All underwater drilling and blasting operations generate seismic waves.However,due to a lack of suitable vibration sensing instruments,most studies on the propagation of seismic waves have been limited to shorelines n...All underwater drilling and blasting operations generate seismic waves.However,due to a lack of suitable vibration sensing instruments,most studies on the propagation of seismic waves have been limited to shorelines near construction areas or wharfs,whereas comparatively few studies have beerconducted on the larger seafloor itself.To address this gap,a seafloor vibration sensor system was developed and applied in this study that consists of an autonomous acquisition storage terminal,soft-ware platform,and hole-plugging device that was designed to record the blasting vibration intensities received through submarine rocks at a given measurement point.Additionally,dimensional analyses were used to derive a predictive equation for the strength of blast vibrations that considered the in fluence of the water depth.By combining reliable vibration data obtained using the sensor system in submarine rock and the developed predictive equation,it was determined that the water depth was ar important factor influencing the measured vibration strength.The results using the newly derivedequation were compared to those determined using the Sadowski equation,which is commonly used on land,and it was found that predictions using the derived equation were closer to the experimental values with an average error of less than 10%,representing a significant improvement.Based on these results the developed sensor system and preliminary theoretical basis was deemed suitable for studying the propagation behavior of submarine seismic waves generated by underwater drilling and blasting operations.展开更多
The predictions by drilling-related mechanical and geological models are in some degree inaccurate due to non-unique solution of seismic velocity model.To address this problem,a new drilling technology guided by well-...The predictions by drilling-related mechanical and geological models are in some degree inaccurate due to non-unique solution of seismic velocity model.To address this problem,a new drilling technology guided by well-seismic information integration is proposed which consists of seismic velocity update of drilled formations,seismic velocity prediction of the formation ahead of drilling bit,and the prediction of geological feature and drilling geological environmental factors ahead of bit.In this technology,real information(velocity,formation and depth)behind the drilling bit and local pre-stack seismic data around the wellbore being drilled are used to correct the primitive seismic velocity field for a re-migration of seismic data and to update geological features and drilling geological environmental factors ahead of the drilling bit.Field application shows that this technology can describe and predict the geological features,drilling geological environmental factors and complex drilling problems ahead of the bit timely and improve the prediction efficiency and accuracy greatly.These new updated results are able to provide scientific basis for optimizing drilling decisions.展开更多
Field experimental seismic sounding permitted us to obtain optimal shallow seismic reflection sounding parameters.In process of data processing,we obtained a high-qualitative shallow seismic reflection sounding profil...Field experimental seismic sounding permitted us to obtain optimal shallow seismic reflection sounding parameters.In process of data processing,we obtained a high-qualitative shallow seismic reflection sounding profile by using the techniques such as filtering,edition surgical blanking,prediction deconvolution,fitting static correlation of first arrival time,and velocity analysis.Comprehensive analysis on the information of reflection wave groups along the seismic sounding profile and the stratigraphic and neogeochronological data obtained from many drills near the sounding line reveals that the upper termination of the detected fault zone is located at depth of 75~80 m,in the Middle Pleistocene deposits dated to be about 220 ka BP.The continuity,discontinuity,increasing and decreasing amount of reflection wave groups and change of their configurations,in combination with geological columns of drills,permitted us to know that the width of upper termination of the fault zone is 100 m.It can be inferred from the variation of number of reflection wave groups along the profile that the scarp of hidden fault is 200 m wide and the fault is a synsedimentary active fault in the Early Pleistocene and the early stage of Middle Pleistocene.No tectonic movement,which offset the covering deposits,had occurred since the late stage of Middle Pleistocene.展开更多
The Taihang Mountain piedmont fault is a large-scale structure zone in north and east China which cross Beijing,with the NE-NNE extent spans approximately 620 km.It is very important to determine the fault zone activi...The Taihang Mountain piedmont fault is a large-scale structure zone in north and east China which cross Beijing,with the NE-NNE extent spans approximately 620 km.It is very important to determine the fault zone activity due to the close relation of active structures and earthquakes.Regarding the fault activity,there are three different opinions:1) it is a large deep fault zone;2) it is an active fault zone and an earthquake structure belt;and 3) it is not an earthquake structure belt.In order to ascertain the active character of the fault,the deep tectonic setting and the activity since the Quaternary were investigated using recent seismic and drilling data to make a joint interpretation.The investigation results show that the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault is not a large lithospheric fault because the early middle Pleistocene(Q(P2)) layers are offset by the fault and the late middle Pleistocene(Q(P2)) and late Pleistocene layers are not offset by the fault.We determine that the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault in the area is not an active fault and is also not a large lithospheric fault.This study result provides important geological and geophysical data for city planning and construction in Hebei province and, especially,has great significance for seismic hazard assessment of the capital area.展开更多
Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migra...Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still unclear.In this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape pipes.The findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and reactivation.Gas chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two faults.Their reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.展开更多
文摘All underwater drilling and blasting operations generate seismic waves.However,due to a lack of suitable vibration sensing instruments,most studies on the propagation of seismic waves have been limited to shorelines near construction areas or wharfs,whereas comparatively few studies have beerconducted on the larger seafloor itself.To address this gap,a seafloor vibration sensor system was developed and applied in this study that consists of an autonomous acquisition storage terminal,soft-ware platform,and hole-plugging device that was designed to record the blasting vibration intensities received through submarine rocks at a given measurement point.Additionally,dimensional analyses were used to derive a predictive equation for the strength of blast vibrations that considered the in fluence of the water depth.By combining reliable vibration data obtained using the sensor system in submarine rock and the developed predictive equation,it was determined that the water depth was ar important factor influencing the measured vibration strength.The results using the newly derivedequation were compared to those determined using the Sadowski equation,which is commonly used on land,and it was found that predictions using the derived equation were closer to the experimental values with an average error of less than 10%,representing a significant improvement.Based on these results the developed sensor system and preliminary theoretical basis was deemed suitable for studying the propagation behavior of submarine seismic waves generated by underwater drilling and blasting operations.
