Ecological environment response of benthic foraminifera to heavy metals and human engineering: A case study from Jiaozhou Bay, China

The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development,and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay,which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious.In this study,55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering,and to assess the ecological risks of the bay.A total of 80 species,belonging to 42 genera,were identified in this study.The results showed that Cu,Pb,Cr,Hg,Zn,and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River,which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera.The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI(Foraminiferal Abnormality Index)and FMI(Foraminiferal Monitoring Index)occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay(Loushan River Estuary)had been seriously damaged.Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk.As a consequence,it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention.

Source analysis and risk evaluation of heavy metal in the river sediment of polymetallic mining area:Taking the Tonglüshan skarn type Cu-Fe-Au deposit as an example,Hubei section of the Yangtze River Basin,China

In this paper,25 sampling points of overlying deposits in Tonglushan mining area,Daye City,Hubei Province,China were tested for heavy metal content to explore pollution characteristics,pollution sources and ecological risks of heavy metals in sediments.A geo-accumulation index method was used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in the sediment.The mean sediment quality guideline quotient was used for evaluating the ecological risk level of heavy metal in the sediment.And a method of correlation analysis,clustering analysis,and principal component analysis was used for preliminary analysis on the source of heavy metal in the sediment.It was indicated that there was extremely heavy metal pollution in the sediment,among which Cd was extremely polluted,Cu strongly contaminated,Zn,As,and Hg moderately contaminated,and Pb,Cr,and Ni were slightly contaminated.It was also indicated by the mean sediment quality guideline-quotient result that there was a high ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment,and 64%of the sample sites had extremely high hidden biotoxic effects.For distribution,the contamination of branches was worse than that of the main channel of Daye Dagang,and the deposition of each heavy metal was mainly influenced by the distance from this sample site to the sewage draining exit of a tailings pond.The source analysis showed that the heavy metals in the sediment come from pollution discharging of mining and beneficiation companies,tailings ponds,smelting companies,and transport vehicles.In the study area,due to the influence of heavy metal discharging from these sources,the ecotoxicity of heavy metals in the sediment was extremely high,and Cd was the most toxic pollutant.The research figured out the key restoration area and elements for ecological restoration in the sediment of the Tonglüshan mining area,which could be referenced by monitoring and governance of heavy metal pollution in the sediment of the polymetallic mining area.

The Negative Effect of Heavy Metal Salts on the Body of Mammal Animals

The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.

深圳湾表层沉积物砷、镉、汞和营养元素的分布与富集特征

基于2020年的调查资料研究了深圳湾(深圳管辖区)表层沉积物中砷、镉、汞和氮、磷等营养元素的含量、空间分布、富集、来源以及生态风险等特征,深圳湾表层沉积物中As、Cd、Hg、TN、TP和TOC的含量分别为16.46±3.78μg/g、0.26±0.10μg/g、0.110±0.044μg/g、947±281μg/g、631±214μg/g和1.41%±0.41%。三种重金属含量在内湾深圳河口外和蛇口港沿岸相对较高;TN、TP和TOC含量则在内湾含量较高。排污等人类活动输入导致了TN、TP、As和Cd在深圳湾表层沉积物中富集,其中TN在整个海湾都明显富集,后三者则主要富集于内湾的深圳河口、北部沿岸和湾口港口区。As、Cd可能主要来源于港口船只排污,而TN、TP则可能主要来源于沿岸污水溢流。虽然深圳湾大部分海域表层沉积物中As、Cd、Hg和TOC含量均低于我国沉积物质量一类标准阈值,满足目前一般工业用水、滨海风景旅游的环境功能要求,但As、TN、TOC和TP含量仍可能会对某些敏感底栖生物产生负面影响,需持续保持关注。

地表水环境重金属污染分布特征及生态风险评价研究

此研究通过在河流上下游设置监测断面和水库中的采样点,对地表水环境重金属污染进行研究,采样时间为2022年4月、7月和12月。结果显示,Zn含量最高,Hg含量最低,Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、As含量居中。水库中的重金属污染物含量高于河流。季节变化对重金属污染程度影响较小。根据潜在生态危害指数法对YY河和D、E水库进行生态风险评价,结果显示Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Zn>Cr为重金属的生态风险排名,其中Hg具有极强生态污染。重金属在地表水环境中具有明显的空间异质性,分布受到多种因素的影响。研究地区地表水环境重金属污染的生态风险比较严重,需要引起足够重视。

电动土工塑料排水板修复重金属污染高岭土试验研究

针对重金属锌和镉污染的低渗透性高岭土,采用电动土工塑料排水板(EKG)作为电极材料,通过自制模型试验装置研究了电动修复中电势梯度、通电时间、含水率对重金属去除率的影响,确定电动修复的最优试验条件。在最优试验条件下,开展了电极材料、电势梯度对不同种类重金属去除效果影响的试验研究。结果表明:随着修复时间的增长,阳极处重金属污染物逐渐减少,阴极处重金属污染物富集逐渐增加;试验条件相同情况下,重金属污染物Cd的除去率明显高于Zn;电势梯度越大,重金属Zn离子的去除率越高;电动土工塑料排水板作为电极的电动修复重金属污染土的效果要优于石墨电极。研究有助于揭示电动修复重金属污染土的效果和机理,为电动生态环境修复技术的应用提供技术支持。

