Upper limits for chlorophyll a changes with brine volume in sea ice during the austral spring in the Weddell Sea,Antarctica

During the winter and spring of 2006, we investigated the sea ice physics and marine biology in the northwest Weddell Sea, Antarctica aboard R/V Polarstern. We determined the texture of each ice core and 71 ice crystal thin sections from 27 ice cores. We analyzed 393 ice cores, their temperatures, 348 block density and salinity samples,and 311 chlorophyll a（Chl a） and phaeophytin samples along the cruise route during the investigation. Based on the vertical distributions of 302 groups of data for the ice porosity and Chl a content in the ice at the same position, we obtained new evidence that ice physical parameters influence the Chl a content in ice. We collected snow and ice thickness data, and established the effects of the snow and ice thickness on the Chl a blooms under the ice, as well as the relationships between the activity of ice algae cells and the brine volume in ice according to the principle of environmental control of the ecological balance. We determined the upper limits for Chl a in the brine volume of granular and columnar ice in the Antarctica, thereby demonstrating the effects of ice crystals on brine drainage, and the contributions of the physical properties of sea ice to Chl a blooms near the ice bottom and on the ice-water interface in the austral spring. Moreover, we found that the physical properties of sea ice affect ice algae and they are key control elements that modulate marine phytoplankton blooms in the ice-covered waters around Antarctica.

Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in sea ice brine sampled from the Canada Basin,Arctic Ocean

Bacterial diversity in sea ice brine samples which collected from four stations located at the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Twenty-three 16S rDNA sequences of bacteria obtained from DGGE bands were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these sequences within γ-proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flexlbacter-Bacteroides （CFB） group, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The phylotype of Pseudoalteromonas in the γ-proteobacteria was predominant and members of the CFB group and γ-proteobacteria were highly abundant in studied sea ice brine samples.

Ocean Mixing with Lead-Dependent Subgrid Scale Brine Rejection Parameterization in a Climate Model

Sea ice thickness is highly spatially variable and can cause uneven ocean heat and salt flux on subgrid scales in climate models.Previous studies have demonstrated improvements in ocean mixing simulation using parameterization schemes that distribute brine rejection directly in the upper ocean mixed layer.In this study,idealized ocean model experiments were conducted to examine modeled ocean mixing errors as a function of the lead fraction in a climate model grid.When the lead is resolved by the grid,the added salt at the sea surface will sink to the base of the mixed layer and then spread horizontally.When averaged at a climate-model grid size,this vertical distribution of added salt is lead-fraction dependent.When the lead is unresolved,the model errors were systematic leading to greater surface salinity and deeper mixed-layer depth(MLD).An empirical function was developed to revise the added-salt-related parameter n from being fixed to lead-fraction dependent.Application of this new scheme in a climate model showed significant improvement in modeled wintertime salinity and MLD as compared to series of CTD data sets in 1997/1998 and 2006/2007.The results showed the most evident improvement in modeled MLD in the Arctic Basin,similar to that using a fixed n=5,as recommended by the previous Arctic regional model study,in which the parameter n obtained is close to 5 due to the small lead fraction in the Arctic Basin in winter.

Characteristics analysis and model prediction of sea-salt water intrusion in lower reaches of the Weihe River,Shandong Province,China

Marine sedimentary strata are widely distributed in the coastal zone of the study area, and are rich in brine resources. The exploitation of underground water resources often first caused the intrusion of salt water in the marine strata. Based on the analysis of sea-salt water intrusion feature, the sea-salt water intrusion is divided into four stages: The occurrence and development stage(1976–1985), the rapid development stage(1986–1990), the slow development stage(1990–2000) and the stable development stage(2000–2015). Based on the comparative analysis of the relationship between seawater intrusion and influencing factors, this paper presents that the groundwater exploitation and the brine resources mining are the main control factors of sea-salt water intrusion. On this basis, we have established a numerical model of the sea-salt water intrusion. Using this model, we predicted the development trend of the sea-salt water intrusion. The results show that if the current development of groundwater and brine is maintained, the sea-salt water intrusion will gradually withdraw; once development of brine stops, sea-salt water will invade again. This provides the scientific basis for the rational exploitation of groundwater and the prevention of sea-salt water intrusion.

