Research progress on the anti-tumor effect of Codonopsis pilosula

Currently,the mortality rate of malignant tumors ranks second globally,surpassed only by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The treatment of malignant tumors poses a formidable challenge to both modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).To date,TCM has developed a substantial foundational theoretical understanding and accumulated significant clinical experience in combating tumors.According to TCM foundational theories,"Qi deficiency"is a critical symptom associated with cancer,and"fortifying the body's vitality while expelling pathogens"is the cornerstone of TCM's approach to tumor treatment and bodily balance.Codonopsis pilosula(CP),a Qi-invigorating herb,is known to invigorat the spleen,benefit the lungs,nourish the blood,and promote bodily fluids.It is often employed as a substitute for ginseng in clinical settings.Prolonged clinical observations have identified key active constituents of CP,such as Codonopsis polysaccharides,isoimperatorin,saponins,lobetyolin,sesquiterpene lactones,and muscone.These ingredients exhibit various therapeutic properties,including anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-infective,antioxidant,and hematopoiesis-enhancing effects.Additionally,when CP is combined with other TCM herbs like Astragalus and Atractylodes macrocephala,it bolsters the body's vital energy and rejuvenates both Qi and blood.CP can be used in combination with chemotherapy agents to mitigate the adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Moreover,CP demonstrates potential in preventing precancerous lesions.This review summarizes recent research findings on the anti-tumor properties of CP,elucidates the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of its active components,provides a basis for promoting the utilization of CP resources and its active constituents,and offers insights for the research and development of new anti-tumor drugs.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Effects of Panax ginseng,Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on Sexual Maturity of SD Female Rats

[Objectives] To study the effects of Panax ginseng,Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on the growth and development of SD female rats. [Methods] The rats were randomly divided into control group,P. ginseng group,C. pilosula group,and P. heterophylla group,intragastrically administered with physiological saline,P. ginseng,C. pilosula,and P. heterophylla for 2 weeks,daily vaginal smear inspection was performed,estradiol( E_2) level before and after intervention was detected,rats were dissected,took out ovary and uterus,and calculated the ovarian index and uterus index. [Results]In 4 groups of rats,there was no significant difference in the time of sexual maturity and ovarian index; compared with the control group,E_2 level of C. pilosula group and P. ginseng group were higher( P < 0. 05);compared with the control group and P. heterophylla group,the ovarian index of P. ginseng group was higher( P < 0. 05); compared with the control group,the body weight of three administration groups increased much more( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] P. ginseng and C. pilosula may lead to sexual maturity of SD female rats,while P. ginseng,C. pilosula and P. heterophylla can promote increase of body weight of SD female rats.

Inspection Methods and Quality Grading Standards for Codonopsis pilosula Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the inspection methods and quality grading standards for Codonopsis pilosula seeds. [Method] A total of 27 shares of C. pilosula seeds were collected and surveyed from six counties in Shanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The inspection methods of various indicators, such as purity, 1 000-grain weight, germination rate, vitality and moisture content, were investigated in accordance with Rules for Agricultural Seed Testing （GB/T 3543.1-7, 1995）, to develop the appropriate quality inspection method for C. pilosula seeds. Based on the developed inspection method and procedures, the quality of 27 shares of C. pilosula seed samples from different regions was inspected, thus es- tablishing quality grading standards for C. pilosula seeds with K-center clustering method. [Result] C. pilosula seeds are suitable to be cultivated in cool regions. The optimal germination temperature was 25 ~C; the optimal germination bed was gauze bed; the optimal staining conditions were： staining temperature 40 ~, TTC concen- tration 0.5%, staining time 4 h. On the basis of cluster analysis, the quality of C. pilosula seeds could be divided into three grades according to five indicators, includ- ing the purity, 1 000-grain weight, moisture content, vitality, and germination rate. Specifically, vitality and germination rate were important factors of grading standards due to the significant differences, followed by purity, 1 000-grain weight and mois- ture content. [Conclusion] This study provided an important basis for standardized cultivation and industrial development of C. pilosula.

