BnaUBP15s positively regulates seed size and seed weight in Brassica napus

Brassica napus(B.napus)is a globally significant oilseed crop,making a substantial contribution to both human oil and livestock feed production.Enhancing seed weight is crucial for improving rapeseed yield;however,only a limited number of seed weight-related genes have been functionally validated in B.napus thus far.UBIQUITINSPECIFIC PROTEASE 15(UBP15)belongs to the ubiquitin protease pathway and plays a maternal role in prolonging seed development in Arabidopsis.The potential utilization of UBP15 for enhancing seed yield in B.napus has remained unexplored until now.In this study,we identified the orthologs of UBP15 in B.napus and investigated its functionality using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.We generated mutant plants with multiple editing types targeting Bnaubp15s and successfully isolated T-DNA-free homozygous mutant lines that exhibited edits across four homologs of BnaUBP15 in T2 generation plants.Our preliminary data demonstrated that mutation of BnaUBP15s significantly reduced seed size,seed weight,and plant height while noticeably increasing the number of primary branches.These findings not only provide crucial evidence for further elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of seed weight and size by BnaUBP15s but also offer promising novel germplasm for enhancing plant architecture.

Genetic dissection of and genomic selection for seed weight, pod length,and pod width in soybean

A biparental soybean population of 364 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)derived from Zhongdou 41×ZYD02.878 was used to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with hundred-seed weight(100-SW),pod length(PL),and pod width(PW).100-SW,PL,and PW showed moderate correlations among one another,and 100-SW was correlated most strongly with PW(0.64–0.74).Respectively 74,70,75 and19 QTL accounting for 38.7%–78.8%of total phenotypic variance were identified by inclusive composite interval mapping,restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association analysis,3 variancecomponent multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model analysis,and conditional genome-wide association analysis.Of these QTL,189 were novel,and 24 were detected by multiple methods.Six loci were associated with 100-SW,PL,and PW and may be pleiotropic loci.A total of 284 candidate genes were identified in colocalizing QTL regions,including the verified gene Seed thickness 1(ST1).Eleven genes with functions involved in pectin biosynthesis,phytohormone,ubiquitin-protein,and photosynthesis pathways were prioritized by examining single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)variation,calculating genetic differentiation index,and inquiring gene expression.The prediction accuracies of genomic selection(GS)for 100-SW,PL,and PW based on single trait-associated markers reached 0.82,0.76,and 0.86 respectively,but selection index(SI)-assisted GS strategy did not increase GS efficiency and inclusion of trait-associated markers as fixed effects reduced prediction accuracy.These results shed light on the genetic basis of 100-SW,PL,and PW and provide GS models for these traits with potential application in breeding programs.

Detection of new candidate genes controlling seed weight by integrating gene coexpression analysis and QTL mapping in Brassica napus L.

Seed weight is a component of seed yield in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Although quantitative trait loci(QTL)for seed weight have been reported in rapeseed,only a few causal quantitative trait genes(QTGs)have been identified,resulting in a limitation in understanding of seed weight regulation.We constructed a gene coexpression network at the early seed developmental stage using transcripts of 20,408 genes in QTL intervals and 1017 rapeseed homologs of known genes from other species.Among the 10 modules in this gene coexpression network,modules 1 and 2 were core modules and contained genes involved in source–flow–sink processes such as synthesis and transportation of fatty acid and protein,and photosynthesis.A hub gene SERINE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-LIKE 19(SCPL19)was identified by candidate gene association analysis in rapeseed and functionally investigated using Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant and overexpression lines.Our study demonstrates the power of gene coexpression analysis to prioritize candidate genes from large candidate QTG sets and enhances the understanding of molecular mechanism for seed weight at the early developmental stage in rapeseed.

Meta-Analysis of 100-Seed Weight QTLs in Soybean

100-seed weight is a very complicated quantitative trait of yield. The study of gene mapping for yield trait in soybean is very important for application. However, the mapping result of 100-seed weight was dispersed, the public map should be chosen which was suitable for the published results integrated, and to improve yield. In this research, an integrated map of 100-seed weight QTLs in soybean had been established with soymap2 published in 2004 as a reference map. QTLs of 100-seed weight in soybean were collected in recent 20 yr. With the software BioMercator 2.1, QTLs from their own maps were projected to the reference map. From published papers, 65 QTLs of 100-seed weight were collected and 53 QTLs were integrated, including 17 reductive effect QTLs and 36 additive effect QTLs. 12 clusters of QTLs were found in the integrated map. A method of meta-analysis was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 6 additive QTLs and 6 reductive QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained respectively. The minimum confidence interval （C.I.） was shrunk to 1.52 cM. These results would lay the foundation for marker-assisted selection and mapping QTL precisely, as well as QTL gene cloning in soybean.

