This paper summarizes the current situation of China’s industrial hazardous waste treatment,the disposal technology and the characteristics of rotary kiln incineration system,analyzes the refractory lining design of ...This paper summarizes the current situation of China’s industrial hazardous waste treatment,the disposal technology and the characteristics of rotary kiln incineration system,analyzes the refractory lining design of rotary kiln incineration system in China,and puts forward optimization suggestions according to the process characteristics.展开更多
Secondary organic aerosol （SOA） formed from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene was investigated in a home-made smog chamber. The size distribution and chemical composition of SOA particles were measured using aerodyn...Secondary organic aerosol （SOA） formed from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene was investigated in a home-made smog chamber. The size distribution and chemical composition of SOA particles were measured using aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer and the aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer （ALTOFMS）, respectively. According to a large number of single aerosol diameter and mass spectra, the size distribution and chemical composition of SOA were obtained statistically. Experimental results showed that SOA particles created by Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene is predominantly in the form of fine particles, which have diameters less than 2.5 μm （i.e., PM2.5）, and glyoxal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzoquinone, benzoic acid, benzyl hydroperoxide and benzyl methyl nitrate are the major products components in the SOA. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to these products are also proposed.展开更多
Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds（VOCs）. However,little information on secondary aeroso...Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds（VOCs）. However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol（SOA） production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China.展开更多
文摘This paper summarizes the current situation of China’s industrial hazardous waste treatment,the disposal technology and the characteristics of rotary kiln incineration system,analyzes the refractory lining design of rotary kiln incineration system in China,and puts forward optimization suggestions according to the process characteristics.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. JJ-10-04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40975080, 10979061)class A technology fund of Department of Education of Fujian Province (No. JA11290)
文摘Secondary organic aerosol （SOA） formed from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene was investigated in a home-made smog chamber. The size distribution and chemical composition of SOA particles were measured using aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer and the aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer （ALTOFMS）, respectively. According to a large number of single aerosol diameter and mass spectra, the size distribution and chemical composition of SOA were obtained statistically. Experimental results showed that SOA particles created by Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene is predominantly in the form of fine particles, which have diameters less than 2.5 μm （i.e., PM2.5）, and glyoxal, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzoquinone, benzoic acid, benzyl hydroperoxide and benzyl methyl nitrate are the major products components in the SOA. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to these products are also proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (No. 2013CB228500)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (Nos. 2013CB228503, 2013CB228502)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91544214, 51636003)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB05010500)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015M580929)the State Key Lab of Automotive Safety and Energy at Tsinghua University for their support for the experiments
文摘Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds（VOCs）. However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol（SOA） production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China.