Protective effect and its mechanism of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on memory consolidation disorder induced by cycloheximide in mice

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide(CPPS)on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice.METHODS The mice was divided into five groups,as normal control group,cycloheximid model group,piracetam positive control group,CPPS 300 mg·kg^(-1) group,and CPPS150 mg·kg^(-1) group.The mice respectively were given saline,piracetam,and CPPS for 15 d.The memory consolidation disorder model in mice was established by ip.Cyclohexylamine,and orally administered CPPS(300 mg·kg^(-1) or 150 mg·kg^(-1))every day.Then experimental groups were subjected Morris Water Maze test.Western blotting analysis were used to analysis the expression of Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.RESULTS Morris water maze experiment showed that cyclohexylamine can cause memory consolidation disorder(P<0.01),and giving piracetam and CPPS(300 mg·kg-1)can improve spatial memory impairment in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blotting experiment results show that compared with normal control group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain in model group mice had significant decreased(P<0.001);Compared with model group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain tissue in piracetam and CPPS groups increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Cycloheximide can induce the memory consolidation disorder,and its effect in mice related to Ca MK/CREB signaling pathways.CPPS can improved this memory disorder by influence Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.

Effects of Different Storage Methods and Storage Time on the Quality of Codonopsis pilosula

[Objectives]To study the effects of different storage methods and storage time on the quality of Codonopsis pilosula.[Methods]Experiment was performed by setting three different storage methods and times.[Results]When stored for 12 months,the extract content in the natural storage,conventional sealing,and controlled atmosphere storage was slightly lower than 77.32%before storage,and decreased by 2.82%,3.62%,and 1.71%,respectively.When stored for 18 months,the extract content was 74.14%,73.21%,and 72.08%,decreased by 4.11%,5.31%,and 6.78%,respectively compared with that before storage,all of which met the specified content in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]The three storage times had significant effects on moisture and extract content of C.pilosula,but had no significant effects on atractylenolide III.With the extension of storage time,the moisture,extract,and content declined,so the storage time theoretically should not exceed 12 months.

Effects of Different Seedling Grades on Yield and Commercial Quality of Codonopsis pilosula

[Objectives] This study was conducted to further explore the yield increasing potential of Codonopsis pilosula, and to seek seedlings suitable for efficient production of C. pilosula. [Methods] The effects of C. pilosula seedlings of different sizes on root yield and commercial quality under different cultivation densities were studied. [Results] The fourth-grade seedlings had the least input, the highest yield of 6 948 kg/hm^2, the largest output-to-input ratio at 18.3, the highest root weight proportion of the second-grade product at 58.1%, and the lowest root weight proportion of the first-grade product at 17.6%. Considering the yield, quality and economic benefits comprehensively, the treatment of the fourth-grade seedlings(seedling diameter≤4 mm) is the best choice, and the suitable plant spacing is 8 cm×22 cm. [Conclusions] The study provided a reference basis for the cost saving and efficiency improvement of C. pilosula production.

In vitro Propagation of Codonopsis pilosula"Fengdang"

[Objectives]The paper was to establish in vitro propagation of an excellent germplasm of Codonopsis pilosula"Fengdang".[Methods]The effects of different plant growth regulators on callus induction and redifferentiation were tested by using sterile stem explants in vitro that germinated from seeds of superior"Fengdang"plant.[Results]The optimum medium for callus induction was MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 16-BA.The optimal medium for bud differentiation was MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA,and that for rooting was 1/2 MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA.By using the media mentioned above,the rates of callus induction,bud differentiation and rooting reached 91%,100%and 97%,respectively.[Conclusions]The rapid propagation system of regenerated plants in vitro established in this study lays a foundation for the popularization and industrialized seedling of excellent germplasm of"Fengdang".

An inulin-type fructan CP-A from Codonopsis pilosula attenuates experimental colitis in mice by promoting autophagy-mediated inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome

