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基于Tv-SECOND的自动驾驶场景下的3D目标检测
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作者 魏海跃 杨奎河 毕江峰 《无线电通信技术》 北大核心 2024年第4期823-830,共8页
针对自动驾驶场景中复杂环境下的3D目标检测任务,特别是远距离和遮挡条件下,为提高模型的检测准确率,在SECOND的基础上提出了Tv-SECOND两阶段算法。该算法提出一种基于Transformer架构的提案框特征提取模块,并在传统体素特征编码基础上... 针对自动驾驶场景中复杂环境下的3D目标检测任务,特别是远距离和遮挡条件下,为提高模型的检测准确率,在SECOND的基础上提出了Tv-SECOND两阶段算法。该算法提出一种基于Transformer架构的提案框特征提取模块,并在传统体素特征编码基础上提出可变形的体素特征编码模块。在KITTI数据集上进行测试,结果显示,所提出的算法相比SECOND在远距离和遮挡严重的情况下分别提高了7.49%、9.72%。同时与其他先进的两阶段方法相比,检测精度有不同程度的提升,证明了Tv-SECOND算法的有效性。新算法能够建立特征之间的依赖关系,聚合周边广域的上下文信息,增强模型的学习推理能力,有效提升了模型在远距离和遮挡的情况下的检测性能。 展开更多
关键词 自动驾驶 3D目标检测 TRANSFORMER second
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Understanding the catalytic performance and deactivation behaviour of second-promoter doped Pt/WO_(χ)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts in the glycerol hydrogenolysis for selective and cleaner production of 1,3-propanediol
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作者 Rafik Rajjak Shaikh Sittichai Damruang +2 位作者 Rais Ahmad Khan Supareak Praserthdam Piyasan Praserthdam 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期486-507,共22页
The selective aqueous-phase glycerol hydrogenolysis is a promising reaction to produce commercially useful 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO).The Pt-WOx bifunctional catalyst can catalyse the glycerol hydrogenol-ysis but the ca... The selective aqueous-phase glycerol hydrogenolysis is a promising reaction to produce commercially useful 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO).The Pt-WOx bifunctional catalyst can catalyse the glycerol hydrogenol-ysis but the catalyst deactivation via sintering,metal leaching,and coking can predominantly occur in the aqueous phase reaction.In this work,the effect of reaction temperature,pressure and second promoter(Cu,Fe,Rh,Mn,Re,Ru,Ir,Sn,B,and P)on catalytic performance and deactivation behaviour of Pt/WOx/-Al2O3 was investigated.When doped with Rh,Mn,Re,Ru,Ir,B,and P,the second promoter boosts catalytic activity by promoting great dispersion of Pt on support and increasing Pt surface area.The increased Bronsted acid sites lead to selective synthesis of 1,3-PDO than 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO).The characterization studies of fresh and spent catalysts reveal that the main cause of catalyst deactivation is the Pt sintering,as interpreted based on XRD,CO chemisorption,and TEM analyses.The Pt sintering is affected depending on the second promoter that can either or reduce the interaction between Pt,WO_(χ)/γ and Al_(2)O_(3).As an electron acceptor of Pt in Pt/WO_(χ)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3),Re and Mn as second promoters resulted in increased Pt^(2+) on the catalytic surface,which strengthens the contact between Pt andγ-Al_(2)O_(3) and WO_(χ),resulting in a decrease in Pt sintering.The metal leaching and coking are not affected by the presence of second promoter.The catalyst modified with a second promoter possesses improved catalytic activity and 1,3-PDO production,however the stability continues to remain a challenge.The present work unrav-elled the determining parameters of catalytic activity and deactivation,thus providing a promising pro-tocol toward effective catalysts for glycerol hydrogenolysis. 展开更多
关键词 Glycerol hydrogenolysis 1 3-PROPANEDIOL Metal-support interaction second promoter Liquid phase Catalyst deactivation
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Spontaneous Abortions in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Research and Analysis of Factors Associated at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala
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作者 Henri Essome Moustapha Bilkissou +13 位作者 Merlin Boten Bounyom Sandrine Ngoumi Ingrid Doriane Ofakem Ilick Astrid Ndolo Kondo Fulbert Mangala Nkwele Michel Roger Ekono Alphonse Ngalame Nyong Robert Tchounzou Junie Ngaha Yaneu Marga Vanina Ngono Akam Gervais Mounchikpou Ngouhouo Grâce Tocki Toutou Théophile Nana Njamen Pascal Foumane 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2024年第8期1130-1143,共14页
Introduction: Spontaneous abortion of the second trimester is an interruption of pregnancy with complete expulsion or not of the product of conception between 15 and 28 weeks of pregnancy without any maneuvers. The ob... Introduction: Spontaneous abortion of the second trimester is an interruption of pregnancy with complete expulsion or not of the product of conception between 15 and 28 weeks of pregnancy without any maneuvers. The objective of our study was to determine the factors associated with second trimester spontaneous abortions at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala. Methodology for this purpose: We conducted a case-control study from January to May 2019 on pregnant women who may or may not have had spontaneous second trimester abortions. Results: In total we recorded 1609 pregnancies and recruited 184 patients, including 46 cases and 138 controls;which gave a frequency of spontaneous abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy of 2.85%. A correlative analysis showed that spontaneous abortions in the second trimester were associated with housewife status (OR = 2.89;CI = 1.21 - 6.79;p = 0.010), gestation > 5 (OR = 4.09;CI = 1.02 - 17.66;p = 0.040), multiparity (OR = 3.81;CI = 1.59 - 9.16;p = 0.002), history of endouterine maneuvers (OR = 5.64;CI = 2.43 - 13 .03;p = 0.000), malaria in pregnancy (OR = 3.99;CI = 1.1 - 14.76;p = 0.030), incompleteness on the second trimester ultrasound (OR = 2.37;CI = 1.18 - 4.70;p = 0.010), jolts when traveling (OR = 46.04;CI = 17.29 - 123.66;p = 0.000), long car journeys (OR = 7.05;CI = 1.99 - 27.77;p = 0.000). After logistic regression eliminating the confounding factors, only the following were associated with abortions: Multiparity (OR = 13.90;CI = 2.96 - 65.18;p = 0.000), endo uterine maneuvers (OR = 3.69;CI = 1. 