Dt1 inhibits SWEET-mediated sucrose transport to regulate photoperiod-dependent seed weight in soybean

Soybean is a photoperiod-sensitive short-day crop whose reproductive period and yield are markedly affected by day-length changes.Seed weight is one of the key traits determining the soybean yield;how-ever,the prominent genes that control the final seed weight of soybean and the mechanisms underlying the photoperiod's effect on this trait remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify SwW19 as a major locus controlling soybean seed weight by QTL mapping and determine Dt1,an orthologous gene of Arabidopsis TFL1 that is known to govern the soybean growth habit,as the causal gene of the SW19 locus.We showed that Dt1 is highly expressed in developing seeds and regulates photoperiod-dependent seed weight in soybean.Further analyses revealed that the Dt1 protein physically interacts with the sucrose transporter GmSWEET10a to negatively regulate the import of sucrose from seed coat to the embryo,thus modulating seed weight under long days.However,Dt1 does not function in seed development under short days due to its very low expression.Importantly,we discovered a novel natural allelic variant of Dt1(H4 haplotype)that decouples its pleiotropic effects on seed size and growth habit;i.e.,this variant remains functional in seed development but fails to regulate the stem growth habit of soybean.Collectively,our findings provide new insights into how soybean seed development responds to photoperiod at different latitudes,offering an ideal genetic component for improving soybean's yield by manipulating its seed weightandgrowth habit.

Differential SW16.1 allelic effects and genetic backgrounds contributed to increased seed weight after soybean domestication

Although seed weight has increased following domestication from wild soybean(Glycine soja) to cultivated soybean(Glycine max), the genetic basis underlying this change is unclear. Using mapping populations derived from chromosome segment substitution lines of wild soybean, we identified SW16.1 as the causative gene underlying a major quantitative trait locus controlling seed weight.SW16.1 encodes a nucleus-localized LIM domaincontaining protein. Importantly, the GsSW16.1 allele from wild soybean accession N24852 had a negative effect on seed weight, whereas the GmSW16.1 allele from cultivar NN1138-2 had a positive effect. Gene expression network analysis,reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and promoter-luciferase reporter transient expression assays suggested that SW16.1 regulates the transcription of MT4, a positive regulator of seed weight. The natural variations in SW16.1 and other known seed weight genes were analyzed in soybean germplasm. The SW16.1 polymorphism was associated with seed weight in 247 soybean accessions, showing much higher frequency of positive-effect alleles in cultivated soybean than in wild soybean. Interestingly,gene allele matrix analysis of the known seed weight genes revealed that G. max has lost 38.5%of the G. soja alleles and that most of the lost alleles had negative effects on seed weight. Our results suggest that eliminating negative alleles from G. soja led to a higher frequency of positive alleles and changed genetic backgrounds in G. max,which contributed to larger seeds in cultivated soybean after domestication from wild soybean.Our findings provide new insights regarding soybean domestication and should assist current soybean breeding programs.

A loss-of-function mutant allele of a glycosyl hydrolase gene has been co-opted for seed weight control during soybean domestication

The resultant DNA from loss-of-function mutation can be recruited in biological evolution and development.Here,we present such a rare and potential case of“to gain by loss”as a neomorphic mutation during soybean domestication for increasing seed weight.Using a population derived from a chromosome segment substitution line of Glycine max(SN14)and Glycine soja(ZYD06),a quantitative trait locus(QTL)of 100-seed weight(q HSW)was mapped on chromosome 11,corresponding to a truncatedβ-1,3-glucosidase(βGlu)gene.The novel gene hsw results from a 14-bp deletion,causing a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon in theβGlu.In contrast to HSW,the hsw completely lostβGlu activity and function but acquired a novel function to promote cell expansion,thus increasing seed weight.Overexpressing hsw instead of HSW produced large soybean seeds,and surprisingly,truncating hsw via gene editing further increased the seed size.We further found that the core 21-aa peptide of hsw and its variants acted as a promoter of seed size.Transcriptomic variation in these transgenic soybean lines substantiated the integration hsw into cell and seed size control.Moreover,the hsw allele underwent selection and expansion during soybean domestication and improvement.Our work cloned a likely domesticated QTL controlling soybean seed weight,revealed a novel genetic variation and mechanism in soybean domestication,and provided new insight into crop domestication and breeding,and plant evolution.