Inulin-type fructan CP-A,a predominant polysaccharide in Codonopsis pilosula,demonstrates regulatory effects on immune activity and anti-inflammation.The efficacy of CP-A in treating ulcerative colitis(UC)is,however,not well-established.This study employed an in vitro lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced colonic epithelial cell model(NCM460)and an in vivo dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model to explore CP-A’s protective effects against experimental colitis and its underlying mechanisms.We monitored the clinical symptoms in mice using various parameters:body weight,disease activity index(DAI),colon length,spleen weight,and histopathological scores.Additionally,molecular markers were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),immunofluorescence(IF),immunohistochemistry(IHC),and Western blotting assays.Results showed that CP-A significantly reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukins(IL-6,IL-1β,IL-18)in LPS-induced cells while increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels and enhancing the expression of Claudin-1,ZO-1,and occludin proteins in NCM460 cells.Correspondingly,in vivo findings revealed that CPA administration markedly improved DAI,reduced colon shortening,and decreased the production of myeloperoxidase(MPO),malondialdehyde(MDA),ROS,IL-1β,IL-18,and NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome-associated genes/proteins in UC mice.CP-A treatment also elevated glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels,stimulated autophagy(LC3B,P62,Beclin-1,and ATG5),and reinforced Claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression,thereby aiding in intestinal epithelial barrier repair in colitis mice.Notably,the inhibition of autophagy via chloroquine(CQ)diminished CP-A’s protective impact against colitis in vivo.These findings elucidate that CP-A’s therapeutic effect on experimental colitis possibly involves mitigating intestinal inflammation through autophagymediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation.Consequently,inulin-type fructan CP-A emerges as a promising drug candidate for UC treatment.

Research on anti-pancreatic cancer mechanism of Codonopsis codonopsis based on network pharmacology

Objective:The mechanism of Dangshen(Codonopsis pilosula)in treating pancreatic cancer(PC)was explored by network pharmacology technology and platform.Methods:The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP)was used to collect the effective compounds and potential targets of C.pilosula,and the genes associated with PC were obtained through the GeneCards database,the interaction genes between the effective compound targets of C.pilosula and PC targets were explored by the Venny method.The following mapping the interaction genes into a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the key targets were screened.Finally,the interactive genes were imported into the DAVID database for gene ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signal enrichment.Results:Twenty-one effective compounds and 98 downstream target genes of C.pilosula were screened through the TCMSP database.A total of 1,278 PC target genes were obtained through the GeneCards database,and the number of overlap genes between C.pilosula targets and PC related genes was 54,of which 10 were key node genes,namely CASP3,TP53,MDM2,AKT1,ESR1,BCL2L1,MCL1,HSP90AA1,CASP9,and CCND.These interactive genes involved a total of 30 typical GO terms and 20 KEGG signals.Conclusion:C.pilosula may play a role in treating PC through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-signal pathways.

党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程

化肥农药减施增效可助力党参产业绿色健康发展。为更好地指导甘肃省党参种植生产中化肥和农药施用,针对党参种植生产中化肥农药过量施用、养分利用率低、防控过度依赖化学农药等问题,经过多年试验研究和生产示范,从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、产地环境、化肥减施、种苗移栽、田间管理、主要病虫害防控、采收等方面总结提出了党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨党参防治免疫性血小板减少症的分子机制

目的:采用网络药理学、差异基因分析、分子对接方法初步阐明党参治疗免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的分子机制。方法:在传统中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)、传统中药综合数据库(TCMID)和中医药百科全书数据库(ETCM)中检索党参的主要成分和相应的蛋白质靶标。在GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET数据库收集ITP的靶点,构建韦恩图获得复合靶标和疾病的交集靶点,并将靶标导入STRING数据库,使用Cytoscape3.9.1构建PPI网络。接着对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,以探索ITP与党参的相关信号通路,最后对关键靶点和活性化合物进行分子对接研究。结果:共获得党参的84种潜在活性化合物、2354个疾病靶点与257个药物靶点,并得到86个交集靶点。通过蛋白互相作用网络图(PPI)分析确定了15个关键靶点,Degree值排名前5位的靶点包括血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、Src原癌基因(SRC)、白细胞介素2(IL2)、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARG)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。GO和KEGG分析表明,党参治疗ITP主要涉及ERK1和ERK2级联的正向调控、信号转导、蛋白质磷酸化等生物学过程,信号通路主要包括PI3K/Akt、癌症通路、T细胞信号通路。分子对接结果表明,SRC、PPARG与11-hydroxyrankinidine具有较高的结合活性。肉豆蔻酸、乙基α-d果糖呋喃糖苷、黄豆黄素是重要的活性化合物并通过分子对接模拟进行验证。结论:本研究从多个角度阐明党参可能通过调节多个靶点和多条途径对ITP产生治疗作用,可为进一步深入研究党参对ITP的作用提供科学依据。

