Population-Based Survey of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in China

Objective To determine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure in China, and to explore the potential associated factors. Methods This study was a nationally representative household survey examining secondhand smoke exposure of non-institutionalized men and women aged 15 and older using a global standardized geographically clustered sample design. A total of 13 354 people completed the individual questionnaire with questions on gender, age, educational level, residence, profession, potential factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure, and workplace smoking policy. The data were used to determine whole population estimates of secondhand smoke exposure. Results Among non-smokers aged 15 years and older, it was estimated that 72.4% （556 million） were exposed to secondhand smoke, with 52.5% （292 million） exposed to secondhand smoke daily. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 74.1% for men, 71.6% for women, 70.5% for urban populations, and 74.2% for rural populations. The rates were 67.3%, 63.3%, and 72.7% respectively, within the household, indoor workplaces and public places. Secondhand smoke exposure was significantly reduced in workplaces with a smoking ban but not in workplaces with a partial smoking ban. Conclusion Although China has made some progress toward a smoke-free environment there remains a high degree of exposure to secondhand smoke.

Detection of nicotine from secondhand smoke as a marker compound

About millions of people die yearly due to tobacco use.A number that has been estimated byWorld Health Organization will be double in next 15 years.Over the past decade significant progress has been made around theworld in controlling involuntary exposure of nonsmokers to the Secondhand smoke(SHS).In some country expanding workplace restriction now protect a majority of working adults,but the home remains the most important exposure setting for children.The BIDI is often called the poor man’s cigarette and is perhaps the cheapest tobacco smoking product in the world.Most often found in India,it is more harmful than cigarette and is one of the major sources for Secondhand smoke.

Preventing Pregnant Women’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Development and Suitability Assessment of an Educational Comic Booklet

Aim: The aim of this mixed methods research was to develop an educational comic booklet to prevent pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke. Methods: We assessed the suitability of the comic booklet by measuring participant response to content, literacy demand, graphics, layout and typography, learning stimulation, motivation, and cultural appropriateness. The participants were 17 Indonesians living in Japan who were recruited through Respondent-Driven-Sampling and met all criteria for the survey. Means and standard deviations were used to determine the suitability of the educational comic. Results: About 80% of participants rated the comic as “superior” on a rating scale with options of “superior”, “adequate”, “not suitable”, or “not applicable”. The most successful aspects of the comic were content and cultural appropriateness, as it provided clear contents and the graphics showed realistic Indonesian smoking behavior. The least successful aspect of the comic was the literacy demand because there were long sentences using difficult words. Conclusions: The results of this study may be used to conduct a randomized controlled trial using this comic booklet with some modifications.

Trends in U.S. Primary Care Provider Patient Advice Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure: 2008-2010

Background: Recent studies further expose the dangers of secondhand smoke (SHS) to smokers and nonsmokers alike. The health care visit provides a face-to-face opportunity to deliver vital information about those dangers, yet, little is known about primary care providers (PCPs) who address this topic with their patients in clinical practice. Purpose: We examined primary care providers’ advice to patients regarding SHS exposure and the factors promoting such communication. Methods: Data from 3 years (2008, 2009, and 2010) of physician questionnaires (approximately 1250 family/general practitioners, internists, and obstetricians/gynecologists (OBs/GYNs) were used to examine physician advice to patients with children, to smokers and to nonsmokers to prevent or avoid SHS exposure. Using 2010 data we evaluated descriptive statistics and logistic regression for offering patient advice regarding SHS exposure. Results: Web-based data revealed that almost 90% of PCPs advise patients with children to keep their children from being exposed to SHS, 80% advise patients who smoke to avoid exposing others to SHS in their homes and cars, and 70% advise nonsmokers to avoid general exposure to SHS. Logistic regression analysis indicated that OB/GYNs were less likely to engage in SHS counseling than their family practice/general practitioner colleagues. Conclusions: Physician efforts advising patients to avoid SHS exposure varied little in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Primary care providers, particularly OB/GYNs, are encouraged to advise their patients during routine visits to avoid SHS exposure that could compromise fetal health and growth. More extensive tobacco education and targeted specialty guidelines may be

