The High Precision Magnetometer(HPM) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) allows highly accurate measurement of the geomagnetic field; it includes FGM(Fluxgate Magnetometer) and CDSM(Coupled Dark ...The High Precision Magnetometer(HPM) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) allows highly accurate measurement of the geomagnetic field; it includes FGM(Fluxgate Magnetometer) and CDSM(Coupled Dark State Magnetometer)probes. This article introduces the main processing method, algorithm, and processing procedure of the HPM data. First, the FGM and CDSM probes are calibrated according to ground sensor data. Then the FGM linear parameters can be corrected in orbit, by applying the absolute vector magnetic field correction algorithm from CDSM data. At the same time, the magnetic interference of the satellite is eliminated according to ground-satellite magnetic test results. Finally, according to the characteristics of the magnetic field direction in the low latitude region, the transformation matrix between FGM probe and star sensor is calibrated in orbit to determine the correct direction of the magnetic field. Comparing the magnetic field data of CSES and SWARM satellites in five continuous geomagnetic quiet days, the difference in measurements of the vector magnetic field is about 10 nT, which is within the uncertainty interval of geomagnetic disturbance.展开更多
The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite, launched into orbit from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on February 2 nd, 2018, is China's first space satellite dedicated to geophysical exporation. The satellite carr...The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite, launched into orbit from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on February 2 nd, 2018, is China's first space satellite dedicated to geophysical exporation. The satellite carries eight scientific payloads including high-precision magnetometers to detect electromagnetic changes in space, in particular changes associated with global earthquake disasters. In order to encourage and facilitate use by geophysical scientists of data from the satellite's payloads, this paper introduces the application systems developed for the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite by the Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration;these include platform construction, data classification, data storage, data format, and data access and acquisition.展开更多
This paper reports, for the first time, observation results of the Coherent Beacon System(CBS) onboard the China SeismoElectromagnetic Satellite-1(CSES-1). We describe the CBS, and the Computerized Ionospheric Tomogra...This paper reports, for the first time, observation results of the Coherent Beacon System(CBS) onboard the China SeismoElectromagnetic Satellite-1(CSES-1). We describe the CBS, and the Computerized Ionospheric Tomography(CIT) algorithm program is validated by numerical experiment. Two examples are shown, for daytime and nighttime respectively. The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly(EIA) can be seen, and the northern crest core is located at ~20°N in the reconstruction image at 07:28 UTC on 20 July 2018(daytime).Disturbances are shown in the reconstruction image at 18:40 UTC on 13 July 2018(nighttime). We find that beacon measurements are more consistent with ionosonde measurements than model results, by comparing Nm F2 at three sites at Lanzhou, Chongqing, and Kunming; consistency with ionosonde measurements validates beacon measurements. Finally, we have studied Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC) variations from ground to ~500 km(the height of CSES-1 orbit) and ratios of VTEC between beacon measurements and CODE(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) data. VTEC variation from ground to ~500 km has a range of 7.2–16.5 TECU for the daytime case and a range of 1.1–1.7 TECU for the nighttime case. The Beacon/CODE ratio of VTEC varies with latitude and time. The mean Beacon/CODE ratio is 0.69 for the daytime case and 0.26 for the nighttime case. The fact that the nighttime case yields lower ratios indicates the higher altitude of the ionosphere during nighttime when the ionosphere is assumed to be a thin layer.展开更多
The seismo-electromagnetics, a new terminology in Earth science in 1960's, has become quite popular now, especially in the earthquake researches, as more and more earthquake-related phenomena have been revealed in th...The seismo-electromagnetics, a new terminology in Earth science in 1960's, has become quite popular now, especially in the earthquake researches, as more and more earthquake-related phenomena have been revealed in the studies of earthquake cases, particularly for those disasters with huge losses of people's live and properties. The phenomena with very wide coverage of electromagnetic spectrum bands have attracted the interests of scientists for laboratory tests and the mechanism studies about the relationship on earthquake preparations and electromagnetics. China is one of the countries prone to strong earthquakes in the world, and is also a country with well organized seismo-electromagnetic monitoring for more than 40 years in the past by China Earthquake Administration (CEA), which provides scientists good opportunity for better understanding of seismo-electeomagnetics.展开更多