党参多糖对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响

目的探究党参多糖(CPP)调节核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)信号通路对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,CPP低、中、高剂量组(CPP 10、20、40 mg/kg)及ML385组(Nrf2抑制剂ML38530 mg/kg联用CPP 40 mg/kg),每组10只,采用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍联合不规律饮食法建立CAG大鼠模型后,连续给药6周。HE染色观察胃黏膜组织病理形态变化;检测血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)、胃蛋白酶(PP)及胃黏膜组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;TUNEL染色观察胃黏膜组织细胞凋亡情况;免疫组化法观察胃黏膜组织Nrf2、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)相关X蛋白(Bax)表达;Western blot法检测胃黏膜组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜组织损伤;GAS、MTL、PP、SOD水平,Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);MDA、TNF-α、IL-8水平,细胞凋亡指数,Bax蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,CPP低、中、高剂量组胃黏膜组织病理有不同程度改善;各定量指标均显著逆转(P<0.05);Nrf2抑制剂ML385可显著减弱高剂量CPP对CAG大鼠上述指标的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论CPP能改善CAG大鼠胃黏膜损伤,抑制氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路有关。

北方根结线虫在党参上的群体动态及世代循环

【目的】明确甘肃省党参上北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)的群体动态和世代循环,以期为根结线虫病的综合防治提供科学依据。【方法】2021年,通过田间定点连续取样对土壤中的北方根结线虫2龄幼虫和根组织中各虫态进行分离和镜检计数。【结果】在甘肃省,从4月上旬开始,北方根结线虫在党参上1年发生4代,平均每代历期为36 d,完成1代最短需要28 d,最长为53 d。田间气温和降水量对北方根结线虫发育影响较大,当田间气温为18℃、降水量为141~176 mm时,北方根结线虫发育较快,完成1代平均为30 d。【结论】本研究明确了北方根结线虫在甘肃省党参上的群体动态及世代循环,对该线虫病的及时防控具有指导意义。

土培和水培条件下两种党参有效成分含量的比较

采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法测定了室内土培和水培条件下渭党和纹党中紫丁香苷、党参炔苷和苍术内酯Ⅲ3种活性成分的含量,以期比较室内不同栽养方式对2种党参有效成分积累水平的影响.色谱流动相采用乙腈(A)-0.3%磷酸水溶液(B),体积流量为1 mL·min^(-1),检测波长为220 nm,柱温为30℃.结果表明,3种受测成分在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(R 2>0.9998),土培纹党中紫丁香苷、苍术内酯Ⅲ含量较高,分别为0.025,0.020 mg·g^(-1);水培渭党中党参炔苷含量较高,为3.944 mg·g^(-1).实验重复性和稳定性良好,精密度和准确性可靠.2种栽养条件下,纹党和渭党中3种活性成分含量差异显著,研究结果可为党参栽培方式的选择和优良品种的筛选提供数据参考.

不同国家(地区)党参药材质量标准比较

目的 通过比较不同国家(地区)党参药材质量标准,为中国党参药材质量标准提升研究提供依据。方法 分析比较现行2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》、第18版《日本药局方》、第11.0版《欧洲药典》、《香港中药材标准》、第9版《中华药典》和第12版《韩国药典》中党参药材的质量标准要求。结果 各药典对党参基原、性状、鉴别、含量测定、检查项、中药饮片等各检测项均有差异。结论 中国党参质量标准有待完善,建议中国药典党参药材增加党参、素花党参和川党参3个种的记载,以及党参指纹图谱、含量测定、农药残留、重金属、中药饮片方面的检测项。