土壤重金属污染的环境影响评价及管理分析

重金属污染产生于多个方面,例如矿山开采、工业化工生产等方面。虽然,这些领域为建筑、生活提供了各种便利与原料,是经济发展与科学进步的体现,但由此引发的生态环境问题已然成为社会各界广泛关注的焦点。尤其是土壤中的重金属对环境的破坏更为突出。在这一背景下,本文探讨了土壤重金属污染的来源与危害,研究土壤重金属污染的环境影响评价及管理,为保护生态环境、土壤污染的预测、治理和土地利用管理提供合理化的环境决策依据。

莱州湾表层海水重金属分布特征及生态环境评价

于2023年6月在莱州湾海域采集30个站位的表层海水样品,利用单因子指数法、潜在生态风险法以及主成分分析法评价了莱州湾海域表层海水重金属元素分布特征、污染程度及潜在生态风险。结果表明:莱州湾海域表层海水中元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As的浓度平均值分别为9.33、1.68、15.11、6.76、0.47、0.11、4.28μg/L,单因子污染指数平均值分别为1.38、1.68、0.76、0.14、0.39、1.50、0.21,潜在生态风险指数平均值分别为6.92、8.16、0.76、0.27、11.77、60.15、2.11,综合生态风险指数平均值为89.84;莱州湾海域海水水质均未超过国家三类海水水质标准,除个别站点外莱州湾海域表层海水综合潜在生态风险等级为轻微;重金属元素分布受海域水动力因素影响,Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、Cd在莱州湾东部环流影响下不断在海域中心富集,Cr、As受莱州湾西部顺时针环流及中部东北向出流的影响成环带状分布。主成分及相关性分析表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As之间的相关系数较小,相互之间都不具有相似的污染水平或共同的污染来源;重金属浓度与中国其他海域相比整体处于中等水平,与2020年莱州湾海水重金属浓度相比,整体呈现一定增长趋势,且由沿岸向海域中心迁移富集。

区域海湾水质污染检测及生态危害研究

近年来海湾生境退化现象较为严重,造成这种现象的主要原因是人类活动和海岸侵蚀,其中,海洋开发活动、海上污染和陆源污染都会影响海湾水质。当海湾水质受到污染时会造成严重的生态污染,破坏了生态平衡。为了提高海湾水质,恢复海湾生态功能,提出区域海湾水质污染检测及生态危害研究。将山东省日照市作为研究区域,检测区域海湾内总磷、总氮等营养盐指标的含量分布及变化情况,更准确地了解海湾的污染状况;采用营养状况指数法分析上述营养盐指标造成的生态危害;结合潜在风险指数法评价重金属元素对海湾水质造成的生态危害,为后续的水质治理提供了有力的数据参考。根据此次研究结果,有助于为相关区域海湾的水质改善和生态恢复提供有效支持。

基于多评价因子的土壤重金属污染生态环境评价方法研究

土壤重金属污染生态环境评价由于仅以植被覆盖度作为评价指标,导致评价精度不高。因此,提出了一种新的基于多评价因子的土壤重金属污染的生态环境评价方法。利用波谱仪采集土壤相关数据,并平滑处理和光谱转换数据,在此基础上,将评价指标划分为植被覆盖度、土壤侵蚀指数和坡度,全面地展现土壤情况,计算多个评价因子的平均加权值,构建生态环境评价模型,实现生态环境评价。在实验测试中,和以往的土壤重金属污染生态环境评价方法相比,提出的土壤重金属污染的生态环境评价方法评价精度平均值为0.91,该方法的评价精度更高,具备了可行性。

基于改进主成分分析法的水环境中重金属污染流域水质生态评价方法研究

为了准确掌握水环境中的重金属污染情况,提高水质生态防治效果,提出了基于改进主成分分析法的水环境中重金属污染流域水质生态评价方法研究。选取研究污染流域水质区域,收集4个区域地表水,测定金属元素含量,通过四类分析与评价法,实现对水环境中重金属污染状况及潜在危害的生态评价,得出评价的B区域和C区域水质综合重金属污染较高,铁元素在四个区域均在第一主成分,是污染程度最高的,整体生态评价为及格。评价结果表明所提方法可以对水环境中重金属污染状况进行精确的评价,辅助保护人民身体健康与生态环境。

金属矿山开采中重金属污染对生态环境的影响研究

为解决金属矿山开采期间所造成重金属污染问题,更好地保护生态环境,本文结合矿山重金属污染概况,分析了重金属对土地资源、局部地区气候、生物多样性发展、水资源等生态环境的影响,并从复垦处理、水土流失综合处理、矿山废弃物处理、提高人们环保意识等多个方面入手,为实现矿山重金属污染的全面治理提出具有建设性的建议。希望通过这次研究,为相关人员提供有效的借鉴和参考。