The seismo-electromagnetic(EM)method is an important geophysical method that plays a major role in the observation of seismic anomalies related to earthquake precursors.It is the most promising method for a breakthrou...The seismo-electromagnetic(EM)method is an important geophysical method that plays a major role in the observation of seismic anomalies related to earthquake precursors.It is the most promising method for a breakthrough in short-term earthquake prediction.The digital transformation and network upgrading implemented in the“Ninth five-year plan”and“Tenth five-year plan”have optimized the original observation system,improved the quality of observed data,enriched the seismicelectromagnetic information,and enhanced the analysis capability and timeliness of seismic-electromagnetic anomalies.These improvements are of major importance for the research on seismo-electromagnetics as well as for the development of new technologies.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,China has launched a satellite named CSES that was designed for the generation and study of seismo-electromagnetic data and built a high-power transmitting source and a new CSELF observation network that is used specifically for earthquake monitoring.This platform has promoted the full-time three-dimensional EM monitoring and the identification of earthquake anomalies.Based on the study of anomalies related to earthquake precursors,the physical and numerical simulations,and the study on generation mechanism of anomalies in China,we summarize the characteristics of earthquake EM anomalies and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different EM observation methods.Finally,considering the related questions of the seismo-electromagnetic prediction and implementing the recent developments both in China and abroad,we review the current status of seismo-electromagnetic research and propose strategies for future research.展开更多
It is attracting more and more attention of seismologists in the world that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) was observed before some strong earthquake occurrence (Takahashi, 1988; Warwick, 1982; Yoshino, 1986 ; Oike,1...It is attracting more and more attention of seismologists in the world that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) was observed before some strong earthquake occurrence (Takahashi, 1988; Warwick, 1982; Yoshino, 1986 ; Oike,1985 ; Fujinawa, 1990 ; Qian. 1992, Zhang, 1992). The international co-operation have promoted the development of this kind of science for getting more data to study SEMR physical mechanism. The observation equipments were provided by Japan, the observation installations were provided by the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province. Two observatories were built by Prof. Kozo Takahashi and Yukio Fujinawa, and some Chinese seismologists at Xiao Shao. Kunming, and Yuexi, Dan in Nov. 3~7, 1992. Here, some characters of SEMR in Yunnan Province and prediction efficience of the methods of impending earthquake prediction are obtained. And it was found that before the Pu'er M6. 3 earthquake of 1993, that the occurrence time of EMR signals before strong earthquakes approximately synchronizes some other precursors, for example, of water level, water radon and F-ion. That means the SEMR signals are generated by the activation of the tectonic belt in the seismogenic zone.展开更多
Among electromagnetic methods of short-term earthquake prediction,an approach is being actively developed based on the phenomenon of magnetic ultra-low-frequency(ULF)power depression occurring a few days before an ear...Among electromagnetic methods of short-term earthquake prediction,an approach is being actively developed based on the phenomenon of magnetic ultra-low-frequency(ULF)power depression occurring a few days before an earthquake.In particular,a nighttime geomagnetic power depression in the band 0.03-0.05 Hz was observed approximately 5 days before the catastrophic Tohoku 2011 earthquake.To verify the reliability of this method,we performed an extended analysis using data from magnetometer arrays JMA,MAGDAS,PWING,and INTERMAGNET.The selected stations included sites close to the epicenter(<300 km)and remote points(~10000 km).The band-integrated spectral power of nighttime magnetic noise decreased significantly from March 6-9,several days before the earthquake.However,such variations occur simultaneously not only at nearby stations but also at distant stations.During this event,the ULF power depression was caused by low global geomagnetic activity,as evidenced by the planetary index SME.Thus,the depression of geomagnetic ULF noise cannot be considered a reliable short-term precursor.展开更多
High precision magnetometer(HPM)is a magnetic field detection payload onboard China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES),including two fluxgate magnetometers(FGM)and a coupled dark state magnetometer(CDSM).Observati...High precision magnetometer(HPM)is a magnetic field detection payload onboard China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES),including two fluxgate magnetometers(FGM)and a coupled dark state magnetometer(CDSM).Observations show that FGM appears to be influenced when tri-band beacon(TBB)is powered on and emits electromagnetic waves.The interference phenomenon is further validated based on both in-orbit observation analysis and electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)tests on the ground.A joint correction algorithm based on the least square fitting and first-order difference method according to scalar magnetometer data is proposed to eliminate the interference.The algorithm significantly improves the consistency of HPM data.After correction,the average scalar deviation error could be reduced from 9.0 nT to around 0.7 nT.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China from MOST (2016YFB0501503)
文摘The High Precision Magnetometer(HPM) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) allows highly accurate measurement of the geomagnetic field; it includes FGM(Fluxgate Magnetometer) and CDSM(Coupled Dark State Magnetometer)probes. This article introduces the main processing method, algorithm, and processing procedure of the HPM data. First, the FGM and CDSM probes are calibrated according to ground sensor data. Then the FGM linear parameters can be corrected in orbit, by applying the absolute vector magnetic field correction algorithm from CDSM data. At the same time, the magnetic interference of the satellite is eliminated according to ground-satellite magnetic test results. Finally, according to the characteristics of the magnetic field direction in the low latitude region, the transformation matrix between FGM probe and star sensor is calibrated in orbit to determine the correct direction of the magnetic field. Comparing the magnetic field data of CSES and SWARM satellites in five continuous geomagnetic quiet days, the difference in measurements of the vector magnetic field is about 10 nT, which is within the uncertainty interval of geomagnetic disturbance.
