Data processing of the Kuiyang-ST2000 deep-towed high-resolution multichannel seismic system and application to South China Sea data

The Kuiyang-ST2000 deep-towed high-resolution multichannel seismic system was designed by the First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources(FIO,MNR).The system is mainly composed of a plasma spark source(source level:216 dB,main frequency:750 Hz,frequency bandwidth:150-1200 Hz)and a towed hydrophone streamer with 48 channels.Because the source and the towed hydrophone streamer are constantly moving according to the towing configuration,the accurate positioning of the towing hydrophone array and the moveout correction of deep-towed multichannel seismic data processing before imaging are challenging.Initially,according to the characteristics of the system and the towing streamer shape in deep water,travel-time positioning method was used to construct the hydrophone streamer shape,and the results were corrected by using the polynomial curve fitting method.Then,a new data-processing workflow for Kuiyang-ST2000 system data was introduced,mainly including float datum setting,residual static correction,phase-based moveout correction,which allows the imaging algorithms of conventional marine seismic data processing to extend to deep-towed seismic data.We successfully applied the Kuiyang-ST2000 system and methodology of data processing to a gas hydrate survey of the Qiongdongnan and Shenhu areas in the South China Sea,and the results show that the profile has very high vertical and lateral resolutions(0.5 m and 8 m,respectively),which can provide full and accurate details of gas hydrate-related and geohazard sedimentary and structural features in the South China Sea.

A reweighted damped singular spectrum analysis method for robust seismic noise suppression

(Multichannel)Singular spectrum analysis is considered as one of the most effective methods for seismic incoherent noise suppression.It utilizes the low-rank feature of seismic signal and regards the noise suppression as a low-rank reconstruction problem.However,in some cases the seismic geophones receive some erratic disturbances and the amplitudes are dramatically larger than other receivers.The presence of this kind of noise,called erratic noise,makes singular spectrum analysis(SSA)reconstruction unstable and has undesirable effects on the final results.We robustify the low-rank reconstruction of seismic data by a reweighted damped SSA(RD-SSA)method.It incorporates the damped SSA,an improved version of SSA,into a reweighted framework.The damping operator is used to weaken the artificial disturbance introduced by the low-rank projection of both erratic and random noise.The central idea of the RD-SSA method is to iteratively approximate the observed data with the quadratic norm for the first iteration and the Tukeys bisquare norm for the rest iterations.The RD-SSA method can suppress seismic incoherent noise and keep the reconstruction process robust to the erratic disturbance.The feasibility of RD-SSA is validated via both synthetic and field data examples.

Seismic high-resolution processing method based on spectral simulation and total variation regularization constraints

There is little low-and-high frequency information on seismic data in seismic exploration,resulting in narrower bandwidth and lower seismic resolution.It considerably restricts the prediction accuracy of thin reservoirs and thin interbeds.This study proposes a novel method to constrain improving seismic resolution in the time and frequency domain.The expected wavelet spectrum is used in the frequency domain to broaden the seismic spectrum range and increase the octave.In the time domain,the Frobenius vector regularization of the Hessian matrix is used to constrain the horizontal continuity of the seismic data.It eff ectively protects the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data while the longitudinal seismic resolution is improved.This method is applied to actual post-stack seismic data and pre-stack gathers dividedly.Without abolishing the phase characteristics of the original seismic data,the time resolution is signifi cantly improved,and the structural features are clearer.Compared with the traditional spectral simulation and deconvolution methods,the frequency distribution is more reasonable,and seismic data has higher resolution.

A novel technique for automatic seismic data processing using both integral and local feature of seismograms

A novel technique for automatic seismic data processing using both integral and local feature of seismograms was presented in this paper. Here, the term integral feature of seismograms refers to feature which may depict the shape of the whole seismograms. However, unlike some previous efforts which completely abandon the DIAL approach, i.e., signal detection, phase identifi- cation, association, and event localization, and seek to use envelope cross-correlation to detect seismic events directly, our technique keeps following the DIAL approach, but in addition to detect signals corresponding to individual seismic phases, it also detects continuous wave-trains and explores their feature for phase-type identification and signal association. More concrete ideas about how to define wave-trains and combine them with various detections, as well as how to measure and utilize their feature in the seismic data processing were expatiated in the paper. This approach has been applied to the routine data processing by us for years, and test results for a 16 days＇ period using data from the Xinjiang seismic station network were presented. The automatic processing results have fairly low false and missed event rate simultaneously, showing that the new technique has good application prospects for improvement of the automatic seismic data processing.