Pre-conceptional and prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke and autism spectrum disorder:a national multi-center study in China

Background Despite extensive research evaluating the association between prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke(SHS)and the development of autism spectrum disorders(ASD),no study has investigated the association by considering the pre-conceptional period.This study aimed to investigate the associations of pre-conceptional and prenatal SHS exposure and the development of ASD among toddlers.Methods In this cross-sectional study,parents of 6049 toddlers aged 16–30 months were recruited from 7 tertiary hospitals,21 communities,and 7 kindergartens located in seven cities in six provinces from five geographical regions of China.We analyzed the associations of SHS exposure and the odds of ASD among toddlers in different exposure windows(pre-conceptional and/or prenatal periods).Data were analyzed from November 2021 to January 2022.Results Among the 6049 toddlers included in the analysis[22.7(4.1)months;44.8%girls],71 were identified and diagnosed with ASD.Compared with the unexposed toddlers,toddlers with pre-conceptional SHS exposure had higher odds of ASD(OR 2.30,95%CI 1.36–3.84),while we observed a non-significantly positive association regarding prenatal SHS exposure.When considering both pre-conceptional and prenatal periods,toddlers who were continuously exposed to SHS during these two periods had higher odds than those without SHS exposure(OR 2.32,95%CI 1.24–4.14).Conclusion We reported positive SHS–ASD associations when exposed during the pre-conceptional period and continuously exposed during pre-conceptional and prenatal periods,emphasizing the critical window of pre-conception for targeted intervention on smoking.

江苏省≥18岁居民烟草危害认知水平及影响因素分析

目的了解江苏省≥18岁居民对吸烟和二手烟危害认知水平及影响因素,为完善控烟策略提供依据。方法2015年10月—2016年1月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在江苏省居民慢性病与营养监测14个监测点抽取当地居住≥6个月、年龄≥18岁居民,采用入户面对面问卷形式,调查居民吸烟、二手烟危害认知情况。结果有效调查8689人,吸烟危害知晓率为37.6%,对吸烟可造成心脏病、中风、肺癌的知晓率分别为43.7%、42.7%、70.8%;二手烟暴露危害知晓率为43.6%,对二手烟暴露可造成成人心脏病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺部疾病的知晓率分别为45.6%、62.7%、64.9%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,农村居民、苏中/苏北居民、女性、文化程度低者、吸烟者的吸烟/二手烟暴露危害知晓率均较低(P值均<0.05);≥60岁年龄组的吸烟危害知晓率较低(P<0.05)。结论江苏省居民烟草危害认知不够全面,应针对重点人群加大烟草危害知识宣传力度,降低人群吸烟率。

二手烟暴露与孤独症谱系障碍患病风险关联的系统综述和Meta分析

目的基于观察性研究,采用Meta分析探索二手烟暴露与孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)风险的关联,以探究二手烟与ASD风险关联的关键暴露窗口。方法检索Ovid、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库,检索时限为自建库起至2023年4月30日。纳入二手烟暴露与ASD风险的相关研究,进行质量评估,采用推荐、评估、发展和评价分级系统(The Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,GRADE)及最佳证据综合(The Best Evidence Synthesis,BES)方法进行证据强度评价,根据异质性应用随机效应模型或固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果本研究纳入36篇观察性研究,Meta分析结果显示,孕期和1岁以后的二手烟暴露与ASD患病风险相关(孕期:OR=1.79,95%CI:1.20~2.68;1岁以后:OR=1.39,95%CI:1.10~1.75),但两种证据强度评价结果均显示强度较低。亚组分析未发现异质性来源,敏感性分析显示结果稳定,剪补法提示现问卷/报告/访谈形式收集二手烟暴露信息的所有暴露时期暴露组可能存在发表偏倚。结论孕期和1岁以后二手烟暴露会增加后代ASD患病风险,未发现其他时期与ASD相关。但受证据强度低的限制,未来应进一步采用高质量研究以验证此关联。

Relationship mapping of consumer buying behavior antecedents of secondhand clothing with fuzzy DEMATEL

