[ Objective] A method was developed for the analysis of main metabolites in aromatic rice seeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. [ Method] The main metabolites in seeds of 9 different aromatic rice v...[ Objective] A method was developed for the analysis of main metabolites in aromatic rice seeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. [ Method] The main metabolites in seeds of 9 different aromatic rice varieties were compared and analyzed with two methods. Method 1 ： the compound was extracted by the mixture of anhydrous ethanol and methylene chloride （ WV = 1：1 ） at 60 ℃ for 3 h in water bath; the extract was isolated and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using HP-5 capillary column with scan monitoring mode. Method 2： the main metabolites in aromatic rice seeds were detected using headspaee solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. [ Result ] Fifteen types of common metabolites were found in 9 different aromatic rice varieties. Method 1 was more effective than method 2 in detecting the main metabolites in aromatic rice seeds. [ Conclusion] This study provides an important reference for clarifying the metabolic pathway of main metabolites in aromatic rice and lays the foundation for further rice breeding.展开更多
This experiment was carried out to study the possibility of producing germinating seeds of bitter gourd(Momordica charamtia L.)in the climatic conditions of Europe.Seeds of Indian cultivar‘Nana’were sown in the gree...This experiment was carried out to study the possibility of producing germinating seeds of bitter gourd(Momordica charamtia L.)in the climatic conditions of Europe.Seeds of Indian cultivar‘Nana’were sown in the greenhouse and produced transplants were planted on the field.The plants were cultivated in the field in 2 ways:tied to the sticks or creeping on the ground.During the vegetation,the ripen fruits with seeds were collected 6 times,and after extracting,they were germinated in the laboratory following the routine ISTA rules.The best transplants of bitter gourd were received within one month from the seeds emerging 51.8%.The transplant of bitter gourd had average height of7 cm,3-4 leaves,out of which the biggest had the width of 5 cm.Such transplants would grow into fruiting plants.When growing bitter gourd for seeds,the earliest fruits were harvested from the plants tied to the sticks.Moreover,the best seeds were harvested from 2/3 of early fruits.For the purpose of seed production,it is recommended to keep only 3-4 fruits per plant and remove other fruits.The produced seeds germinated from 8%to 24%.If the plants were tied to the sticks,their fruits ripened earlier.The used production way and time of harvest of fruits had no effect on the seed germination.The cultivation methods of bitter gourd plants had no effect on the chemical components of fruits.展开更多
The gold （Au） nanorods with various aspect ratios are obtained by a seed-media method in low pH growth solution. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and UV-visible spectrophotometry are utilized to characterize...The gold （Au） nanorods with various aspect ratios are obtained by a seed-media method in low pH growth solution. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and UV-visible spectrophotometry are utilized to characterize the Au nanorods, and the longitudinal absorption peak positions of Au nanorods show different shifting trends of the growth evolutions in various low pH （1~3） solutions. Other influential factors on the shape of Au nanorod are also systematically studied under low pH reaction condition. The positions of longitudinal peak shift between 600 nm and 900 nm, with the aspect ratios of Au nanorods varying from 2 to 5 both in the simulation and experimental results. The simulation results are in agreement with experimental ones.展开更多
Two field studies were carried out using Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum to investigate the effects of planting methods and seed density required for optimum biomass yield and nutrient content in southwest Nig...Two field studies were carried out using Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum to investigate the effects of planting methods and seed density required for optimum biomass yield and nutrient content in southwest Nigeria. Two planting methods (drilling and broadcasting), and two seed densities (4 and 8 table spoon full) were investigated as a 2×2×3 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Four seed spoons gave 25.78 kg seeds ha-1 for S. macrocarpon and 20.67 kg·seeds·ha-1 for S. scabrum. Significant highest S. macrocarpon shoots (2.75 kg·m-2) and Ca, K, Fe and Zn contents and S. scabrum (2.95 kg·m-2) and Zn content, were obtained with drilling and four spoons of seeds compared with broadcasting and 8 spoons of seeds. This treatment gave average values for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca/P and Na/K ratio were 2.79%, 0.03%, 3.37%, 1.64%, 0.02%, 300 mg·kg-1, 100 mg·kg-1, 300 mg·kg-1, 8 mg·kg-1, 1.22 and 0.008 for S. macrocarpon and 2.05%, 0.27%, 5.81%, 3.27%, 2.91%, 0.09%, 280 mg·kg-1, 52.99 mg·kg-1, 359.35 mg·kg-1 and 22.42 mg·kg-1, 11.63 and 0.016 for S. scabrum. It was concluded that planting in drilling made weeding, fertilizer application, irrigation and harvesting more effective rather than by broadcasting, and four spoons of seeds per 9 m-2 produced deep green and broader leaves and balanced nutrient contents than eight spoons of seeds.展开更多