Seismic Data Processing Approaches for the Study of Gas Hydrates in the East China Sea

A comprehensive study of the data profiles, including the 2D seismic data, single channel seismic data, shallow sections, etc., reveals that gas hydrates occur in the East China Sea. A series of special techniques are used in the processing of seismic data, which include enhancing the accuracy of velocity analysis and resolution, estimating the wavelet, suppressing the multiple, preserving the relative amplitude, using the DMO and AVO techniques and some special techniques in dealing with the wave impedance. The existence of gas hydrates is reflected in the subbottom profiles in the appearance of BSRs, amplitude anomalies, velocity anomalies and AVO anomalies, etc. Hence the gas hydrates can be identified and predicted. It is pointed out that the East China Sea is a favorable area of the gas hydrates resource, and the Okinawa Trough is a target area of gas hydrates reservoir.

High-resolution crustal structure of the Yinchuan basin revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling:implications for deep processes of basin

The Yinchuan basin, located on the western margin of the Ordos block, has the characteristics of an active continental rift. A NW-striking deep seismic reflection profile across the center of Yinchuan basin precisely revealed the fine structure of the crust. The images showed that the crust in the Yinchuan basin was characterized by vertical stratifications along a detachment located at a two-way travel time（TWT） of 8.0 s.The most outstanding feature of this seismic profile was the almost flat Mohorovicˇic′ discontinuity（Moho） and a high-reflection zone in the lower crust. This sub-horizontal Moho conflicts with the general assumption of an uplifted Moho under sedimentary basins and continental rifts, and may indicate the action of different processes at depth during the evolution of sedimentary basins or rifts.We present a possible interpretation of these deep processes and the sub-horizontal Moho. The high-reflection zone, which consists of sheets of high-density, mantlederived materials, may have compensated for crustal thinning in the Yinchuan basin, leading to the formation of a sub-horizontal Moho. These high-density materials may have been emplaced by underplating with mantlesourced magma.

Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation on the Loess Plateau, Part1: Seismic Data Processing

Branching river channels and the coexistence of valleys, ridges, hiils, and slopes＇as the result of long-term weathering and erosion form the unique loess topography. The Changqing Geophysical Company, working in these complex conditions, has established a suite of technologies for high-fidelity processing and fine interpretation of seismic data. This article introduces the processes involved in the data processing and interpretation and illustrates the results.

Online Data Processing Methods in Xlet Applications for Seismic Early Warning and Emergency Services on Interactive Digital Television

In this paper, I described the methods that I used for the creation of Xlets, which are Java applets that are developed for the IDTV environment;and the methods for online data retrieval and processing that I utilized in these Xlets. The themes that I chose for the Xlets of the IDTV applications are Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning;Recent Seismic Activity Report;and Emergency Services. The online data regarding the Recent Seismic Activity Report application are provided by the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) of Bogazici University in Istanbul;while the online data for the Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning and the Emergency Services applications are provided by the Godoro website which I used for storing (and retrieving by the Xlets) the earthquake and tsunami early warning simulation data, and the DVB network subscriber data (such as name and address information) for utilizing in the Emergency Services (Police, Ambulance and Fire Department) application. I have focused on the methodologies to use digital television as an efficient medium to convey timely and useful information regarding seismic warning data to the public, which forms the main research topic of this paper.

Research on Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation System Model Based on CSCW

Through analyzing the needs of seismic data processing and interpretation,a system model based on CSCW is designed.Using the technology of CSCW to build the environment of cooperative work allows the field data acquisition to possess the functions of remote real-time guidance by experts and remote real-time processing of the data.The model overcomes the influences and barriers existing in the areas

Optimization of a precise integration method for seismic modeling based on graphic processing unit

General purpose graphic processing unit （GPU） calculation technology is gradually widely used in various fields. Its mode of single instruction, multiple threads is capable of seismic numerical simulation which has a huge quantity of data and calculation steps. In this study, we introduce a GPU-based parallel calculation method of a precise integration method （PIM） for seismic forward modeling. Compared with CPU single-core calculation, GPU parallel calculating perfectly keeps the features of PIM, which has small bandwidth, high accuracy and capability of modeling complex substructures, and GPU calculation brings high computational efficiency, which means that high-performing GPU parallel calculation can make seismic forward modeling closer to real seismic records.