This paper aims to identify the antecedents of buying behavior for secondhand clothing among millennials,as well as to determine their underlying causal relationships.Upon a comprehensive literature search,a total of 18 antecedents were found,and these are categorized into three motives,namely,economic,hedonic and recreational,and critical.As a case study in the Philippines,a focus group discussion among experts who are active millennial secondhand clothing users and buyers were tasked to identify the antecedents they have experienced and further confirm those extracted from the literature.To establish the causal relationships of these antecedents,categorize them into net causes or net effects,and address the vagueness associated with the decision-making process,a fuzzy DEMATEL method is used.Results reveal that avoidance of conventional channels proves to be the antecedent providing the highest impact among all other antecedents.Uniqueness,high quality,and fashion trend found to be the antecedents with the highest impacts received,making them the major net effects.Findings from this work hope to provide a framework among practitioners that would lead to a better understanding of millennials’buying behavior for secondhand clothing.

家庭环境二手烟暴露对青少年情绪行为的影响

目的分析家庭环境二手烟暴露对青少年情绪行为的影响,为从家庭环境方面干预青少年情绪行为问题的发生发展提供理论支持。方法调查重庆市主城某区1002名青少年的家庭基本信息、家庭环境二手烟暴露、青少年自评量表(Youth Self-Report,YSR)等情况,使用多因素Logistic回归模型分析青少年家庭环境二手烟暴露与其情绪行为间的关系。结果48.2%的青少年存在家庭环境二手烟暴露问题。家庭环境二手烟暴露与未暴露的青少年整体情绪行为问题平均得分分别为(26.83±22.28)分和(23.61±20.33)分,整体情绪行为问题的检出率分别为12.2%和8.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,存在整体情绪行为问题的青少年中,家庭环境二手烟暴露的青少年多于未暴露的,OR值为1.838(95%CI:1.161~2.911);女性青少年多于男性,OR值为2.476(95%CI:1.546~3.964);年龄较大的青少年多于年龄较小的,OR值为1.440(95%CI:1.186~1.749);父亲在外地工作的青少年多于父亲没有在外地工作的,OR值为2.511(95%CI:1.271~4.959);自觉父母间关系一般和较差的青少年多于自觉父母间关系较好的,OR值分别为2.791(95%CI:1.643~4.743)和3.879(95%CI:1.607~9.367);且家庭环境二手烟暴露的青少年内化行为问题多于未暴露的青少年,OR值为1.568(95%CI:1.015~2.422)。结论本研究中约50%的青少年存在家庭环境二手烟暴露问题,家庭环境二手烟暴露是影响青少年内化行为问题和整体情绪行为问题的重要因素。

上海市孕妇二手烟暴露现况及家庭暴露影响因素分析

目的了解上海市孕妇二手烟暴露现况,分析孕妇家庭二手烟暴露的影响因素,为制定干预措施以降低二手烟对孕妇健康的危害提供依据和建议。方法以在上海市3个区34家社区卫生服务中心进行早孕建册的非吸烟孕妇为研究对象,运用问卷星平台,收集孕妇的二手烟暴露等信息。结果孕妇二手烟暴露率为51.0%,孕妇家庭二手烟暴露率为21.0%,孕妇在室内工作场所、餐馆、公交车等候区域的二手烟暴露率分别为48.7%,33.6%和26.0%。多因素分析结果显示,家庭同住成员吸烟人数(1人:OR=11.206,95%CI:8.437~14.884;2人及以上:OR=16.534,95%CI:11.218~24.368)、来客会敬烟(OR=1.412,95%CI:1.057~1.887)是孕妇家庭二手烟暴露的危险因素,非上海户籍(OR=0.608,95%CI:0.491~0.754)、家庭室内不允许吸烟(OR=0.062,95%CI:0.040~0.095)、孕妇年龄≥35岁(OR=0.555,95%CI:0.377~0.818)是孕妇家庭二手烟暴露的保护因素。结论孕妇家庭二手烟暴露受家庭室内吸烟规定的影响;为减少二手烟暴露对孕妇及胎儿的危害,应强化公共场所控烟监管,同时推动无烟家庭建设。