Hydrochemistry of the Mixed Dead Sea-Red Sea Water under Different Impoundment Scenarios as a Time Dependent State

The expected water mixing process between Red/Dead Sea water during the proposed conveyance projects is the main target of this research. The project will ensue transporting Red Sea water to recover and maintain certain level of the Dead Sea, mostly will reach -395 m. It is found that, the two different water bodies with different EC values or different densities (salinities) are relatively divided by stable plane. This plane is defined as the BARZACH PLANE. In this study, the mixing process occurred between the Red Sea with the Dead Sea waters, located at 20% - 24% of the Dead Sea column depth based on the Barzach Plane level. During a laboratory experimental work, it is found that the mixed Red/Dead Sea water evaporates in a high rate until certain level where the solution attains oversaturated conditions with different dissolved solids. At this stage, a thin layer of solids suddenly formed and floated at the surface of the dense brine. The salinity of the captured water is so dense that floated salt layer cannot be dissolved. In addition, the formed floated salt layer at the surface prevents the below captured water to evaporate and at this stage, stalactites start to form until the excess dissolved solids are not oversaturated with any mineral.

渤海南岸地区早期盐业生产原料、淋卤和煮盐工具问题

渤海南岸地区在晚商至西周早期、东周、魏晋、隋唐、蒙元时期盐业生产原料使用浓度较大的地下卤水,不存在采用淋灰取卤方式提高卤水浓度,使用的煮盐工具多为器腹较深的陶器和金属器。煮盐工具在盐灶上的摆放方式尤其是在晚商至西周、东周时期存在较大差异。

海盐苦卤对玉米青枯病菌生长的影响(英文)

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effect of sea brine on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. [ Method] The inhibition rate of sea brine against F. gram/nearum was measured using mycelial growth rate method. The inhibition effect of sea brine against infection of F. gram/nearum on maize was measured through leaf culture method in vitro. [Result] With the decrease of sea brine concentration, its inhibition against F. gram/nearum had no remarkable regulation, which first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased. It had the best inhibition effect as the concentration was 0.005 0% with the inhibition rate of 31.2%. 0.050 0% sea brine had the best inhibition effect against the infection of F. graminearum with the inhibition rate of 44.3%. [ Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for the application of sea brine in the aspects of plant diseases and vests control

锂提取方法研究进展与展望

随着锂资源应用领域的拓宽,含锂矿石、含锂盐湖卤水和海水中蕴藏的锂资源已成为当前研究的重要对象。本文首先简单介绍了锂资源研究现状,然后重点总结和比较了从不同来源中提取锂的方法,其中包括:采用硫酸法从花岗伟晶岩矿石中提取锂,运用碳酸盐沉淀法、溶剂萃取法和吸附法提取盐湖卤水和海水中的锂资源。另外,笔者还对煤中伴生锂提取的前景进行了探讨,最后对上述提取方法的优缺点进行了总结。

南海北部沉积盆地油田水水化学特征及其成因分析

油田水是沉积盆地中的重要流体,研究其水文地球化学特征对油气生成、富集等有重要指示意义。为进一步研究南海珠江口盆地珠三拗陷和北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷油田水的特征和成因,分别在珠三坳陷的珠江组和珠海组采集油田水样5个,在涠西南凹陷的涠洲组采集油田水样4个,对研究区油田水进行了常规阴阳离子含量、D和18O同位素组成分析。结果显示:珠江口和北部湾盆地油田水溶解性总固体总体较高,均为Cl—Na型水,油田水各特征离子间关系(钠氯系数、氯镁系数、钙镁系数)和氢氧同位素关系共同显示两处油田水均起源于海水并储存于封闭性较好的地层中,在埋藏过程中可能还经历了较小程度的蒸发和降水补给,并推测其形成受薄膜渗滤作用影响。