原子荧光光谱法在土壤重金属测定中的应用

原子荧光光谱法作为一种高选择性的分析技术,在土壤重金属测定中具有重要的应用价值。基于此,介绍原子荧光光谱法的基本原理,详细阐述该方法在砷、汞等重金属元素测定中的应用实例。研究结果表明,原子荧光光谱法的准确性较高,测得的结果与标准值非常接近,适用于复杂土壤基质中微量重金属的精确测定,能有效优化检测流程,提高检测精度。

重金属铅污染及防治对策分析

随着工业化进程的加快,重金属铅污染问题日益凸显,对生态环境和人体健康构成了严重威胁。本文首先概述了重金属铅污染的来源、特点及危害,然后分析了当前重金属铅污染的防治现状和挑战,最后提出了针对性的防治对策和建议。通过文献综述、案例分析等方法,为重金属铅污染的防治提供科学依据和实用对策。

矿区生态保护修复优势技术评述

通过查阅大量矿区生态修复技术方面的文献,对矿山生态修复技术及最新研究进展进行了总结归纳,探讨了矿区生态修复的理念、措施和办法,详细阐述了当前矿山地质环境修复、土壤修复和植被重建各种技术方法的主要特征与适用范围,系统探究了矿山生态修复技术的不足,科学展望了未来矿山生态保护技术发展研究方向。在实际矿山生态修复中,往往需要采用多种修复技术相结合的联合修复方法才能达到最佳修复效果。本文通过对矿区生态修复技术进行全面整理和系统介绍,为加快我国矿山生态修复技术后续研究提供了有效参考,为矿山生态环境改善提供了科学依据。

露天煤炭开采区土壤重金属污染评价与风险评估研究

以A矿区为例,针对露天煤炭开采区土壤重金属污染进行治理。介绍了一种矿区土壤重金属污染评价与污染生态风险评估方法。采用地质累积指数法评价重金属污染的元素类型、污染程度和空间分布特征,并通过生态危险指数模型评估,提高了相关工作人员对矿区重金属污染情况的了解程度,为矿区生态环境的改善提供了支持,并确认了该方法具有一定的应用价值。

土壤污染与生态环境保护现状及防治策略分析

土壤污染问题有着复杂性、系统性特点,与自然界所有生物、物体都密切相关。若部分土壤出现污染现象,在自然循环系统的影响下会造成大面积扩散,给地区发展带来消极影响。现阶段,在工业生产、农业活动等多种因素的影响下,土壤环境受到了较大影响,迫切需要进行改善和修复。因此如何实现经济发展和生态保护的平衡逐渐成为时代发展的热门话题,受到了社会各界的广泛关注。基于此,本文针对土壤污染与生态保护现状进行了深入分析,并提出了科学、有效的土壤污染防治策略。

雄安新区土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险

为了解雄安新区表层土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险状况,系统采集和分析测试区内土壤样品600件,采用富集因子、地累积指数、综合污染指数、潜在生态危害指数和健康风险评估模型,对土壤重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险和健康风险进行评估.结果表明,各项重金属富集因子(EF)均值小于2,从高至低顺序为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cr>As,78.67%的土壤样品各项重金属富集因子处于无~弱污染水平.土壤样品中15.67%的Hg和4.33%的Cd富集因子处于中污染.土壤中As、Cr、Zn、Ni和Pb地累积指数呈无污染状态的样品占比84.5%以上;Hg和Cd污染相对严重,其地累积指数处于污染状态的样品数占比分别为51.83%和22.83%,以轻污染为主,无重~极重以上污染样品;Cu、Hg和Pb存在少量样品地累积指数呈中污染状态.95.17%的土壤样品综合污染指数(IPIN)处于安全无污染等级,总体环境相对安全,15件处于污染状态的样品主要污染元素为Cd.土壤以轻微和中等潜在生态风险等级为主,所占比例分别为69.67%和27.33%;仅2.67%的样品为强潜在生态风险等级,其主要位于研究区西南部,受周边企业生产活动影响.土壤重金属成人非致癌健康风险危害和致癌健康风险危害均在可接受范围内,As、Cr、Pb是研究区土壤重金属主要非致癌因子;仅研究区西南部1件土壤样品重金属对儿童具有一定的健康风险.

矿业环境影响的地球化学研究

矿业开发对周围地区带来巨大的环境影响。矿山废弃矿石和脉石堆、矿山选矿废石、尾矿、冶炼熔渣、矿山酸性排水、土壤重金属元素、河流及其沉积物中的重金属、大气污染等都极大地影响了矿山地球化学环境和生态系统。甚至在矿山工业关闭后 ,长期的环境影响依然是一个重要的地球化学研究内容。环境方面的地球化学化学扰动和平衡 。