01 - 13.44;p = 0.047), jolts when traveling (OR = 72.63;CI = 19.47 - 270.96;p = 0.000), long car journeys (OR = 15.41;CI = 2.7 - 85, 95;p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our study reveals that a set of factors contribute to the occurrence of spontaneous abortions in the second trimester of pregnancy in our context. 展开更多
关键词 Spontaneous Abortion second Trimester Associated Factors Laquintinie
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Researching Creativity in Second Language Acquisition:Book Review
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作者 SHEN Rong-xi ZENG Hai-xiang 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2024年第3期215-219,共5页
In the realm of psychology and language acquisition,the exploration of“individual differences”-encompassing attributes such as personality traits,motivation,and language aptitude-has long been a focal point of schol... In the realm of psychology and language acquisition,the exploration of“individual differences”-encompassing attributes such as personality traits,motivation,and language aptitude-has long been a focal point of scholarly investigation.Within this sphere,the book“Researching Creativity in Second Language Acquisition”by Ashleigh Pipes offers a fresh perspective on the role of creativity as a significant individual difference in Second Language Acquisition(SLA).Positioned against the backdrop of extensive empirical research on individual differences,this book stands out by focusing on the often overlooked aspect of creativity,which Pipes argues,holds paramount importance in SLA. 展开更多
关键词 second Language Acquisition(SLA) CREATIVITY
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Review and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agricultural Herbicides as Military Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War
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作者 David R. Speidel Kenneth R. Olson 《Open Journal of Soil Science》 2024年第8期471-498,共28页
The legacy of the human misery caused by the application of the herbicides including Agent Purple and Agent Orange contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide, sprayed ... The legacy of the human misery caused by the application of the herbicides including Agent Purple and Agent Orange contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide, sprayed over the jungles, rice fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been prevented? Was it necessary United States military strategy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldiers and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their land and cause generations of harm? Alternatively, was it an unpreventable accident in the march of military history? What patterns in the U.S. government’s thought process could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these herbicides as tactical chemical weapons? If the introduction of herbicide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War and the Secret Wars in Laos and Cambodia have been any different? The objective of this treatise is to outline the role of world events and backgrounds and the role of the leaders, U.S. military, CIA, USDA, U.S. State Department, the U.S. President appointed Ambassadors to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and President Diệm’s Republic of Vietnam (RVN) government and military. Their collective advice led to the decision to use herbicides as military and environmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Were the National interests achieved by U.S. military strategy in the RVN using herbicide weapons worth the long-term environmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War? 展开更多
关键词 second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Herbicides Agent Blue Agent Orange Agent Purple Dioxin TCDD Arsenic
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A Review of Research on Second Language Acquisition from a Positive Psychology Perspective
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作者 Yanhui Wu 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第6期189-193,共5页