党参秸秆水浸提液对中药种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为明确不同质量浓度党参(Codonopsis pilosula)秸秆水浸提液对蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)、黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)和柴胡(Bupleurum chinense DC)3种中药种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,设置0、0.025、0.050、0.100、0.200 g/mL 5个党参秸秆水浸提液质量浓度,研究其对上述3种中药种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明,党参秸秆水浸提液明显降低了3种中药种子的发芽率与发芽指数,且水浸提液质量浓度越高抑制作用越大。党参秸秆水浸提液对3种中药幼苗生长的化感作用存在差异,不同质量浓度均对蒙古黄芪幼苗苗高表现为促进作用,对其根长、幼苗鲜质量和干质量均表现为低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制;党参秸秆水浸提液高质量浓度抑制黄芩幼苗苗高,但不同质量浓度对黄芩幼苗根长、鲜质量和干质量均表现为促进作用;党参秸秆水浸提液不同质量浓度对柴胡幼苗生长均表现为较强的抑制作用。党参秸秆水浸提液对3种中药种子萌发均具有化感抑制作用,对蒙古黄芪和黄芩幼苗生长指标的化感效应存在差异。党参秸秆水浸提液对3种中药的综合化感效应指数的影响也存在差异,对黄芩的综合化感效应指数值均大于0,表现为促进作用;0.025 g/mL党参秸秆水浸提液处理对蒙古黄芪的综合化感效应指数大于0,表现为促进作用,其余质量浓度下其综合化感效应指数均小于0,表现为抑制作用;对柴胡的综合化感效应指数值均小于0,表现为抑制作用。与蒙古黄芪和黄芩相比,党参秸秆水浸提液对柴胡抑制作用较强。

发酵党参黄酒的营养及功效成分分析

该研究以发酵党参为原料制备发酵党参黄酒(FCHJ),以党参黄酒(CHJ)为对照,测定FCHJ中的总酚、总黄酮及氨基酸含量、矿物元素及体外抗氧化活性,并采用小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖实验、RAW264.7细胞的增殖和吞噬作用及NO的释放量探讨发酵党参黄酒多糖(FCHJ-CP)体外免疫调节活性。结果表明,FCHJ中总酚及总黄酮含量较对照增加了32.53%及60.79%;FCHJ共检出17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸8种,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量35.53%;两种黄酒营养丰富、呈味良好,均富含K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Zn等人体必需矿物元素。FCHJ对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基最大清除率分别为97%、98%、100%。FCHJ-CP质量浓度为200μg/m L时,可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.05)、极显著促进RAW264.7细胞增殖和吞噬以及促进NO的释放(P<0.01)。

党参多糖通过调控MAPK/NF-κB信号通路对脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织的保护作用

目的观察党参多糖对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤(ALI)小鼠肺组织的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法50只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,地塞米松组,党参多糖高剂量组(300 mg/kg)和党参多糖低剂量组(150 mg/kg)5个组。采用腹腔注射LPS法建立ALI小鼠模型。除对照组外,其余小鼠均根据分组给予灌胃给药。多参数肺功能检测系统检测小鼠0.3 s用力呼气量(FEV0.3)和用力肺活量(FVC)及其比值,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法检测小鼠肺组织病理学变化,瑞氏-吉姆萨染色法检测小鼠肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎性细胞分类和计数,ELISA法检测BALF中IL-1β、IL-6、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、TNF-α水平,Western blot法检测p-p38、p-IκB-α、p-p65蛋白表达量。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠出现了明显的肺病理损伤,FEV 0.3、FVC、FEV0.3/FVC检测值显著降低,肺组织湿质量/干质量(W/D)、BALF中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、IL-1β、IL-6、MPO、TNF-α水平、p-p38 MAPK、p-IκB-α、p-p65蛋白表达显著增高(P<0.05)。而党参多糖可缓解模型组小鼠上述变化。结论党参多糖可通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB通路,减轻急性肺损伤模型小鼠肺组织病理损伤,降低炎症因子水平,改善肺功能。

9种生物杀菌剂对党参根腐病菌的毒力测定及田间防效

为了探索生物杀菌剂对党参根腐病的防控效果,选用9种生物杀菌剂,对党参根腐病主要病原菌尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)进行了室内毒力测定,并开展了田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明:80%乙蒜素EC抑菌活性最强,EC_(50)为9.49μg/mL,其次为1%申嗪霉素SC、3%中生菌素WP,EC_(50)依次为24.49μg/mL、29.56μg/mL;10亿cfu/g哈茨木霉DP、4%小檗碱AS、10%多抗霉素WP的抑菌活性略低,EC_(50)依次为51.01μg/mL、55.74μg/mL、498.45μg/mL。田间试验结果表明:10%多抗霉素WP的效果最好,防效为44.72%;其次为80%乙蒜素EC与10亿cfu/g哈茨木霉DP,防效分别为41.93%和41.78%。