自来水、海水和食盐溶液中新型碳钢缓蚀剂的研究

研制了自来水、海水和食盐溶液中新型碳钢缓蚀剂各两种,这些缓蚀剂不仅高效、廉价,而且无毒和容易使用。

渤海地区晚第四纪环境演化与第四纪滨海相地下卤水的形成

由于气候变化和新构造运动,渤海曾发生多次海陆演化,从而形成了第四纪地下卤水。间冰期的海侵提供了形成地下卤水的水源,气候波动产生了海水浓缩的条件,而冰期海退过程中,陆源物质覆盖于海相沉积上,保存了地下卤水。对环境演化在“潮滩生卤”和“冰冻生卤”过程中重要作用的分析结果表明,在第四纪环境演变的过程中,两种生卤作用在地质时期卤水矿床形成中均具有重要意义,并且只要存在海水物源,就有可能形成地下卤水。

低浓度海盐苦卤处理对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以番茄种子及其幼苗为试验材料,以蒸馏水和0.40%氯化钠溶液为对照,研究番茄种子在海盐苦卤浓度为0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.40%处理下发芽率和发芽势。试验以Hoagland’s营养液及含0.40%和氯化钠的Hoagland’s营养液为对照,研究番茄幼苗在海盐苦卤浓度为0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.40%的Hoagland’s营养液处理下的株高、干重、鲜重、电导率、丙二醛含量及脯氨酸含量。结果表明:浓度为0.05%和0.10%海盐苦卤处理对番茄种子及幼苗无负面影响,且在一定程度上提高了番茄种子的发芽势,增加了番茄幼苗的株高、干重和鲜重,有效降低了番茄叶片的电导率,并且对番茄叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量及脯氨酸(PRO)含量影响很小;浓度为0.20%和0.40%海盐苦卤处理对番茄种子萌发无明显影响,对番茄幼苗的生长具有负面影响,且其负面影响低于同浓度氯化钠对番茄幼苗造成的影响。

陆相盐湖层序地层学研究简述

陆相盐湖盐源复杂多样,主要有陆源、海源和地壳深部三大类。前两类主要通过蒸发成盐,气候起着关键作用,形成的陆相盐湖低水位和高水位体系域中盐岩发育,湖侵体系域中盐岩相对不发育;第三类主要通过兑卤成盐,作为深层卤水通道的深大断裂的活动期次控制了盐岩的发育,盐岩主要发育在湖侵体系域,高水位体系域次之,低水位体系域中盐岩一般不发育。

渤海沿岸海冰单轴压缩强度的基本特性分析

海冰单轴压缩强度是寒区海洋工程中的一个重要设计参数,也是影响海冰动力学行为的主要因素。在2008-2012年间的三个冬季,对渤海沿岸的海冰单轴压缩强度进行了现场与室内试验,由此分析了其在温度、卤水体积和应力率下的基本特征。测试结果表明,海冰单轴压缩强度与其温度呈幂函数关系,与卤水体积平方根呈指数关系,与应力率呈线性关系。此外还分别在不同温度与卤水体积下确定了海冰单轴压缩强度上包络限的变化规律。最后,综合考虑卤水体积和应力率的影响,对海冰单轴压缩强度分布特征进行了分析。以上研究有助于揭示渤海海冰基本力学性质,为冰区结构设计和海冰动力学分析提供参考依据。

海冰蠕变特性试验研究

依据观察到的海冰蠕变过程,对垂直和平行于生长方向的两组圆柱状试样蠕变特性过程进行解释和曲线拟合。指出两组试样的破坏差异并得到海冰蠕变过程的排盐量与试样全应变量之间的关系。在试验参数分析中,还引用了同种试样的单轴瞬时抗压强度。