This paper reviews the research on second language acquisition from the perspective of positive psychology.First,it introduces the background and purpose of the study and discusses the significance of the application ... This paper reviews the research on second language acquisition from the perspective of positive psychology.First,it introduces the background and purpose of the study and discusses the significance of the application of positive psychology in the field of language acquisition.Then,the basic theories of positive psychology,including the core concepts and principles of positive psychology,are summarized.Subsequently,the theory of second language acquisition is defined and outlined,including the definition,characteristics,and related developmental theories of second language acquisition.On this basis,the study of second language acquisition from the perspective of positive psychology is discussed in detail.By combing and synthesizing the literature,this paper summarizes the current situation and trend of second language acquisition research under the perspective of positive psychology and puts forward some future research directions and suggestions. 展开更多
关键词 Positive psychology second language acquisition Language learning motivation Positive emotion Positive mindset
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Research on Practical Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities and Collaborative Education in the Second Classroom
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作者 Luhua Xiao Pingping Liu Zimeng Li 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第1期214-220,共7页
In today’s society,the need for talent training is of utmost importance due to rapid development.To achieve high-quality talent training,we need to focus on building a collaborative education mechanism.Practical teac... In today’s society,the need for talent training is of utmost importance due to rapid development.To achieve high-quality talent training,we need to focus on building a collaborative education mechanism.Practical teaching and the second classroom,which serve as important carriers of educational talents,must align their educational goals and complement each other.This article explores the collaborative education mechanism of the second classroom and practical teaching for the ideological and political courses in colleges and universities.It proposes reasonable construction measures to provide some guidelines for teaching work. 展开更多
关键词 Colleges and universities Ideological and political courses Practical teaching second classroom Collaborative education
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Analysis of an Output-Oriented Teaching Method in College English under the Second Language Acquisition Theory
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作者 Ying Li 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第10期35-39,共5页
In the context of economic globalization,English has become increasingly essential for students’communication and professional activities,necessitating higher proficiency in speaking and listening.The theory of secon... In the context of economic globalization,English has become increasingly essential for students’communication and professional activities,necessitating higher proficiency in speaking and listening.The theory of second language acquisition posits that college English teaching can purposefully guide students’learning and facilitate unconscious language acquisition.By integrating an output-oriented teaching method,students are provided with opportunities to practice and apply English,thereby addressing the traditional issue of“separation of learning and use.”This paper examines the application value of the output-oriented teaching method in college English under the second language acquisition theory and proposes several strategies to enhance college English classroom teaching.The goal is to develop students’linguistic competence and improve their practical English skills. 展开更多
关键词 second language acquisition College English Output-oriented teaching
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Research on the Application of Second Language Acquisition Theory in College English Speech Teaching
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作者 Hui Zhang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第3期173-178,共6页
The teaching of English speeches in universities aims to enhance oral communication ability,improve English communication skills,and expand English knowledge,occupying a core position in English teaching in universiti... The teaching of English speeches in universities aims to enhance oral communication ability,improve English communication skills,and expand English knowledge,occupying a core position in English teaching in universities.This article takes the theory of second language acquisition as the background,analyzes the important role and value of this theory in English speech teaching in universities,and explores how to apply the theory of second language acquisition in English speech teaching in universities.It aims to strengthen the cultivation of English skilled talents and provide a brief reference for improving English speech teaching in universities. 展开更多
关键词 second language acquisition theory Teaching English speeches in universities Practical strategies
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The Convergence Rate of Fréchet Distribution under the Second-Order Regular Variation Condition
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作者 Xilai Dai 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第5期1597-1605,共9页