A PP2C-1 Allele Underlying a Quantitative Trait Locus Enhances Soybean l O0-Seed Weight

Cultivated soybeans may lose some useful genetic loci during domestication. Introgression of genes from wild soybeans could broaden the genetic background and improve soybean agronomic traits. In this study, through whole-genome sequencing of a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between a wild soybean ZYD7 and a cultivated soybean HN44, and mapping of quantitative trait loci for seed weight, we discovered that a phosphatase 2C-1 （PP2C-1） allele from wild soybean ZYD7 contributes to the increase in seed weight/size. PP2C-1 may achieve this function by enhancing cell size of integument and activating a subset of seed trait-related genes. We found that PP2C-1 is associ- ated with GmBZR1, a soybean ortholog of Arabidopsis BZR1, one of key transcription factors in brassi- nosteroid （BR） signaling, and facilitate accumulation of dephosphorylated GmBZR1. In contrast, the PP2C-2 allele with variations of a few amino acids at the N-terminus did not exhibit this function. More- over, we showed that GmBZR1 could promote seed weight/size in transgenic plants. Through analysis of cultivated soybean accessions, we found that 40% of the examined accessions do not have the PP2C-1 allele, suggesting that these accessions can be improved by introduction of this allele. Taken together, our study identifies an elite allele PP2C-1, which can enhance seed weight and/or size in soybean, and pinpoints that manipulation of this allele by molecular-assisted breeding may increase production in soybean and other legumes/crops.

大豆株型与产量相关性状QTL定位及候选基因预测

为探究与大豆株型和产量相关QTL位点及候选基因,对以东农42(♀)和东农50(♂)为亲本,与168个家系构建的F_(2:12)、F_(2:13)重组自交系(Recombination inbred lines,RILs)群体的株高、分枝数、四粒荚数、百粒重性状测定表型数据,运用IBM SPSS Statistics、R语言进行统计和相关性分析,并利用完备区间作图法(Inclusive composite interval mapping,ICIM)进行加性效应及上位效应分析,共计定位到43个QTL位点,贡献率超过10%的主效位点为14个,包括株高3个、分枝数8个、四粒荚数1个和百粒重2个;其中11个位点与前人已报道位点重合,分别位于4、6、8、16和19号染色体上;qBN-6-2(13.21%)、qBN-6-5(19.96%)和qBN-6-6(13.69%)为3个环境重复定位到的位点,qHSW-19-1与多个已报道位点均有重合。通过上位性分析,获得株高、分枝数、四粒荚数和百粒重位点分别为3、6、6和62对。根据所定位到的物理区间和定量预测,筛选到Glyma.04G238800、Glyma.03G181600、Glyma.08G271900、Glyma.18G278800和Glyma.19G187000等5个与株高、分枝数、四粒荚数和百粒重性状相关的候选基因,为分子辅助育种奠定基础。

Rapid Determination of Seed Number and Thousand Kernel Weight of Asparagus officinalis L.Using Image Processing Method

Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.

Diversity in seed oil content and fatty acid composition in Acer species with potential as sources of nervonic acid

Nervonic acid(NA,cis-15-tetracosenoic acid)is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to be a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells.It can be used to treat and prevent many neurological diseases.At present,commercially available NA is mainly derived from Acer truncatum seeds,which contain about 5%e6%NA in their seed oil.The aim of this study were to identify and analyze NA-containing Acer species that could be used as NA resource plants.For this purpose,46 Acer species seeds were collected in China and in some or all of the seed oils from these species 15 fatty acids were detected,including linoleic acid,oleic acid(C18:1D9,C18:1D11),erucic acid,palmitic acid,NA,linolenic acid(C18:3D6,9,12,C18:3D9,12,15),eicosenoic acid(C20:1D11,C20:1D13),stearic acid,behenic acid,tetracosanoic acid,arachidic acid,and docosadienoic acid.Nervonic acid was detected in all samples,but the content was highly variable among species.NA content over 9%was detected in eleven species,of which Acer elegantulum had the highest levels(13.90%).The seed oil content,seed weight,and fatty acid profiles varied among species,but the comprehensive evaluation value(W)showed that A.coriaceifolium could be a new potential NA resources plant.The results also showed that NA was significantly negatively correlated with palmitic acid,oleic acid,and eicosenoic acid,but positively correlated with eicosadienoic acid,behenic acid,erucic acid,and tetracosanoic acid,which indicate the probable pathway for NA biosynthesis in Acer plants.This study has identified Acer species that may serve as NA resources and will help guide subsequent species breeding programs.