Taken kiwi fruit as raw material, this paper extracted kiwi fruit seed oil with ultrasonic-assisted enzyme, researched the influence of factors such as liquid-to-solid ratio, granularity, type of enzyme, ultrasonic po...Taken kiwi fruit as raw material, this paper extracted kiwi fruit seed oil with ultrasonic-assisted enzyme, researched the influence of factors such as liquid-to-solid ratio, granularity, type of enzyme, ultrasonic power, treating time, enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis time, pH and enzyme additive on oil extraction, and optimized the extracting technology of kiwi fruit seed oil with response surface method. The result shows that the best technical parameter is: material granularity: 60, liquid-to-solid ratio: 1:10 (g/mL), ultrasonic power: 400 W, treating time: 30 min, enzyme amount: 2.50%, pH: 9.2, enzymolysis temperature: 53°C, enzymolysis time: 2.80 h;and the extracting ratio under such condition is 92.57%.展开更多
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has bee...Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has been widely used to measure protein content through the percentage of total nitrogen in the seed’s grounded powder. Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) has commonly been used to measure protein content in soybean seeds using whole grain without the need of seed grinding, which makes it possible to obtain fast results at a lower cost-per-analysis than the traditional combustion method. The specific objective of this study is to test a rapid method for measuring cowpea seed protein content by the NIR analyzer comparing to the traditional rapid N analyzer. A total of 240 cowpea genotypes were used in this study, including six seed coat colors, black, blackeye, browneye, cream, pinkeye, and red with 40 cowpea genotypes. The results showed that a linear relationship exists between the NIR analyzer and the Rapid N analyzer in the six different color groups. The correlation efficiency (r) between the seed protein contents from NIR and Rapid N was higher for pinkeye seed (r = 0.867), blackeye (0.771), cream (0.729), browneye (0.700), and red (0.623), respectively, but lower for black seeds, indicating that the NIR analyzer can be used to measure protein content for cowpea seeds with the five types of seed coat except black. Overview, the cowpea seed protein content measured from the NIR analyzer showed a little higher seed protein content. A series of regression models with different seed coat color have been built to adjust to protein content of colorful cowpea seeds from the NIR analyzer. But, it is not recommended to use for black color seeds due to a very low correlation efficiency (r) value with 0.184.展开更多
Use of a single seed is very useful for genetic studies on Vitis vinifera. However, molecular markers require a fair amount of high purity DNA. Grapevine contains high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, t...Use of a single seed is very useful for genetic studies on Vitis vinifera. However, molecular markers require a fair amount of high purity DNA. Grapevine contains high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, tannins and other secondary metabolites. These compounds may hamper the DNA isolation processes and subsequent analysis. In this study we have compared two DNA isolation methods: the NucleoSpin Plant II method and a modified protocol from Doyle and Doyle. The average value of 260/280 nm absorption ratio, which is used to assess the purity of DNA and RNA was 1.8 (accepted as “pure” DNA) and 0.9 (presence of protein or other contaminants) for the first and second method, respectively. Using the NucleoSpin protocol, from a single seed (20 - 35 mg) we obtained an average yield of extracted DNA of 24.8 ± 5.2 to 38.4 ± 11.5 ng·mg-1 dry weight. Among the two protocols examined, the NucleoSpin method was more efficient and gave better quality of DNA values compared to those from the modified Doyle and Doyle procedures.展开更多
Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and ...Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）.[Method] First,effects of soaking seeds with clear water and different co...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）.[Method] First,effects of soaking seeds with clear water and different concentrations of saline solution were compared; then,different concentrations of salt solution （0.2％-1.0％） was used to treat radish during the whole germination period.[Result] soaking seeds with clear water can improve the germination indicators of radish seeds exposed to high salt stress; low salt concentration（0.2％,0.4％） had little effect on the growth indicators of radish seedlings,and 0.2％ salt concentration can even promote the growth of radish seedlings,however,the high salinity had a bad inhibition on seedling growth,the higher the salt concentration,the stronger the inhibition.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive comparison,the order of the six varieties in salt-tolerance was as follows：Xinxiayuanbai＞W1029,Xiayuanbai ＞ Nanyangbailizhi,Chunyidianhong＞ Sijihong 3.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1604110,31600992,U1404319,31270727)Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(152102110100,152102110036)+6 种基金Major Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province(121100110200)Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation Team for Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(14IRTSTHN012)Students Innovation and Training Program of Institution of Higher Learning in Henan Province(201710477018Y)Key Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(15A180059,16B180006)Students Innovation and Training Program of XYNU(201710477032)Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNY(2016054)Open Project of the Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains
文摘[ Objective] A method was developed for the analysis of main metabolites in aromatic rice seeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. [ Method] The main metabolites in seeds of 9 different aromatic rice varieties were compared and analyzed with two methods. Method 1 ： the compound was extracted by the mixture of anhydrous ethanol and methylene chloride （ WV = 1：1 ） at 60 ℃ for 3 h in water bath; the extract was isolated and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using HP-5 capillary column with scan monitoring mode. Method 2： the main metabolites in aromatic rice seeds were detected using headspaee solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. [ Result ] Fifteen types of common metabolites were found in 9 different aromatic rice varieties. Method 1 was more effective than method 2 in detecting the main metabolites in aromatic rice seeds. [ Conclusion] This study provides an important reference for clarifying the metabolic pathway of main metabolites in aromatic rice and lays the foundation for further rice breeding.
文摘This experiment was carried out to study the possibility of producing germinating seeds of bitter gourd(Momordica charamtia L.)in the climatic conditions of Europe.Seeds of Indian cultivar‘Nana’were sown in the greenhouse and produced transplants were planted on the field.The plants were cultivated in the field in 2 ways:tied to the sticks or creeping on the ground.During the vegetation,the ripen fruits with seeds were collected 6 times,and after extracting,they were germinated in the laboratory following the routine ISTA rules.The best transplants of bitter gourd were received within one month from the seeds emerging 51.8%.The transplant of bitter gourd had average height of7 cm,3-4 leaves,out of which the biggest had the width of 5 cm.Such transplants would grow into fruiting plants.When growing bitter gourd for seeds,the earliest fruits were harvested from the plants tied to the sticks.Moreover,the best seeds were harvested from 2/3 of early fruits.For the purpose of seed production,it is recommended to keep only 3-4 fruits per plant and remove other fruits.The produced seeds germinated from 8%to 24%.If the plants were tied to the sticks,their fruits ripened earlier.The used production way and time of harvest of fruits had no effect on the seed germination.The cultivation methods of bitter gourd plants had no effect on the chemical components of fruits.
基金Project supported by the Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation for Materials Science and Engineering(Japan,January 2012)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2011CDB426)
文摘The gold （Au） nanorods with various aspect ratios are obtained by a seed-media method in low pH growth solution. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and UV-visible spectrophotometry are utilized to characterize the Au nanorods, and the longitudinal absorption peak positions of Au nanorods show different shifting trends of the growth evolutions in various low pH （1~3） solutions. Other influential factors on the shape of Au nanorod are also systematically studied under low pH reaction condition. The positions of longitudinal peak shift between 600 nm and 900 nm, with the aspect ratios of Au nanorods varying from 2 to 5 both in the simulation and experimental results. The simulation results are in agreement with experimental ones.
文摘Two field studies were carried out using Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum to investigate the effects of planting methods and seed density required for optimum biomass yield and nutrient content in southwest Nigeria. Two planting methods (drilling and broadcasting), and two seed densities (4 and 8 table spoon full) were investigated as a 2×2×3 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Four seed spoons gave 25.78 kg seeds ha-1 for S. macrocarpon and 20.67 kg·seeds·ha-1 for S. scabrum. Significant highest S. macrocarpon shoots (2.75 kg·m-2) and Ca, K, Fe and Zn contents and S. scabrum (2.95 kg·m-2) and Zn content, were obtained with drilling and four spoons of seeds compared with broadcasting and 8 spoons of seeds. This treatment gave average values for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca/P and Na/K ratio were 2.79%, 0.03%, 3.37%, 1.64%, 0.02%, 300 mg·kg-1, 100 mg·kg-1, 300 mg·kg-1, 8 mg·kg-1, 1.22 and 0.008 for S. macrocarpon and 2.05%, 0.27%, 5.81%, 3.27%, 2.91%, 0.09%, 280 mg·kg-1, 52.99 mg·kg-1, 359.35 mg·kg-1 and 22.42 mg·kg-1, 11.63 and 0.016 for S. scabrum. It was concluded that planting in drilling made weeding, fertilizer application, irrigation and harvesting more effective rather than by broadcasting, and four spoons of seeds per 9 m-2 produced deep green and broader leaves and balanced nutrient contents than eight spoons of seeds.