In this article we consider the asymptotic behavior of extreme distribution with the extreme value index γ>0 . The rates of uniform convergence for Fréchet distribution are constructed under the second-order ... In this article we consider the asymptotic behavior of extreme distribution with the extreme value index γ>0 . The rates of uniform convergence for Fréchet distribution are constructed under the second-order regular variation condition. 展开更多
关键词 Convergence Rate second-Order Regular Variation Condition Fréchet Distribution Extreme Value Index
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Low-temperatures synthesis of CuS nanospheres as cathode material for magnesium second batteries 被引量:2
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作者 Qin Zhang Yaobo Hu +1 位作者 Jun Wang Fusheng Pan 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期192-200,共9页
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs),as one of the most promising candidates for efficient energy storage devices with high energy,power density and high safety,have attracted increasing attention.However,searching ... Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs),as one of the most promising candidates for efficient energy storage devices with high energy,power density and high safety,have attracted increasing attention.However,searching for suitable cathode materials with fast diffusion kinetics and exploring their magnesium storage mechanisms remains a great challenge.Cu S submicron spheres,made by a facile low-temperature synthesis strategy,were applied as the high-performance cathode for RMBs in this work,which can deliver a high specific capacity of 396mAh g^(-1)at 20 mA g^(-1) and a remarkable rate capacity of 250 m Ah g^(-1)at 1000 mA g^(-1).The excellent rate performance can be assigned to the nano needle-like particles on the surface of Cu S submicron spheres,which can facilitate the diffusion kinetics of Mg^(2+).Further storage mechanism investigations illustrate that the Cu S cathodes experience a two-step conversion reaction controlled by diffusion during the electrochemical reaction process.This work could make a contribution to the study of the enhancement of diffusion kinetics of Mg2+and the reaction mechanism of RMBs. 展开更多
关键词 Magnesium second batteries Cathode material CUS Submicron spheres Low-temperature synthesis.
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Temporal electric field of a helium plasma jet by electric field induced second harmonic(E-FISH)method 被引量:2
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作者 李旭 晋绍珲 +3 位作者 宋珂 聂兰兰 刘大伟 卢新培 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期43-52,共10页
Electric field is an important parameter of plasma,which is related to electron temperature,electron density,excited species density,and so on.In this work,the electric field of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet is d... Electric field is an important parameter of plasma,which is related to electron temperature,electron density,excited species density,and so on.In this work,the electric field of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet is diagnosed by the electric field induced second harmonic(E-FISH)method,and the time-resolved electric field under different conditions is investigated.When positive pulse voltage is applied,the electric field has a peak of about 25 kV cm-1at the rising edge of the voltage pulse.A dark channel is left behind the plasma bullet and the electric field in the dark channel is about 5 kV cm-1.On the other hand,when negative pulse voltage is applied,the electric field has a peak of-16 kV cm-1when the negative voltage is increased to-8 kV.A relatively bright channel is left behind the plasma head and the electric field in this relatively bright channel is about-6 kV cm-1.When the pulse rising time increases from 60 to 200 ns,the peak electric field at both the rising edge and the falling edge of the voltage decreases significantly.When 0.5%of oxygen is added to the main working gas helium,the peak electric field at the rising edge is only about 15 kV cm-1.On the other hand,when 0.5%nitrogen is added,the peak electric field increases especially at the falling edge of the voltage pulse,where it increases reversely from-12 to-16 kV cm-1(the minus sign only represents the direction of electric field). 展开更多
关键词 atmospheric pressure plasma jet electric field electric field induced second harmonic
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Factors Contributing to the Acceptability of Second Dose of Measles Vaccine among Children in Livingstone District, Zambia
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作者 Mirriam Nchimunya Dorothy Chanda Emmanuel Musenge 《Open Journal of Pediatrics》 CAS 2023年第2期220-234,共15页
