table while the probe moves along thegeneratrix of the surface step by step. This method possesses lots of advantages such as simplicityof probe motion, high reliability and efficiency. Some key techniques including calibration of theeffective radius of the probing system, determination of the position of axis of rotation,auto-centering of the workpiece, data processing algorithm, are discussed. Approaches fordetermining the coordinates on measured surface, establishing workpiece coordinate system andsurface fitting are presented in detail. The method can be used with contact or non-contact probes.Some fragile ceramic and plaster parts are measured by using the system consisting of a CMM, rotarytable, motorized head and non-contact laser triangulation probe. The measuring uncertainty is about0.02 mm which meets the general requirement in most cases.

Tool Positioning Algorithm Based on Smooth Tool Paths for 5-axis Machining of Sculptured Surfaces

The current research of the 5-axis tool positioning algorithm mainly focuses on searching the local optimal tool position without gouging and interference at a cutter contact（CC） point,while not considering the smoothness and continuity of a whole tool path.When the surface curvature varies significantly,a local abrupt change of tool paths will happen.The abrupt change has a great influence on surface machining quality.In order to keep generated tool paths smooth and continuous,a five-axis tool positioning algorithm based on smooth tool paths is presented.Firstly,the inclination angle,the tilt angle and offset distance of the tool at a CC point are used as design variables,and the machining strip width is used as an objective function,an optimization model of a local tool positioning algorithm is thus established.Then,a vector equation of tool path is derived by using the above optimization model.By analyzing the equation,the main factors affecting the tool path quality are obtained.Finally,a new tool position optimization model is established,and the detailed process of tool position optimization is also given.An experiment is conducted to machine an aircraft turbine blade by using the proposed algorithm on a 5-axis blade grinding machine,and the machined blade surface is measured with a coordinate measuring machine（CMM）.Experimental and measured results show that the proposed algorithm can ensure tool paths are smooth and continuous,improve the tool path quality,avoid the local abrupt change of tool paths,and enhance machining quality and machining efficiency of sculptured surfaces.

Robust Boolean Operation for Sculptured Models

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Frame Design and Reality of Numerical Model for Sculptured Part Machining

The importance of the numerical model for sculptured part machining based on virtual environment is introduced. Meanwhile, the general frame of the numerical model is proposed, and the techniques of developing the numerical model are discussed in detail.

Campus Landscape Sculpture Construction Based on Perceptual Engineering: Taking Three Polytechnic Universities in Chengdu as an Example

Campus is a direct carrier for higher education and culture communication. Good landscape sculpture can produce great cohesion and impetus, and it can play an important role in campus landscape construction and cultural communication. Based on the premise of constructing a high-level experience campus culture, this paper analyzes and studies the landscape sculptures of three polytechnic universities in Chengdu from the perspective of perceptual engineering, and analyzes the historical inheritance and school-running characteristics of the three universities, to compare the campus spirit conveyed by the sculptures and the perceptual cognition felt by the teachers and students. The differences between the existing campus landscape sculptures and the campus culture construction goal are obtained, and the corresponding campus landscape sculpture promotion strategy is proposed.

Adaptive compensation of sculptured surface machining errors by open architecture manufacturing system

Presents the adaptive compensation of sculptured surface machining errors by using the open architecture intelligent manufacturing system to ensure real time high precision machining of sculptured surface, and the tool deflection model constructed for prediction of machining errors to be compensated and analysis of the effect of tool deflection on machining errors, and concludes from experimental results that the open architecture intelligent manufacturing system can effectively improve the machining precision and reduce the machining errors by 30%.

Place Experience of Landscape Sculptures

Human beings rely on natural instinct to feel the world from the beginning of life, the experience in the spatial place reveals the essential point contacting man and environment, also sublimates the relationship between man and environment. To deepen the understanding of the experience in the spatial place, we shift the origin of environmental landscape design from "design environment" to "design experience". The essence of experience is to arouse perception, such as senses, emotions, spirits, thinking, action to participate, among which "form, space, quality" as the carrier of landscape sculpture's place spirit and experience co-form a complete spatial place imagery of landscape sculpture. Place experience makes people able to experience a more detailed and richer world, these construction activities bring innovation consciousness with inner vitality, and detail the means of man observing the world while seeking a pluralistic world.