Effects of grazing intensity on seed production of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic aridity gradient in the Inner Mongolia Steppe,China

As the increases of climatic aridity and grazing intensity, shrubs play an increasingly important role in grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions, and its abundance also generally increases. However, the effects of climatic aridity and grazing intensity on sexual reproduction of shrubs in grassland remain largely unclear. In order to understand the effects of grazing intensity and climatic drought stress, and their interaction on seed production of shrub species, we examined the seed number, seed weight and seed yield of Caragana stenophylla under three grazing intensities （fenced, mild grazing and severe grazing） across a climatic aridity gradient （semi-arid, arid, very arid and intensively arid zones） in the Inner Mongolia Steppe, northern China during 2012-2013. The seed number, seed weight and seed yield gradually increased from the semi-arid to the very arid zones, but decreased from the very arid to the intensively arid zones in fenced plots. The seed number and seed yield decreased from the semi-arid to the intensively arid zones in mild and severe grazing treatment plots, therefore, grazing enhanced the suppression effect of climatic aridity on seed production of C. stenophylla. The seed number and seed yield gradually decreased as grazing intensity increased. The seed weight was highest in severe grazing plots, followed by the mild grazing plots and then the fenced plots. Precipitation varied interannually during the study period. We observed that the seed number seed weight and seed yield were lower in the low precipitation year （2013） than in the high precipitation year （2012）. As climatic drought stress increased, the negative effects of grazing on seed production of C. stenophylla also gradually increased. Our results indicated that climatic drought stress may contribute to the encroachment of C. stenophylla shrub in arid zones by promoting its seed production. However, grazing had negative effects on sexual reproduction of C. stenophylla, and the combined effects of drought stress and grazing seriously suppressed sexual reproduction of C. stenophylla in the intensively arid zone.

芥菜型油菜AHK家族成员的全基因组鉴定及调控粒质量性状的初步探索

为探究芥菜型油菜AHK家族蛋白的结构特征及其与粒质量性状相关的调控功能,采用生物信息学方法对芥菜型油菜AHK家族成员进行了全基因组鉴定、理化性质、系统发育树、蛋白结构、启动子顺式元件和不同组织表达谱等分析。结果表明,在芥菜型油菜基因组中共鉴定到19条BjAHK蛋白序列,系统发育树分析将BjAHK家族成员分为了4个分支,即G1(BjAHK2~BjAHK4)、G2(BjAHK5)、G3(BjAHK1)和G4(BjCKI1)。功能结构域研究发现,BjAHK家族成员具有6个核心基序(Motif1~Motif6),与HisKA、HATPase_c和REC保守结构域相对应,其中BjAHK1~BjAHK4和BjCKI1蛋白的N端含有较为保守的跨膜结构域,可能与其跨膜作用功能有关。不同组织表达谱研究发现,细胞分裂素受体蛋白基因(BjAHK2~BjAHK4)为泛表达基因,且在根组织中表达量最高。结合已有的芥菜型油菜粒质量性状转录组数据,成功挖掘出4个可能参与粒质量性状调控的基因BjA07.AHK3、BjB03.AHK3、BjA10.AHK5和BjB05.AHK5。其中,BjA07.AHK3和BjB03.AHK3可能正向调控种子发育,而BjA10.AHK5和BjB05.AHK5则负向调控。结合BjAHK基因家族分析和转录组测序结果,推测BjAHK3和BjAHK5基因在调控芥菜型油菜种子发育方面发挥重要功能。

Variability in cone and seed characteristics and seed testing in various provenances of Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana)