Introduction: Measles is a viral disease that is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is a contagious disease resulting from infection with the measles virus and is still respon... Introduction: Measles is a viral disease that is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is a contagious disease resulting from infection with the measles virus and is still responsible for more than 100,000 deaths per year. Although vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity, approximately 1.4 million children worldwide die from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. In Zambia, MCV2 was 66% below WHO recommended target of 95%. This study therefore assessed the acceptability of second dose measles vaccination services among caretakers/mothers with children less than two years of age in Livingstone, Zambia. Methods: The study used analytical cross-sectional study design. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on socio demographic characteristics and factors related to acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine. SPSS version 26.0 was used for descriptive and inferential analysis at 5% level of significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine by gender, marital status, type of employment, income level, socio-cultural and traditional beliefs, and education level. However, there was a statistically significant difference in acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine by knowledge level of second dose of measles vaccine. A Chi square test result indicated that second dose acceptability was higher with less children than that of respondents with many children (χ2(5) = 15.3, p and knowledge levels (χ2(2) = 14.8, p Changes in knowledge level from medium to high reduced the odds of second dose measles vaccine acceptability. Furthermore, this study showed that acceptance of the second measles vaccination increased from mothers/caretakers with low knowledge (3.6%) to medium knowledge (13.3%) and finally high knowledge (83.1%). Conclusion: Tailored messaging to increase knowledge among mothers and caregivers on the importance of the second dose of measles vaccine is critical in improving acceptability. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the health providers should continue to raise awareness associated with the low acceptability of the second dose of measles vaccine and improve on child preventable diseases such as measles. 展开更多
关键词 MEASLES second Dose ACCEPTABILITY Caretakers
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Interaction solutions for the second extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation
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作者 马红彩 毛雪 邓爱平 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期112-121,共10页
Based on the Hirota bilinear method,the second extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation is established.By Maple symbolic calculation,lump and lump-kink soliton solutions are obtained.The interaction solutions be... Based on the Hirota bilinear method,the second extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation is established.By Maple symbolic calculation,lump and lump-kink soliton solutions are obtained.The interaction solutions between the lump and multi-kink soliton,and the interaction between the lump and triangular periodic soliton are derived by combining a multi-exponential function or trigonometric sine and cosine functions with quadratic functions.Furthermore,periodiclump wave solution is derived via the ansatz including hyperbolic and trigonometric functions.Finally,3D plots,2D curves,density plots,and contour plots with particular choices of the suitable parameters are depicted to illustrate the dynamical features of these solutions. 展开更多
关键词 Hirota bilinear method second extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation lump solution interaction solution
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Iron versus Iron and Vitamin B6 Supplementation in Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia during Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Quasi Experimental Trial
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作者 Mohamed Alaa Mohy Eldin El Ghannam Sherif Hanafi Hussain +1 位作者 Alaa Mohamed Ali Osman Sarah Safwat 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 CAS 2023年第4期814-824,共11页
Background: Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother... Background: Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and fetus, such as preterm birth, and low birth weight. There is clear evidence to support prompt treatment in all patients with iron deficiency anemia because it is known that treatment improves quality of life and physical condition as well as alleviates fatigue and cognitive deficits. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of addition of vitamin B6 to iron in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women during the second trimester. Patients and Methods: The study was done by giving anemia pregnant women iron therapy and vitamin B6 which represent group A and iron therapy alone which represents group B. For each pregnant woman, age, parity and gestational history were taken before treatment. All pregnant women took their allocated treatment regularly for three weeks after diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with complete blood picture and followed up after three weeks. Results: Results of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of therapy according to the hemoglobin level before treatment (p-value = 0.734), statistically significant higher mean value in after treatment than before treatment (p-value = 0.048), there was a significant difference in the rate of change of hemoglobin (p-value = 0.011) and body mass index (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: Iron and vitamin B6 seems to increase hemoglobin level more than iron only. Thus, in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia iron plus vitamin B6 may be considered as a more effective alternative treatment than iron only. 展开更多