Thematic Planning of Urban Sculpture Systems:A Case Study of Red Sculpture System Planning in Yan’an

The practice of sculpture system planning has been gradually carried out,but the cultural lag has caused many historical and cultural cities to fail to show their red style.This paper explores the key points of urban sculpture system planning.Taking the sculpture system planning of Yan’an as an example,the urban master plan is understood,and the layout and zoning of the sculpture system is planned combined with the current situation.Finally,enlightenments for urban sculpture planning are drawn:basing on the current situation,focusing on the characteristics of the city,distinct systematic hierarchy,drawing on the experience of famous sculpture cities and catering to public preferences,with a view to continuing the spirit of the red era and providing a useful reference for future urban planning and scientifi c development.

Analysis on the Fusion and Sustainable Developmental of Landscape Sculpture

Landscape sculpture, as part of landscape environment, features fusion that is not possessed by other art forms. Therefore, it will lose its existence value and meaning once it is without fusion. Along with the development of the times, landscape sculpture can attain a sustainable development, and this is a highlight in the development of the modem landscape sculpture design.

The Contemporary Transformation of Art—Talking about the Imagery Sculpture

As the core feature of Chinese art, imagery runs through the whole process of art development. This paper discusses the inheritance and innovation of traditional imagery style, the content of sculpture art in the process of modernization, and puts forward personal understanding of the development, innovation and transformation of contemporary sculpture. The contemporary sculpture art is transforming from traditional mysterious imagery to clear and orderly style, this process is an innovation and transformation based on inheriting traditional art style.

Peking Opera Figure Sculpture:An Emerging Design Art

As I entered Original Workshop located in Wuqing Development Zone in Tianjin, a coastal city adjacent to Beijing, I was immediately impressed by vivid Peking opera figure sculptures exhibited on the display stand. 60 extremely lifelike figure sculptures depicting classic roles in Peking opera unfolded before me the history of Peking opera in a graphic, realistic manner.

Beijing International Sculpture Park

Inauguration of the 2002 Beijing International Urban Sculptural Art Exhibition also saw the opening of the Beijing International Sculpture Park on Yuquan Road, Beijing. The park houses 140 statues.This exhibition is aimed at promoting exchanges and cooperation among sculptors across the world, integrating urban sculpture into everyday life, and encouraging innovation in this sector. It is expected to bring inspiration to Beijing as regards new concepts in urban construction, through exchanges with other nations. This exhibition constitutes interaction between the public and art, and dialogue between China and the world.The works on display are Beijing’s latest attraction, and add a touch of modernity to this ancient city. Some are to be placed in sports stadiums during the 2008 Olympics.

Primitive Sculpture Unearthed in Nanjing

IN early 1983 archaeologists from the Nanjing Municipal Museum excavated the Neolithic remains of the city at Yingpan Mountain and unearthed a human head sculpture made of pottery from Tomb M32,It is 9.8 centimeters tall with a fine,hard texture.It is hollow and has a smooth, shiny surface.The face is roughly rectangular in shape,with a flat and broad forehead,linear and deep-set eyes,large eye sockets,and thick ears.The nose has a straight bridge,large nostrils and a pointed tip.The ladder-shaped mouth is wide open and the lips are thick.The broad chin is also in a ladder shape.The headgear bears light carv-

Outdoor Sculptures by the West Lake

Noted for its elegant gardens, Gushan(Solitary Hill) Park in Hangzhouhas recently embellished its land-scape with over 50 sculptures, byartists from China, the U.S., the U.K., Italy,the Republic of Korea and Slovakia.

CLAY BUDDHIST SCULPTURES

Asang in His Clay Sculpture Studio One year after I had interviewed Asang I was to meet him again. The workshop was still called"Clay Statues Shop"located in the Barkor Street.Stepping inside,I was greeting by his two little apprentices.It seemed that they easily recognized me and smiled happily at me.