云南省成人烟草危害和二手烟暴露认知状况调查

目的了解云南省≥15岁居民烟草危害和二手烟暴露致病的认知现状,为有针对性地开展控烟健康教育提供支持。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样法,抽取云南省12个州市24个项目点的6369人作为调查对象。使用全球烟草监测系统问卷进行入户调查。结果云南省≥15岁成人的吸烟率为32.2%(95%CI:30.4%~34.1%),戒烟率为13.6%(95%CI:11.7%~15.7%),二手烟暴露率为82.8%(95%CI:79.8%-85.5%)。电子烟的现在使用率为0.9%(95%CI:0.5%~1.7%)。吸烟导致肺癌、心脏病、中风和勃起障碍四种疾病的知晓率分别为80.0%(95%CI:75.2%~84.0%)、51.8%(95%CI:46.5%~57.1%)、39.6%(95%CI:34.2%~45.3%)和30.9%(95%CI:24.9%~37.6%);吸烟导致四种疾病的全知晓率为22.0%(95%CI:16.8%~28.3%)。二手烟暴露导致儿童肺部疾病、成人肺癌、成人心脏病三种疾病的知晓率分别为56.8%(95%CI:51.7%~61.8%)、51.5%(95%CI:47.1%~55.9%)和33.4%(95%CI:28.9%~38.2.3%);二手烟暴露导致三种疾病的全知晓率为28.9%(95%CI:24.8%~33.4%)。云南省成人对“低焦油不等于低危害”正确认知的比例仅为6.6%(95%CI:5.1%~8.5%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别、居住地、年龄、文化程度及是否吸烟均是烟草烟雾致病全知晓率的影响因素。结论云南成人对吸烟和二手烟暴露导致的疾病知晓率较低且认识较片面,对二手烟危害的认知明显低于对吸烟危害的认知,缺乏对二手烟说不的态度。

中国肺癌和烟草流行及控烟现状

肺癌居我国恶性肿瘤死亡和发病的首位。肺癌与吸烟和二手烟暴露密切相关。近年来,我国采取了一系列控烟和肺癌防治措施,但肺癌负担依然严重,男性吸烟率仍居高不下,非吸烟者二手烟暴露十分广泛。本文对我国近年来肺癌、吸烟和二手烟暴露的流行现状进行描述,同时对我国目前所实施的控烟措施进行了综述。

论体验学习

体验学习是一种以学习者为中心的、从体验和反思中获得进步的学习方式。他萌芽于20世纪初期实用主义教育思想,产生于20世纪70年代关注生活体验的人文科学研究的转型时期。他是一种主要以设定目标、体验情境、观察反思、抽象概括、行动应用等环节为过程,并具有情境性、行动性、反思性、感悟性和主体性特征,使学习者无论学习预定主题内容还是针对解决问题都能获得更好发展的学习。他还有着与传统学习不同的理念和要求。

成都市城乡居民吸烟行为及二手烟暴露现状分析

目的了解成都市城乡居民吸烟行为、二手烟暴露及戒烟现状,分析影响因素,为开展控烟教育以及行为干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法 ,于2015年9—11月抽取成都市4个区县18岁及以上的常住居民2952人进行问卷调查。结果调查有效人数2892人,结果显示现在吸烟率为22.2%,现在每日吸烟率20.1%,日均吸烟量为13.7支,开始每日吸烟平均年龄为20.4岁,二手烟暴露率67.8%,戒烟行为率15.7%,烟草危害知识低水平人群占57.1%。性别、年龄、婚姻状况为影响成都市居民吸烟行为的重要因素。结论成都市中老年男性、离婚/分居者吸烟率较高,城乡居民烟草危害知识薄弱,二手烟暴露率较高,这将是成都市今后控烟工作的重点人群及重点内容。