海盐苦卤对番茄早疫病菌的抑制及其对番茄叶片防御酶系的影响

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了海盐苦卤对番茄早疫病菌的抑制,通过测定PAL、CAT和PPO的变化,研究了海盐苦卤对番茄叶片防御酶系(苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL、过氧化氢酶CAT和多酚氧化酶PPO)的影响。结果表明:随着海盐苦卤浓度的降低,其对番茄早疫病菌作用表现为:抑制—促进—抑制,并在浓度为0.0050%具有最佳抑制效果,抑制率为42.3%;此外,浓度为0.050%的海盐苦卤处理能够提高番茄叶片PAL、CAT和PPO的活性。

渤海海冰断裂韧度试验

海冰的断裂韧度是近海结构冰荷载分析的重要参数,也是影响海冰断裂、重叠和堆积等动力行为的主要力学特性。2011—2012年冬季现场采集了渤海莱州湾的海冰试样,在室内低温环境下通过三点弯曲试验测得了不同温度、盐度和加载速率下的海冰断裂韧度KIC。结果表明,卤水体积(温度和盐度)和加载速率对KIC的影响比较显著。随温度和加载速率的降低,KIC值均会增大,且与卤水体积的平方根呈负指数关系。为极限破坏状态下海冰的断裂过程和冰荷载分析的参数选用提供了依据。

海盐苦卤对玉米青枯病菌生长的影响

[目的]研究海盐苦卤对玉米青枯病菌生长的影响。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定海盐苦卤对玉米青枯病菌的抑制率;采用叶片离体培养法测定海盐苦卤对玉米青枯病菌侵染玉米的抑制作用。[结果]随着海盐苦卤浓度的降低,其对玉米青枯病菌的抑制规律性不强,表现为随着海盐苦卤浓度的降低而先降低后升高再降低,在浓度为0.005 0%时具有最佳抑制效果,抑制率为31.2%;0.050 0%海盐苦卤对玉米青枯病菌侵染玉米具有最佳的抑制作用,抑制率为44.3%。[结论]研究结果为海盐苦卤在植物病害防治方面的应用奠定了理论基础。

海盐卤水脱色制备氢氧化镁的试验研究

以辽宁某地海盐卤水为原料,进行脱色处理,以氨水沉淀镁制备氢氧化镁。比较过氧化氢、活性炭、次氯酸钠和次氯酸钙脱色处理获得氢氧化镁产物白度,以及次氯酸钙处理镁离子回收率,并对产物进行XRD、激光粒度分布分析。结果表明,次氯酸钙脱色效果最明显,次氯酸钠其次,活性炭和过氧化氢较差。以次氯酸钙为脱色剂,通过单因素变量法分析,确定适宜的条件为:添加量为37.5 g/L卤水,以稀硫酸调节p H值为10,温度60℃,时间60 min,镁离子回收率为93.41%;以氨水沉淀得到氢氧化镁产物,D50为1.462μm,白度为96.5%,达到HG/T 3607-2007中I类标准和HG/T 4531-2013行业标准MC-1-2要求。

新立矿区海底金属矿坑与上覆海水的连通性分析

以新立矿区主采矿体为研究目标,经过现场水文地质调查、矿坑涌水的常量离子测试与相关分析,剔除显著正相关性的指标,考察各测试指标的物理意义,并选用Cl,K+和Ca2+的质量浓度以及环境指数γ(SO42)/γ(Cl)和γ(Na+)/γ(Cl)作为变量,对水样进行分层聚类,分析矿坑涌水的水文地球化学特征以及与上覆海水的连通性。研究结果表明:目前矿坑东北部沿脉巷道围岩裂隙涌水与海水化学性质较接近,说明控矿断裂下盘东北部岩体裂隙与海水连通性相对较好;矿坑西南部沿脉巷道及穿脉巷道围岩裂隙涌水与卤(咸)水化学性质较接近,目前该部位涌水以消耗基岩裂隙卤(咸)水净储量为主。