Abstract： We investigated the effect of provenance variation on cone and seed morphology and germination behaviunr under different pretreatments in Picea smithiana. Three categories of cones were recognized： large （13.18 cm×3.30 cm-15.42 cm × 4.35 cm）, medium （10.85 cm × 3.93 cm-12.18 cm× 3.98 cm） and small （7.69 cm× 3.06-10.98 cm× 3.39 cm）. Significant variation was observed for various cone and seed characteristics. Seeds moisture content varied from 44.48% to 56.91%, seed size from 0.64 cmx 0.31 cm （largest seed） to 0.49 cm× 0.10 cm （smallest seed）, and the seed weight from 2.45 g per 100 seeds to 1.36 g per 100 seeds on fresh weight basis of P. smithiana. The highest seed germination （72.0±7.53%） at 10℃ was observed under chilling treatment in Tapovan provenance, while the minimum （15.0±5.71%） seed germination was recorded at 25℃ under control set in Tapovan provenance. Further among all the sources Pandukeshwar consistently had the highest average （38%） percent germination across all treatments. Compared to other temperature regimes and pretreatments, seeds subjected to 10℃ and chilling treatment had the highest germination and took the least time for germination irrespective of provenance effects. Altitude （provenance） had little or no relationship with germination following laboratory treatments. Seeds from Tapovan provenance subjected at 10℃ following chilling treatment may be suggested for further multiplication of this species.

基于数据库挖掘、网络药理学和试验验证探究葡萄籽多酚缓解溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制

本试验旨在探究葡萄籽多酚缓解葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎的机制。试验选用GEO数据库中的两个数据集,使用sva包对其进行整合后,通过加权基因共表达网络的方法鉴定与溃疡性结肠炎相关的基因模块,并利用基因本体论数据库和京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库对基因功能进行注释;使用液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测葡萄籽多酚主要成分,选取含量前10的成分,利用TCMSP、DrugBank、SwissTargetPrediction等数据库和靶点预测工具获取其作用的靶点,并与先前鉴定的溃疡性结肠炎相关模块的基因取交集,使用蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析,得到葡萄籽多酚缓解溃疡性结肠炎的关键靶点;使用分子对接验证葡萄籽多酚主要成分与关键靶点的连接活性;利用Raw264.7细胞系,通过荧光定量PCR鉴定葡萄籽多酚对关键靶点基因的影响。结果表明,有3个基因模块与溃疡性结肠炎表型高度相关,且模块内的基因主要与炎症反应、细胞周期和代谢、细胞的趋化等功能相关;葡萄籽多酚的主要成分分别为儿茶素、表儿茶素、原花青素B2、刺柄芒花素等,这些成分作用的靶点基因与溃疡性结肠炎相关模块的基因有15个相同,而在这15个基因中,前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2、基质金属酶9、白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α因为在网络中有最高的连接度而被认为是关键靶点;葡萄籽多酚含量最高的10个成分与这4个靶点均具有良好的连接活性,荧光定量PCR也证明了葡萄籽多酚能影响这4个靶点基因的表达。综上,葡萄籽多酚最有可能通过影响前列腺素内过氧化物合酶成2、基质金属酶9、白介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α来缓解溃疡性结肠炎。

Culling phenotypically inferior trees in seed production area enhances seed and seedling quality of Acacia auriculiformis

Improvement in seed and seedling quality of Acacia auriculiformis after culling phenotypically inferior trees was studied in a 6-year old seed production area （SPA）. A 5-ha plantation was identified, of which 2.3 ha was converted into SPA. The initial stocking, 1 612 trees·ha^-1, was thinned down to 982 trees·ha^-1 based on growth characteristics. The following fruiting season, seeds were collected from 10 randomly selected trees in culled and non-culled stands, and seed physical characters, germination and seedling traits were assessed. Seed weight, seed thickness and percentage germination increased by 32.1%, 4.43% and 22.37%, respectively in the culled stand compared to the non-culled stand. Culling also increased the speed of germination, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index. Heritability values were high for seed weight （0.974） and seed thickness （0.948） while medium values were observed for percentage germination （0.577） and total dry weight （0.534）. Predicted genetic gain was 11.13% and 11.22% for seed weight and percentage germination, respectively. The actual gain was 32.1, 51.9 and 22.9% for seed weight, percentage germination and total dry matter, respectively. In conclusion, SPAs established by culling inferior trees could serve as sources of good quality seeds for reforestation programs until genetically improved seeds are made available.

