Stochastic Analysis Method of Sea Environment Simulated by Numerical Models

This paper proposes the stochastic analysis method of sea environment simulated by numerical models, such as wave height, current field, design sea levels and longshore sediment transport. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of input and output factors of numerical models, their long-term distribution and confidence intervals are described in this paper.

Seasonal distribution of macrobenthos and its relationship with environmental factors in Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Macrobenthos samples were collected from the Yellow and East China Seas in four seasons during 2011 to 2012. The seasonal distribution of macrobenthos and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. A total of 562 macrobenthic species were identified, with polychaetes and mollusks accounting for 67% of the total number of species. A similarity percentage(SIMPER) analysis showed that the dominant species were bivalve mollusks in the Yellow Sea and small-sized polychaetes in the East China Sea. A two-factor analysis of variance showed significant seasonal variations in species number, density and diversity index, and significant regional differences of biomass and density. Two-factor community similarity analysis also showed significant seasonal and regional differences in macrobenthic communities. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the main environmental factors af fecting the macrobenthic communities were water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and inorganic nitrogen. The results demonstrate significant regional differences and seasonal variations in macrobenthos in the two seas. Sediment properties and water mass characteristics are speculated to be the causes of regional differences.

Analysis of the sealing performance of combined sealing structure under deep-sea high pressure environment

For the requirement of safe and stable operation,the combined sealing structure was used for reciprocating motion in the deep sea high-pressure environment,and the effects of different seawater depths and shaft movement speed on the sealing performance of the combined sealing structure were studied.The change rule of the sealing performance of the combined sealing structure of reciprocating motion under different working conditions is proved.The study shows that in the combined sealing structure of reciprocating movement,the Von Mises stress and the contact stress of the O-ring varies with the direction of the shaft movement.The Von Mises stress and contact stress of the O-ring,the Von Mises stress and the contact stress on each sealing lip of the slip ring gradually increase with the increasing of seawater depths.At the same time,the Von Mises stress of the O-ring which in the process of the shaft upward movement is greater than the shaft downward movement,making the shaft upward movement more likely to cause the O-ring relaxation and fatigue.The shaft movement speed has no significant influence on the Von Mises stress and contact stress of the O-ring.The research results provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the selection and optimization of the geometrical parameters of the combined sealing structure in the deep-sea high-pressure environment.

RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES IN CHINAS COASTAL AREAS

Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2-3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21st century. It will result in a series of adverse impacts on evolution of natural environment and socioeconomic development of the coastal area. This paper analyses environmental and resource effects induced by relative sea level rise in China's coastal areas on the basis of rough estimate of future relative sea level rise. These effects include inundating tidal flat and wetlands and increase in inundated risk of coastal habitable land,exacerbating storm surge. coastal erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion hazards.as well as endangering land. water. tourism and living resources and their utilization.

Distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in Beibu Gulf,South China Sea

This study aims to explore the distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf, a natural semi-enclosed part of the South China Sea, surrounded by China and Vietnam. Meiofauna and ten benthic environmental factors were determined at 27 sampling stations in the Beibu Gulf in four surveys during 2006 2007. The results show a clear geographical trend in meiofaunal abundance, water depth, salinity and clay content. The meiofaunal abundance and the clay content decreased, whereas the water depth and the salinity increased from the north to the south of the Gulf. The percentage of meiofaunal abundance in the 0 2 cm layer increased, whereas in the 2-5 cm and 5 10 cm layers it decreased from the north to the south of the Gulf. Correlation analysis show significant negative correlations between meiofaunal abundance and water depth, benthic temperature, salinity and pH, but significant positive correlations between meiofaunal abundance and dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and clay content.

Phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters in aquaculture areas of Daya Bay,South China Sea

Environmental characteristics and phytoplankton community structure were investigated in two aquaculture areas in Dapeng Cove of Daya Bay, South China Sea, between April 2005 and June 2006. Phytoplankton abundance ranged between 5.0 and 8877.5 cells/mL, with an average of 751.8 cells/mL. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton were demonstrated by frequent oscillations, with recurrent high abundances from late spring to autumn and a peak stage in late winter. Diatoms were the predominant phytoplankton group, accounting for 93.21% of the total abundance. The next most abundant group was the dinoflagellates, which made up only 1.24% of total abundance. High concentrations of Alexandrium tamarense （Lebour） Balech with a maximum of 603.0 cells/mL were firstly recorded in this area known for high rates of paralytic shellfish poisoning （PSP） contamination. Temperatures and salinities were within the suitable values for the growth of phytoplankton, and were important in phytoplankton seasonal fluctuations. The operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station （DNPS） exerts influences on the phytoplankton community and resulted in the high abundances of toxic dinoflagellate species during the winter months. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were sufficient, and rarely limited for the growth of phytoplankton. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） was the most necessary element for phytoplankton growth. The enriched environments accelerated the growth of small diatoms, and made for the shift in predominant species from large diatom Rhizosolenia spp. to chain-forming diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassiosira subtilis.

Research on Public Participation and Information Publicity in Strategic Environmental Assessment

It has been generally recognized that strategic environmental assessment integrates environment and development into decision-making and becomes an important decision-making tool for implementing sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the relationships of SEA, public participation(PP)and information publicity(IP),then discusses the key parts in enforcing the effective process of PP: They are the methods for how to make sufficient information open (What), when to implement PP (When), who will determinate the public (Who), and how to make the models of PP (How). Six cases are compared and analyzed. At last, ways to improve the effectiveness of PP in China is also presented.

The progress of strategic environmental assessment （SEA）： Studies and practices in the mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan of China

Strategic environmental assessment （SEA） is the process to evaluate, in a systematic way, the possible environmental impacts caused by decision making such as policy, plan, and program. It is of highly significance to improve decision-making. This article reviewed the researches on SEA as well as its practices in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the mainland of China. The regulations, methodologies, and effect of practices were compared. The regulations on SEA had been enacted at three places respectively. With the largest spatial area and rapid economic development pace, the mainland has carded out more SEA practices recently than the other two places, but their final effect still need to be confirmed. It was said that Hong Kong had acquired considerable experiences on SEA, while practice of SEA at Taiwan lagged behind.

Distribution of chlorophyll a, photosynthesis and their relations to the environmental factors in the Central South China Sea

Some studies have been made on the variation of primary productivity in the Central South ChinaSea. This paper studies comprehensively the characteristics of chlorophyll a distributions in time andspace and the primary productivity, as well their relations to the environmental factors.Materals and methods During the comprehensive investigation in the Central South China Sea from September 1983 toDecember 1984, the distributions of chlorophyll a and primary productivity were studied. Figure 1shows the sampling stations and their range of investigation.

Soil Cover in the Eastern Part of the Dried Bed of the Aral Sea

The greatest environmental disaster in Central Asiathe drying up of the Aral Seahas led to the formation of a new terrain, extending over 2.7 million hectares in Uzbekistan. This newly formed terrain is dynamically developing, with emerging soil formations replacing bottom sediments. This paper analyzes the results of a study on soil formation in the eastern part of the dried-up seabed, focusing on the influence of natural processes occurring there.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Present Situation of Environmental Quality in the Sea Area near the Aojiang Estuary in Wenzou

Based on the monitoring results of environmental quality in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary in Wenzou during 2010-2012,the present situation of environmental quality in the sea area was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that p H,DO,CODMn,petroleum,and heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As and Cr) in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary did not exceed the second-class standard of Seawater Quality Standard( GB 3097-1997),but both inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate in the sea area exceeded the second-class standard seriously,and the water quality of the sea area was in an eutrophic state; domestic sewage and fertilizer loss were the main sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. The standard index of most evaluation factors of sediment quality except for Zn was smaller than 1,meeting the demands of sediment quality for environmental protection.

防污剂Sea-Nine211的环境归宿及其生态毒性研究进展

Sea-Nine211因易降解、生物富集性小而成为世界上广泛使用的新型防污剂。目前关于Sea-Nine211在环境中的迁移、转化和稳定性等的研究资料很少,为评估Sea-Nine211对环境生态系统造成的潜在危害,文章就其在水环境中的转归及其生态毒性等方面进行综述,并对今后的研究方向作了展望。

战略环境评价(SEA)及其研究进展

战略环境评价 ( SEA)是目前环境评价领域中令人关注的前沿课题 .本文对 SEA的提出和发展进行了回顾 ,对国外开展SEA的实践进行了归纳分析 ,探讨了 SEA的作用、区域特征、评价因素、基本程序、技术方法和机制 ,论述了 SEA与项目 EIA的关系 ,并介绍了香港和内地 SEA的初步实践 .