Post-seismic relaxation process and vertical deformation following the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China

The post-seismic horizontal and vertical deformations following the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earth- quake are inferred from GPS and precise leveling data. The post-seismic relaxation process is measured using GPS data from campaign stations located around the Longmenshan fault, and the derived decay time constant is 12 days. The evolution of the post-seismic vertical deformation is obtained from precise leveling data measured near the surface rupture. The results demonstrate that the hanging wall is uplifting and the foot wall is subsi- ding. The amplitude of the post-seismic deformation is lower than that of the co-seismic deformation. The re- gion with the largest post-seismic displacement is located on the leveling route between Maoxian and Beichuan on the hanging wall.

A real time processing system of seismic waves using personal computers-Function and characteristics

Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China2) Center for Analysis and Prediction, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100036, China3) Observation Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Faculty of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 98077, Japan

Seismic risk evaluation for a planning mountain tunnel using improved analytical hierarchy process based on extension theory

Seismic risk evaluation(SRE) in early stages(e.g., project planning and preliminary design)for a mountain tunnel located in seismic areas has the same importance as that in final stages(e.g.,performance-based design, structural analysis, and optimization). SRE for planning mountain tunnels bridges the gap between the planning on the macro level and the design/analysis on the micro level regarding the risk management of infrastructural systems. A transition from subjective or qualitative description to objective or quantitative quantification of seismic risk is aimed to improve the seismic behavior of the mountain tunnel and thus reduce the associated seismic risk. A new method of systematic SRE for the planning mountain tunnel was presented herein. The method employs extension theory(ET)and an ET-based improved analytical hierarchy process. Additionally, a new risk-classification criterion is proposed to classify and quantify the seismic risk for a planning mountain tunnel. This SRE method is applied to a mountain tunnel in southwest China, using the extension model based on matter element theory and dependent function operation.The reasonability and flexibility of the SRE method for application to the mountain tunnel are illustrated.According to different seismic risk levels and classification criteria, methods and measures for improving the seismic design are proposed, which can reduce the seismic risk and provide a frame of reference for elaborate seismic design.

Purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing

In China, most oil fields are continental sedimentation with strong heterogeneity, which on one side makes the reservoir prospecting and development more difficult, but on the other side provides more space for searching residual oil in matured fields. Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring technique is one of most important techniques to define residual oil distribution. According to the demand for and development of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring in China, purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing was studied. The four key steps in purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing, including amplitude-preserved processing with relative consistency, rebinning, match filtering and difference calculation, were analyzed by combining theory and real seismic data processing. Meanwhile, quality control during real time-lapse seismic processing was emphasized.

渝东南复杂构造区常压页岩气地球物理勘探实践及攻关方向

中国南方常压页岩气资源潜力大,主要分布于四川盆地周缘构造复杂区及盆外褶皱带,具有地表、地下双复杂地质条件,地震采集品质差、成像精度低、甜点参数变化规律不清。本文系统总结了渝东南地区常压页岩气地震采集、成像处理、储层预测等方面的研究成果与技术进展:①形成了变密度三维观测系统设计技术、灰岩地表复杂山地地震激发接收技术,确保复杂地下构造反射波场充分采样,提升采集资料品质,提高施工效率。②完善了复杂山地地震叠前预处理技术、盆缘过渡带复杂构造成像技术、盆外褶皱带向斜构造成像技术,成果剖面信噪比高,有效频带宽,构造成像精度高。③基于岩石物理特征研究,实现优质页岩厚度、地层压力系数、脆性的定量预测;基于统计岩石物理,实现页岩有机碳含量、含气量、孔隙度的定量预测;利用有限元应力场模拟技术,揭示古应力场演化,实现多期构造改造叠加作用形成裂缝的定量预测;采用组合弹簧模型今应力场预测技术,明确今地应力场分布规律。通过攻关研究,有效指导了常压页岩气甜点预测与勘探开发,为南川常压页岩气田的发现提供了依据。下步应重点攻关基于5G无线节点接收的更加科学合理的地震采集技术、复杂山地高陡构造高精度自动化成像处理技术,以及“地质—工程—经济”一体化的甜点地震评价方法。