Maturity indices of Indian horse-chestnut (Aesculus indica Colebr.) seeds under temperate Kashmir conditions

Our study on maturity indices of Aesculus indica Colebr. seeds was conducted under temperate Kashmir conditions in 2006. Seed collection was started from 15 July and continued until the maturation of seeds in December. The seeds were harvested fortnightly from identified trees and on each collection date maturity indices, viz. seed color, seed weight, moisture content, seed dimension, specific gravity and germination percentage were recorded. The study revealed that at the time of maturity （Nov.-Dec.） the seed color was a shiny chocolate brown, with a moisture content of 58.37% and a specific gravity of 0.82. Germination was maximum （80%） at its maturity with a maximum seed weight of 52.03 g per seed. We recommend that the seeds should be collected before their natural disposal.

优质强筋春小麦种质筛选及高分子量谷蛋白序列分析

小麦是重要的口粮作物,加工品质的遗传改良是小麦育种的重要目标之一。为了丰富小麦加工品质育种的基因资源,本研究在收集的种质资源中筛选出农艺性状优良的SG-1、SG-2和SG-3,并对其进行加工品质分析和籽粒储藏蛋白组成分析,并评估它们在育种上的利用价值和方式,使用SDS-PAGE、A-PAGE、高分子量谷蛋白亚基编码基因测序、SDS沉降值分析等技术,对这些小麦品种的籽粒储藏蛋白亚基组成进行分析。研究发现,SG-1携带非优质的高分子量谷蛋白亚基Dx2+Dy12,而SG-2和SG-3携带优质的高分子量谷蛋白亚基Dx5+Dy10。在醇溶蛋白方面,3份资源都检测到了γ-1型醇溶蛋白,但只有SG-3检测到了γ-2型醇溶蛋白。加工品质分析显示,SG-1的加工品质优于天津推广的优质强筋春小麦品种津强6号。高分子量谷蛋白亚基序列分析发现,SG-1和SG-3在By8亚基存在序列变异,表明尽管它们在SDS-PAGE水平上亚基类型一致,但在DNA序列上仍然存在变异。本研究结果初步解释了携带优质亚基的小麦品种在加工品质上表现不佳的原因可能是DNA序列存在差异。同时,研究人员还发现携带非优质亚基但具有优良加工品质的SG-1,说明SG-1可能存在其他能够提升小麦加工品质的机制。本研究拓宽了小麦加工品质育种的基因资源,并为加工品质形成机制的解析提供了新的资源和理论依据。

杉木第3代种子园无性系种实性状及冠幅性状变异研究

为评估第3代杉木种子园的建园成效,对漳平五一国有林场第3代杉木种子园的90个无性系的种实性状开展变异规律分析。结果表明,不同建园材料的表型性状间变异明显,变异幅度呈现以下趋势:出籽量>出籽率>单株球果鲜重>千粒重>冠幅,且各性状间存在显著相关性;冠幅及单株球果鲜重在不同无性系间也存在极显著差异。初选20个优良无性系平均单株球果鲜重、出籽量、出籽率、千粒重和冠幅比群体均值分别提高了24.33%、38.13%、26.15%、10.47%和9.88%。初步评估结果表明,杉木3代不同建园材料的种实性状遗传变异丰富,为后续育种工作提供材料基础;后续可实施育种精细选育并加强建园经营管理;此外,应对筛选出的优良无性系进一步开展测定评估,以此为下一代种子园建设提供建园材料。

基于seeds集和频繁项集挖掘的半监督聚类算法

半监督聚类在无监督学习中通过对少量监督信息的有效利用提高聚类性能。提出一种基于seeds集的半监督聚类算法,它采用Apiori算法对初始seeds集和扩大规模后seeds集的数据进行频繁项集挖掘,使得数据中存在的噪音数据和误标记数据得到净化、修正,以改善seeds集质量,提高聚类性能。该算法使用带权χ2测试这一数学模型作为分类规则度量指标,以对无标记数据进行类标签值预测。实验结果显示,所提出的结合了频繁项集挖掘和带权χ2测试的基于seeds集的半监督聚类算法不仅改善了seeds集质量,也提高了预测结果的精确度,优化了聚类性能。