文摘Taken kiwi fruit as raw material, this paper extracted kiwi fruit seed oil with ultrasonic-assisted enzyme, researched the influence of factors such as liquid-to-solid ratio, granularity, type of enzyme, ultrasonic power, treating time, enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis time, pH and enzyme additive on oil extraction, and optimized the extracting technology of kiwi fruit seed oil with response surface method. The result shows that the best technical parameter is: material granularity: 60, liquid-to-solid ratio: 1:10 (g/mL), ultrasonic power: 400 W, treating time: 30 min, enzyme amount: 2.50%, pH: 9.2, enzymolysis temperature: 53°C, enzymolysis time: 2.80 h;and the extracting ratio under such condition is 92.57%.
文摘Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has been widely used to measure protein content through the percentage of total nitrogen in the seed’s grounded powder. Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) has commonly been used to measure protein content in soybean seeds using whole grain without the need of seed grinding, which makes it possible to obtain fast results at a lower cost-per-analysis than the traditional combustion method. The specific objective of this study is to test a rapid method for measuring cowpea seed protein content by the NIR analyzer comparing to the traditional rapid N analyzer. A total of 240 cowpea genotypes were used in this study, including six seed coat colors, black, blackeye, browneye, cream, pinkeye, and red with 40 cowpea genotypes. The results showed that a linear relationship exists between the NIR analyzer and the Rapid N analyzer in the six different color groups. The correlation efficiency (r) between the seed protein contents from NIR and Rapid N was higher for pinkeye seed (r = 0.867), blackeye (0.771), cream (0.729), browneye (0.700), and red (0.623), respectively, but lower for black seeds, indicating that the NIR analyzer can be used to measure protein content for cowpea seeds with the five types of seed coat except black. Overview, the cowpea seed protein content measured from the NIR analyzer showed a little higher seed protein content. A series of regression models with different seed coat color have been built to adjust to protein content of colorful cowpea seeds from the NIR analyzer. But, it is not recommended to use for black color seeds due to a very low correlation efficiency (r) value with 0.184.
文摘Use of a single seed is very useful for genetic studies on Vitis vinifera. However, molecular markers require a fair amount of high purity DNA. Grapevine contains high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, tannins and other secondary metabolites. These compounds may hamper the DNA isolation processes and subsequent analysis. In this study we have compared two DNA isolation methods: the NucleoSpin Plant II method and a modified protocol from Doyle and Doyle. The average value of 260/280 nm absorption ratio, which is used to assess the purity of DNA and RNA was 1.8 (accepted as “pure” DNA) and 0.9 (presence of protein or other contaminants) for the first and second method, respectively. Using the NucleoSpin protocol, from a single seed (20 - 35 mg) we obtained an average yield of extracted DNA of 24.8 ± 5.2 to 38.4 ± 11.5 ng·mg-1 dry weight. Among the two protocols examined, the NucleoSpin method was more efficient and gave better quality of DNA values compared to those from the modified Doyle and Doyle procedures.
基金Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Project(CARS-23-G-05)Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2019-3-2-1)the Third Batch of"Giant Plan"Vegetable Scientific Research and Innovation Team Project in Hebei Province.
文摘Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）.[Method] First,effects of soaking seeds with clear water and different concentrations of saline solution were compared; then,different concentrations of salt solution （0.2％-1.0％） was used to treat radish during the whole germination period.[Result] soaking seeds with clear water can improve the germination indicators of radish seeds exposed to high salt stress; low salt concentration（0.2％,0.4％） had little effect on the growth indicators of radish seedlings,and 0.2％ salt concentration can even promote the growth of radish seedlings,however,the high salinity had a bad inhibition on seedling growth,the higher the salt concentration,the stronger the inhibition.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive comparison,the order of the six varieties in salt-tolerance was as follows：Xinxiayuanbai＞W1029,Xiayuanbai ＞ Nanyangbailizhi,Chunyidianhong＞ Sijihong 3.