关键词 Vitamin B6 Iron Deficiency Anemia second Trimester HEMOGLOBIN
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Root Canal System Variation in Mandibular Second Molar: Middle-Mesial Canal
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作者 Juan G. Robledo María Pía Visconti Farkas Pablo A. Rodríguez 《Open Journal of Stomatology》 2023年第1期25-31,共7页
Middle-mesial canals in mandibular molars are present in the population depending on age, sex and ethnicity. However, limited literature alludes to its prevalence. Troughing procedures may enhance identification, clea... Middle-mesial canals in mandibular molars are present in the population depending on age, sex and ethnicity. However, limited literature alludes to its prevalence. Troughing procedures may enhance identification, cleaning and shaping. This case report expresses the recognition and management of middle-mesial canal in a mandibular second molar of 24 years old Hispanic-Latino male. 展开更多
关键词 Anatomical Variation Middle-Mesial Canal Root Canal Morphology Mandibular second Molar
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Second-Order Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Computing Exactly Response Sensitivities to Uncertain Parameters and Boundaries of Linear Systems: Mathematical Framework 被引量:3
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作者 Dan Gabriel Cacuci 《American Journal of Computational Mathematics》 2020年第3期329-354,共26页
This work presents the “Second-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology (2<sup>nd</sup>-CASAM)” for the efficient and exact computation of 1<sup>st</sup>- and 2<sup>... This work presents the “Second-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology (2<sup>nd</sup>-CASAM)” for the efficient and exact computation of 1<sup>st</sup>- and 2<sup>nd</sup>-order response sensitivities to uncertain parameters and domain boundaries of linear systems. The model’s response (<em>i.e.</em>, model result of interest) is a generic nonlinear function of the model’s forward and adjoint state functions, and also depends on the imprecisely known boundaries and model parameters. In the practically important particular case when the response is a scalar-valued functional of the forward and adjoint state functions characterizing a model comprising N parameters, the 2<sup>nd</sup>-CASAM requires a single large-scale computation using the First-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (1<sup>st</sup>-LASS) for obtaining all of the first-order response sensitivities, and at most N large-scale computations using the Second-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS) for obtaining exactly all of the second-order response sensitivities. In contradistinction, forward other methods would require (<em>N</em>2/2 + 3 <em>N</em>/2) large-scale computations for obtaining all of the first- and second-order sensitivities. This work also shows that constructing and solving the 2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS requires very little additional effort beyond the construction of the 1<sup>st</sup>-LASS needed for computing the first-order sensitivities. Solving the equations underlying the 1<sup>st</sup>-LASS and 2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS requires the same computational solvers as needed for solving (<em>i.e.</em>, “inverting”) either the forward or the adjoint linear operators underlying the initial model. Therefore, the same computer software and “solvers” used for solving the original system of equations can also be used for solving the 1<sup>st</sup>-LASS and the 2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS. Since neither the 1<sup>st</sup>-LASS nor the 2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS involves any differentials of the operators underlying the original system, the 1<sup>st</sup>-LASS is designated as a “<u>first-level</u>” (as opposed to a “first-order”) adjoint sensitivity system, while the 2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS is designated as a “<u>second-level</u>” (rather than a “second-order”) adjoint sensitivity system. Mixed second-order response sensitivities involving boundary parameters may arise from all source terms of the 2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS that involve the imprecisely known boundary parameters. Notably, the 2<sup>nd</sup>-LASS encompasses an automatic, inherent, and independent “solution verification” mechanism of the correctness and accuracy of the 2nd-level adjoint functions needed for the efficient and exact computation of the second-order sensitivities. 展开更多
关键词 second-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology (2nd-CASAM) First-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (1st-LASS) second-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (2nd-LASS) Operator-Type Response second-Order Sensitivities to Uncertain Model Boundaries second-Order Sensitivities to Uncertain Model Parameters
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Predictors of graft function and survival in second kidney transplantation: A single center experience