基金Supported by the Sinopec Scientific Research Project(P17030-4)
文摘The predictions by drilling-related mechanical and geological models are in some degree inaccurate due to non-unique solution of seismic velocity model.To address this problem,a new drilling technology guided by well-seismic information integration is proposed which consists of seismic velocity update of drilled formations,seismic velocity prediction of the formation ahead of drilling bit,and the prediction of geological feature and drilling geological environmental factors ahead of bit.In this technology,real information(velocity,formation and depth)behind the drilling bit and local pre-stack seismic data around the wellbore being drilled are used to correct the primitive seismic velocity field for a re-migration of seismic data and to update geological features and drilling geological environmental factors ahead of the drilling bit.Field application shows that this technology can describe and predict the geological features,drilling geological environmental factors and complex drilling problems ahead of the bit timely and improve the prediction efficiency and accuracy greatly.These new updated results are able to provide scientific basis for optimizing drilling decisions.
基金A High-new Technique Project by State Development and Planning Commission of China (2001977).
文摘Field experimental seismic sounding permitted us to obtain optimal shallow seismic reflection sounding parameters.In process of data processing,we obtained a high-qualitative shallow seismic reflection sounding profile by using the techniques such as filtering,edition surgical blanking,prediction deconvolution,fitting static correlation of first arrival time,and velocity analysis.Comprehensive analysis on the information of reflection wave groups along the seismic sounding profile and the stratigraphic and neogeochronological data obtained from many drills near the sounding line reveals that the upper termination of the detected fault zone is located at depth of 75~80 m,in the Middle Pleistocene deposits dated to be about 220 ka BP.The continuity,discontinuity,increasing and decreasing amount of reflection wave groups and change of their configurations,in combination with geological columns of drills,permitted us to know that the width of upper termination of the fault zone is 100 m.It can be inferred from the variation of number of reflection wave groups along the profile that the scarp of hidden fault is 200 m wide and the fault is a synsedimentary active fault in the Early Pleistocene and the early stage of Middle Pleistocene.No tectonic movement,which offset the covering deposits,had occurred since the late stage of Middle Pleistocene.
基金supported by the Fund Project:Subsidized by the Project of City Active Fault Detection and Seismic Risk Assessment in Hebei Province(Handan City).
文摘The Taihang Mountain piedmont fault is a large-scale structure zone in north and east China which cross Beijing,with the NE-NNE extent spans approximately 620 km.It is very important to determine the fault zone activity due to the close relation of active structures and earthquakes.Regarding the fault activity,there are three different opinions:1) it is a large deep fault zone;2) it is an active fault zone and an earthquake structure belt;and 3) it is not an earthquake structure belt.In order to ascertain the active character of the fault,the deep tectonic setting and the activity since the Quaternary were investigated using recent seismic and drilling data to make a joint interpretation.The investigation results show that the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault is not a large lithospheric fault because the early middle Pleistocene(Q(P2)) layers are offset by the fault and the late middle Pleistocene(Q(P2)) and late Pleistocene layers are not offset by the fault.We determine that the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault in the area is not an active fault and is also not a large lithospheric fault.This study result provides important geological and geophysical data for city planning and construction in Hebei province and, especially,has great significance for seismic hazard assessment of the capital area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376221,42276083)Director Research Fund Project of Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey(2023GMGSJZJJ00030)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2800901)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B030103003)the project of the China Geological Survey(DD20230064).
文摘Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still unclear.In this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape pipes.The findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and reactivation.Gas chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two faults.Their reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.