阿胶、黄明胶对被动吸烟小鼠肺脏Th17/Treg细胞亚群分化及相关细胞因子表达的影响差异

目的:探讨阿胶、黄明胶对被动吸烟小鼠肺脏Th17/Treg细胞亚群分化的影响及对肺脏的保护作用。方法:利用香烟烟雾暴露法建立小鼠被动吸烟模型,阿胶组和黄明胶组小鼠在烟熏同时分别给予阿胶和黄明胶干预。造模24周后,制作小鼠肺脏HE染色切片观察病理变化,利用流式细胞术检测肺脏Th17、Treg细胞亚群比例,利用ELISA试剂盒检测血清IL-6、IL-17A因子表达,利用RT-PCR法检测肺组织中RORγt、Foxp3因子转录水平。结果:模型组小鼠肺间质有大量炎性细胞浸润伴有肺实质损伤,肺脏Th17细胞亚群比例及RORγt因子转录水平显著升高(P均<0. 05),Treg细胞亚群比例及Foxp3因子转录水平显著升高(P均<0. 05),IL-17A、IL-6及TGF-β因子表达均显著升高(P均<0. 05);阿胶组和黄明胶组炎性细胞浸润程度降低,肺实质损伤明显改善,阿胶组Th17亚群比例显著降低(P<0. 05),Treg亚群比例及Foxp3因子转录水平均显著降低(P均<0. 05),IL-17A、IL-6、TGF-β及RORγt因子转录水平均显著降低(P均<0. 05);黄明胶组Th17亚群比例及RORγt、IL-17A及IL-6因子表达均无显著变化(P>0. 05),Treg亚群细胞比例及Foxp3因子转录水平升高但差异无显著性(P>0. 05)。结论:长期低剂量的香烟暴露会导致肺脏Th17细胞介导的炎症反应,阿胶通过下调Th17应答减轻肺脏局部炎症,且对肺脏的保护作用较黄明胶更为显著,黄明胶未表现出对Th17、Treg细胞亚群分化及相关细胞因子表达的显著影响,其抗炎机制有待进一步研究。

中国部分疾病预防控制机构室内烟草烟雾浓度测定

目的检测室内工作场所烟草烟雾浓度,评价禁烟政策在降低烟草烟雾暴露中的作用。方法选取10个省市的14个卫生机构的办公楼,调查办公楼内的禁烟规定;用尼古丁作为烟草烟雾的标志物,评估禁烟规定对烟草烟雾暴露的作用。结果14个办公楼中,有4个实行了全面禁烟或部分禁烟规定。有禁烟规定办公楼的办公室的尼古丁浓度80百分位点低于2μg/m3,无禁烟规定办公楼的办公室尼古丁浓度80百分位点为20μg/m3。70%以上的吸烟办公室的尼古丁浓度超过1μg/m3;35%的非吸烟办公室和50%的走廊的尼古丁浓度超过1μg/m3。有1个办公楼在2006年1月1日颁布了禁烟规定,之后其尼古丁浓度大幅度下降:办公室的尼古丁平均值下降到原来的1/4以下,走廊下降到1/8以下。结论工作场所是烟草烟雾暴露的一个重要场所。禁烟或限制吸烟都可以有效降低室内烟草烟雾的暴露。

浙江省43家公共场所被动吸烟调查分析

目的了解浙江省公共场所被动吸烟现况,为制定浙江省被动吸烟控烟政策提供依据。方法采用现场观察法,收集全省车站等候室、商场、医院、学校、疾病预防控制机构、政府对外办公楼等场所共6类43家公共场所禁烟的情况,并采用拦截式调查方法问卷调查629名成年人,了解其被动吸烟的相关信息。结果34.88%的公共场所为禁烟场所,16.28%的公共场所划分了无烟区。成人烟草烟雾的接触情况是:67.24%的被调查者为被动吸烟者,77.42%的被调查者家庭室内可以吸烟,76.47%的人报告常去的娱乐场所室内可以吸烟,62.17%的人报告工作场所室内可以吸烟。在支持公共场所禁烟方面,89.51%的人支持在公共交通工具上禁烟,88.71%的人支持在学校里禁烟,83.15%的人支持在医院里禁烟,92.53%的人支持在办公室全部或者部分禁烟,79.33%的人支持在餐厅全部或者部分禁烟,61.37%的人支持在酒吧全部或者部分禁烟。单因素分析结果表明,非吸烟者、高学历者、对被动吸烟的危害有认知的人更加支持餐厅禁烟,OR值分别是2.689、1.393和2.670。结论浙江省公共场所被动吸烟情况比较严重,群众普遍支持在公共场所开展禁烟工作。