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作者 Mahmoud Khalil Rabea Ahmed Gadelkareem +4 位作者 Medhat Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Abdel-Basir Sayed FathyGaber Elanany Paolo Fornara Nasreldin Mohammed 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2023年第6期331-343,共13页
BACKGROUND The increasing kidney retransplantation rate has created a parallel field of research,including the risk factors and outcomes of this advanced form of renal replacement therapy.The presentation of experienc... BACKGROUND The increasing kidney retransplantation rate has created a parallel field of research,including the risk factors and outcomes of this advanced form of renal replacement therapy.The presentation of experiences from different kidney transplantation centers may help enrich the literature on kidney retransplantation,as a specific topic in the field of kidney transplantation.AIM To identify the risk factors affecting primary graft function and graft survival rates after second kidney transplantation(SKT).METHODS The records of SKT cases performed between January 1977 and December 2014 at a European tertiary-level kidney transplantation center were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Beside the descriptive characteristics,the survivals of patients and both the first and second grafts were described using Kaplan-Meier curves.In addition,Kaplan-Meier analyses were also used to estimate the survival probabilities at 1,3,5,and 10 post-operative years,as well as at the longest followup duration available.Moreover,bivariate associations between various predictors and the categorical outcomes were assessed,using the suitable biostatistical tests,according to the predictor type.RESULTS Out of 1861 cases of kidney transplantation,only 48 cases with SKT were eligible for studying,including 33 men and 15 women with a mean age of 42.1±13 years.The primary non-function(PNF)graft occurred in five patients(10.4%).In bivariate analyses,a high body mass index(P=0.009)and first graft loss due to acute rejection(P=0.025)were the only significant predictors of PNF graft.The second graft survival was reduced by delayed graft function in the first(P=0.008)and second(P<0.001)grafts.However,the effect of acute rejection within the first year after the first transplant did not reach the threshold of significance(P=0.053).The mean follow-up period was 59.8±48.6 mo.Censored graft/patient survival rates at 1,3,5 and 10 years were 90.5%/97.9%,79.9%/95.6%,73.7%/91.9%,and 51.6%/83.0%,respectively.CONCLUSION Non-immediate recovery modes of the first and second graft functions were significantly associated with unfavorable second graft survival rates.Patient and graft survival rates of SKT were similar to those of the first kidney transplantation. 展开更多
关键词 Graft failure Graft function KIDNEY Kidney retransplantation Primary non-function graft second kidney transplantation
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A Brief Study of Second Language Learning Strategies From the Perspective of Error Analysis
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作者 PAN Yuhua 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2023年第10期385-391,共7页
Language teaching is not a one-way process.It interacts with language learning in an extremely intricate way.To improve language teaching,we need to take the process of language learning into account.This paper tries ... Language teaching is not a one-way process.It interacts with language learning in an extremely intricate way.To improve language teaching,we need to take the process of language learning into account.This paper tries to explore and understand what strategies the second language learners consciously or subconsciously adopt during their language learning process through the analyses of the linguistic errors they commit,so as to provide some insights into language teaching practice. 展开更多
关键词 second language acquisition error analysis learning strategies language teaching
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Research on the Application of Chinese-Style Songs in the Field of Chinese Second Language Teaching
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作者 ZHAO Yijia 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2023年第4期143-150,共8页
In recent years,traditional Chinese culture has been continuously revived,integrated into the times and entered people’s daily lives.Chinese-style songs,as a combination of traditional cultural connotations and emerg... In recent years,traditional Chinese culture has been continuously revived,integrated into the times and entered people’s daily lives.Chinese-style songs,as a combination of traditional cultural connotations and emerging song forms,have gradually emerged on the music stage in China and even around the world.In the field of teaching Chinese as a second language,the research on teaching Chinese songs has received increasing attention.This article combines the theory of the association between music and language to summarize the research results of Chinese-style songs and their application in the field of teaching Chinese as a second language in the past 30 years.The current research problems are discussed,and suggestions are proposed in order to provide some reference value for teaching Chinese as a second language. 展开更多
关键词 teaching Chinese as a second language Chinese-style songs TEACHING REVIEW
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