Carbon emissions have become a critical concern in the global effort to combat climate change,with each country or region contributing differently based on its economic structures,energy sources,and industrial activit...Carbon emissions have become a critical concern in the global effort to combat climate change,with each country or region contributing differently based on its economic structures,energy sources,and industrial activities.The factors influencing carbon emissions vary across countries and sectors.This study examined the factors influencing CO_(2)emissions in the 7 South American countries including Argentina,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,Peru,and Venezuela.We used the Seemingly Unrelated Regression(SUR)model to analyse the relationship of CO_(2)emissions with gross domestic product(GDP),renewable energy use,urbanization,industrialization,international tourism,agricultural productivity,and forest area based on data from 2000 to 2022.According to the SUR model,we found that GDP and industrialization had a moderate positive effect on CO_(2)emissions,whereas renewable energy use had a moderate negative effect on CO_(2)emissions.International tourism generally had a positive impact on CO_(2)emissions,while forest area tended to decrease CO_(2)emissions.Different variables had different effects on CO_(2)emissions in the 7 South American countries.In Argentina and Venezuela,GDP,international tourism,and agricultural productivity significantly affected CO_(2)emissions.In Colombia,GDP and international tourism had a negative impact on CO_(2)emissions.In Brazil,CO_(2)emissions were primarily driven by GDP,while in Chile,Ecuador,and Peru,international tourism had a negative effect on CO_(2)emissions.Overall,this study highlights the importance of country-specific strategies for reducing CO_(2)emissions and emphasizes the varying roles of these driving factors in shaping environmental quality in the 7 South American countries.展开更多
Based on the China Customs Database and the China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper estimates the proportions of imports and exports by air of Chinese firms and variables that may influence such proportions....Based on the China Customs Database and the China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper estimates the proportions of imports and exports by air of Chinese firms and variables that may influence such proportions. Through OLS regression and seemingly unrelated regression(SUR), this paper analyzes the possible determinants of the share of trade by air. Our findings suggest that the TFP of firms is positively correlated with the share of trade by air. The ratio of value-added in exports is positively correlated with the share of imports by air and negatively correlated with the share of exports by air; the average distance of transport is significantly positively correlated with the share of trade by air in full-sample and grouped regressions. Rising TFP increases the share of imports and exports by air the most for processing trade firms, particularly for firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. An increase in the ratio of value-added in exports increases the share of imports by air the most for general trade firms, and also significantly influences the use of air transport by firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. These conclusions offer valuable policy references for promoting trade in various parts of China and especially the inland regions.展开更多
文摘Carbon emissions have become a critical concern in the global effort to combat climate change,with each country or region contributing differently based on its economic structures,energy sources,and industrial activities.The factors influencing carbon emissions vary across countries and sectors.This study examined the factors influencing CO_(2)emissions in the 7 South American countries including Argentina,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,Peru,and Venezuela.We used the Seemingly Unrelated Regression(SUR)model to analyse the relationship of CO_(2)emissions with gross domestic product(GDP),renewable energy use,urbanization,industrialization,international tourism,agricultural productivity,and forest area based on data from 2000 to 2022.According to the SUR model,we found that GDP and industrialization had a moderate positive effect on CO_(2)emissions,whereas renewable energy use had a moderate negative effect on CO_(2)emissions.International tourism generally had a positive impact on CO_(2)emissions,while forest area tended to decrease CO_(2)emissions.Different variables had different effects on CO_(2)emissions in the 7 South American countries.In Argentina and Venezuela,GDP,international tourism,and agricultural productivity significantly affected CO_(2)emissions.In Colombia,GDP and international tourism had a negative impact on CO_(2)emissions.In Brazil,CO_(2)emissions were primarily driven by GDP,while in Chile,Ecuador,and Peru,international tourism had a negative effect on CO_(2)emissions.Overall,this study highlights the importance of country-specific strategies for reducing CO_(2)emissions and emphasizes the varying roles of these driving factors in shaping environmental quality in the 7 South American countries.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)General Program:"Railway Construction,Production Efficiency and Balanced Industrial Development"(Project Code 71873106)
文摘Based on the China Customs Database and the China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper estimates the proportions of imports and exports by air of Chinese firms and variables that may influence such proportions. Through OLS regression and seemingly unrelated regression(SUR), this paper analyzes the possible determinants of the share of trade by air. Our findings suggest that the TFP of firms is positively correlated with the share of trade by air. The ratio of value-added in exports is positively correlated with the share of imports by air and negatively correlated with the share of exports by air; the average distance of transport is significantly positively correlated with the share of trade by air in full-sample and grouped regressions. Rising TFP increases the share of imports and exports by air the most for processing trade firms, particularly for firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. An increase in the ratio of value-added in exports increases the share of imports by air the most for general trade firms, and also significantly influences the use of air transport by firms in the eastern region and foreign-funded firms. These conclusions offer valuable policy references for promoting trade in various parts of China and especially the inland regions.