江苏省青少年吸烟和二手烟暴露状况调查

目的了解江苏省青少年吸烟及二手烟暴露情况。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在14个监测点随机抽取5 697名初中学生进行问卷调查,对吸烟和二手烟暴露情况进行加权分析估计率及其95%CI。结果青少年尝试和现在吸烟率分别为9.2%（7.3%~11.5%）和1.0%（0.6%~1.7%）,学生在家、室内和室外公共场所二手烟暴露比例为分别为40.0%（34.7%~45.6%）、50.7%（45.0%~56.4%）、52.6%（45.9%~59.2%）,在过去30d内,40.7%（35.8%~45.8%）的学生看到有人在学校的室内外场所吸烟。认为＂二手烟肯定有害健康＂的比例为76.2%（73.5%~78.8%）,赞同室内和室外公共场所禁烟的比例分别为62.6%（60.2%~64.9%）和64.5%（62.7%~66.2%）结论江苏省青少年存在尝试吸烟和现在吸烟现象,二手烟暴露率较高,应大力开展综合性的控烟干预。

Awareness of Tobacco-Related Health Hazards among Adults in China

Objective To determine the level of awareness of the hazards of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke inhalation among adults in China. Methods Household surveys were conducted with a total of 13 354 respondents aged 15 years or over from 100 counties of 28 Chinese provinces using a stratified multi-stage geographically clustered sample design. Results The findings revealed that 81.8% of the population was aware that smoking causes serious diseases, and 27.2% and 38.7% were aware that smoking causes stroke and heart attack, respectively. Only 64.3% of respondents were aware that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, and 27.5%, 51.0%, and 52.6% were aware that secondhand smoke causes heart disease in adults, lung disease in children and lung cancer in adults, respectively. Awareness regarding smoking-related hazards across all participants was significantly associated with several factors, including gender, smoking status, urban/rural residency, education level and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Awareness regarding tobacco-related hazards in smokers was significantly associated with urban/rural residency, education level, exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days, and physician＇s advice. Awareness relating to the hazards of inhaling secondhand smoke was associated with smoking status, urban/rural residency, age, education level, and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Medical professionals were found to know more about the health hazards of tobacco compared with people in other types of employment. Conclusions Overall awareness of the health hazards of tobacco has improved in the last 15 years in China, but is still relatively poor. Improved means of communicating information and more effective warning labels on cigarette packaging are necessary for increasing public awareness of tobacco hazards, particularly among rural residents and people with less education.

黑龙江省室内公共场所二手烟暴露现状及影响因素分析

目的了解黑龙江省15岁及以上人群室内工作场所及室内公共场所二手烟暴露现状及影响因素,为实现全省100%室内无烟环境提供循证支持。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在全省抽中的20个监测区/县进行入户面对面问卷调查,后期采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行数据分析,采用单因素Logistic回归分析并使用χ^(2)进行检验。结果本次调查共完成6052份个人问卷,有效个人问卷为6031份,问卷有效率为99.7%。涉及男性3003人,女性3028人;城市3115人,农村2916人。室内工作场所二手烟暴露率为49.8%,男性(58.0%)比例显著高于女性(37.4%)(χ^(2)=40.097,P<0.01);在过去30 d内,室内公共场所二手烟暴露率为70.9%,男性(77.9%)高于女性(63.4%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=73.390,P<0.05);在过去30 d内,有94.5%的调查对象报告在酒吧/KTV/夜总会暴露于二手烟,其次为餐厅(83.3%),再次为出租车(33.4%);单因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、学历是室内工作场所二手烟暴露的危险因素,而城乡则是室内工作场所二手烟暴露的保护因素;性别、年龄是室内公共场所二手烟暴露的危险因素,而学历则是室内公共场所二手烟暴露的保护因素,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论黑龙江省成人室内公共场所二手烟暴露情况较为严峻,须采取有效的跨部门联合行动,推进全省室内公共场所100%无烟环境建设。