应用生成对抗网络的地震数据重建和去噪一体化方法

在实际采集过程中,受地形条件和人为因素的影响,地震数据不仅在空间上会出现采样不足或不规则的情况,而且会混入噪声,不利于后续地震数据的处理和解释。通常将重建与去噪分为两个阶段处理,这样往往会引入额外的误差。为此,文中提出了一种基于条件韦氏生成对抗网络(cWGAN)的地震数据重建去噪一体化方法,该方法研究的重点是在缺失道和噪声的混合干扰下,准确提取地震数据的有效特征。首先,以U-Net模型为基本网络结构来构建生成器模型,分级提取地震数据同相轴特征;在判别器模型中引入条件约束,引导生成器优化梯度方向。其次,建立重建和去噪误差描述模型,该模型设计了一体化损失函数,可以兼顾重建与去噪两方面的处理任务。最后,经过合成数据和实际数据测试,证明文中所提的网络模型恢复的地震数据信噪比更高且具有较强鲁棒性。

K_(1)峭度约束的地震频域反褶积方法研究

由于鄂尔多斯盆地近地表地形复杂多变,且地震波存在地层吸收等效应,导致采集到的地震资料品质较差,主频较低,纵向分辨率较差.频域反褶积方法是提高鄂尔多斯盆地地震资料分辨率的一项关键技术.目前,峭度是频域反褶积最常用的非高斯性度量.但是由于实际地层反射系数序列呈现尖峰、长尾分布,传统的峭度定义难以准确度量实际反射系数序列的非高斯性.与传统的峭度不同,K_1峭度能够充分利用概率密度的峰值信息来指示随机变量的非高斯性.因此,本文提出一种基于K_1峭度度量的地震频域反褶积方法,从而能够更加准确地判断反射系数序列的非高斯性.同时引入了定义于频率域上的两参数广义Beta母小波,可以使得本文所提方法能够更好匹配不同地震子波.最后,合成地震数据和鄂尔多斯盆地实际地震数据算例说明:本文所提的方法能够有效的提升低品质地震数据的纵向分辨率,尤其是多个相邻的细小反射系数.井震匹配结果进一步验证了本文所提的方法将原始地震数据的主频从25 Hz提升到35 Hz,有效地识别出多个含气薄储层,从而有利于后续的井位部署优化.

应用自适应注意力机制U-net的地震数据高分辨处理

随着油气勘探开发的不断深入,薄储层与岩性油气藏逐渐成为重要的勘探目标,这也对地震资料的分辨率提出了更高的要求。文中提出了一种基于自适应注意力机制的U-net地震数据高分辨处理方法。该方法首先利用U-net结构学习地震数据的特征表示,通过下采样过程的编码器提取地震数据的抽象特征,然后通过上采样的解码器进行特征重建和细化。在上采样的过程中引入了注意力机制,用于自适应地调整网络对不同地震特征的关注程度,网络能够更加有效地捕捉到地震数据更多的细节和特征。Marmousi模型合成地震记录和实际数据实验结果表明,新网络比原U-net误差更小、更稳定,可有效提高预测精度,实现对地震数据的高分辨率处理。

信息化测震数据管理平台的设计与实现

依托公共安全信息化工程,测震台网数据管理平台在数据资源池环境下,采用分层架构和模块化开发,实现了实时流波形接入和存储、站网基础信息管理、常规数据产品产出、针对特定地震的产品产出、波形数据质量分析等测震台网核心业务的信息化。通过平台的接口和界面,事件波形处理与服务、数据质量分析、震源参数基础数据库建设等测震台网业务取得了长足进步。该平台具有业务集成性、功能实用性、资源共享性和技术先进性等特点,有效提升了测震台网信息化水平,为测震台网现代化发展发挥了积极作用。

松辽盆地西南部砂岩型铀矿地震资料处理技术研究

文章针对松辽盆地西南部砂岩型铀矿地震资料噪声严重,干扰波能量比较强,资料频带窄、主频低、以及地震记录单炮之间、深浅层和远近道之间能量差异比较大的特点,在地震资料处理的叠前去噪、振幅补偿以及提高分辨率等关键环节开展了研究。在去噪环节,采用了叠前多域组合分步去噪方法,针对性地去除面波、线性噪声、强能量干扰以及次生干扰等,增强了目的层有效反射信号强度,提高地震资料信噪比。在振幅补偿中采用地表一致性振幅补偿和几何扩散补偿方法,可以明显消除远近道、浅层与深层之间以及道间能量差异。在提高分辨率环节通过地表一致性反褶积和预测反褶积方法,可消除地震波传播过程中子波变化引起的波形、频谱等特征的差异,压缩子波,缩小子波旁瓣,拓宽有效信号频带,提高地震资料分辨率。最后建立了一套地震资料的处理流程,并建立了相应环节的质量监控措施。通过与前人处理结果对比,此次建立的地震资料处理方法可以明显提高地震资料的品质。