The corrosion behavior of Mg-Nd binary alloys in the harsh marine environment

The corrosion behavior of Mg-Nd binary alloys in the harsh South China Sea environment was researched by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis.In order to explain the corrosion mechanism,corrosion resistance was analyzed by weight loss rate and electrochemical measurement in the laboratory.With a continuous enlargement of Nd-content,Mg 12 Nd phases increased and multiplied.The weight loss rate of Mg-0.5Nd alloy was 0.0436 mg·cm^(-2)·y^(-1)(0.0837 mm·y^(-1)),whereas that of Mg-1.5Nd alloy was 0.0294 mg·cm^(-2)·y^(-1)(0.0517 mm·y^(-1))during the exposure corrosion in the South China Sea site.The mechanical strength of Mg-1.5Nd alloy was 148 MPa before the exposure in the harsh marine environment,while the residual mechanical strength was merely about 94 MPa after the exposure test.Both Mg-1.5Nd alloy and Mg-1.0Nd alloy occurred the brittle fracture,which resulted that the elongation was nearly equal to zero.The self-corrosion current density demonstrated that degradation rate of Mg-Nd binary alloys was as follows:Mg-0.5Nd>Mg-1.0Nd>Mg-1.5Nd.For the South China Sea corrosion site,a large amount of sea salts exited in the atmospheric environment.Due to the heavy rainfall and high humidity,sodium chloride in the atmospheric environment dissolved,more serious electrochemical corrosion occurred on the surface of Mg-Nd binary alloys.

中国战略环境评价(SEA)研究进展及发展趋势

自1990年战略环境评价引入中国以来,SEA在中国已经有了很大发展。中国政府已于2002年颁布了《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》(以下称"环评法"),该法中明确规定了对各级政府制定的规划需要进行SEA。通过运用资料调查和文献分析等方法,针对环评法实施后中国SEA实践和学术研究成果进行分析,并探讨中国SEA主要层次-规划环境影响评价的研究现状,总结发展特点;结合中国国情提出中国SEA发展趋势。

战略环境影响评价(SEA)与可持续发展

本文讨论了SEA开展的必要性 ,介绍了SEA的两种类型 ,论述了SEA与可持续发展的关系 ,并指出SEA是实现可持续发展的纽带。

实施战略环境评价(SEA)的基本框架设计及SEA管理模式的实现

根据中国实际状况 ,提出实施SEA的基本框架及应遵循的基本原则 ,从内部评价和外部评价两方面设计了相应的SEA管理模式 .同时 ,以上海即将实施规划层次环境影响评价为背景 ,以ASP技术为手段 ,开发了一个基于B S模式的SEA管理信息系统 (SEA MIS)

战略环境评价(SEA)和可持续发展

SEA的作用不仅仅在于将EIA(环境影响评价 )扩展到更具战略意义的决策层 ,它还是迈向可持续发展的关键一步。它有助于从政策到计划、规划 ,以至最后的项目遵循可持续发展目标。SEA是联系目前正在进行的项目EIA和使人类活动达到维持环境质量这一目标的纽带。文章讨论了SEA开展的必要性 ,介绍了SEA的 2种类型 ,结合英国开展的实例 ,论述了“遵循型”SEA的主要内容及其应用前景。

高密度城市道路交通噪声的典型分布及其在战略环境评价(SEA)中的应用

分析了高密度城市道路交通噪声分布的特点 ,从噪声接受点评价的观点出发 ,以香港地区为例 ,研究不同建筑形态道路交通噪声的典型分布 .基本方法是采用简化的DoT模型计算道路交通噪声 ,以基于GIS的道路交通噪声评价预测系统为工具计算不同建筑类型各单元的噪声级 ,再统计出各型建筑的噪声分布 .通过Kolmogorov Smirnov检验证实这些分布来自于不同总体 ,具有显著的差异 .将上述计算结果运用于香港新界西北地区道路交通噪声的战略环境评价 .