基金supported by the Civil Space Research project (ZH1 data validation: Ionospheric observatory theory)NFSC grant 41574139 and 41874174
文摘The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite, launched into orbit from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on February 2 nd, 2018, is China's first space satellite dedicated to geophysical exporation. The satellite carries eight scientific payloads including high-precision magnetometers to detect electromagnetic changes in space, in particular changes associated with global earthquake disasters. In order to encourage and facilitate use by geophysical scientists of data from the satellite's payloads, this paper introduces the application systems developed for the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite by the Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration;these include platform construction, data classification, data storage, data format, and data access and acquisition.
基金supported by the “China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES)” projectthe 13th Five-Year Technology Program (Grant No. 315030409)
文摘This paper reports, for the first time, observation results of the Coherent Beacon System(CBS) onboard the China SeismoElectromagnetic Satellite-1(CSES-1). We describe the CBS, and the Computerized Ionospheric Tomography(CIT) algorithm program is validated by numerical experiment. Two examples are shown, for daytime and nighttime respectively. The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly(EIA) can be seen, and the northern crest core is located at ~20°N in the reconstruction image at 07:28 UTC on 20 July 2018(daytime).Disturbances are shown in the reconstruction image at 18:40 UTC on 13 July 2018(nighttime). We find that beacon measurements are more consistent with ionosonde measurements than model results, by comparing Nm F2 at three sites at Lanzhou, Chongqing, and Kunming; consistency with ionosonde measurements validates beacon measurements. Finally, we have studied Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC) variations from ground to ~500 km(the height of CSES-1 orbit) and ratios of VTEC between beacon measurements and CODE(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) data. VTEC variation from ground to ~500 km has a range of 7.2–16.5 TECU for the daytime case and a range of 1.1–1.7 TECU for the nighttime case. The Beacon/CODE ratio of VTEC varies with latitude and time. The mean Beacon/CODE ratio is 0.69 for the daytime case and 0.26 for the nighttime case. The fact that the nighttime case yields lower ratios indicates the higher altitude of the ionosphere during nighttime when the ionosphere is assumed to be a thin layer.
文摘The seismo-electromagnetics, a new terminology in Earth science in 1960's, has become quite popular now, especially in the earthquake researches, as more and more earthquake-related phenomena have been revealed in the studies of earthquake cases, particularly for those disasters with huge losses of people's live and properties. The phenomena with very wide coverage of electromagnetic spectrum bands have attracted the interests of scientists for laboratory tests and the mechanism studies about the relationship on earthquake preparations and electromagnetics. China is one of the countries prone to strong earthquakes in the world, and is also a country with well organized seismo-electromagnetic monitoring for more than 40 years in the past by China Earthquake Administration (CEA), which provides scientists good opportunity for better understanding of seismo-electeomagnetics.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFC1500103&2018YFC1503506)the Project for Basic Research Work of the Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration(Grant No.IGCEA1919)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41374077,42074086&41674156)the National Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project(Grant No.15212Z0000001)。
文摘The seismo-electromagnetic(EM)method is an important geophysical method that plays a major role in the observation of seismic anomalies related to earthquake precursors.It is the most promising method for a breakthrough in short-term earthquake prediction.The digital transformation and network upgrading implemented in the“Ninth five-year plan”and“Tenth five-year plan”have optimized the original observation system,improved the quality of observed data,enriched the seismicelectromagnetic information,and enhanced the analysis capability and timeliness of seismic-electromagnetic anomalies.These improvements are of major importance for the research on seismo-electromagnetics as well as for the development of new technologies.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,China has launched a satellite named CSES that was designed for the generation and study of seismo-electromagnetic data and built a high-power transmitting source and a new CSELF observation network that is used specifically for earthquake monitoring.This platform has promoted the full-time three-dimensional EM monitoring and the identification of earthquake anomalies.Based on the study of anomalies related to earthquake precursors,the physical and numerical simulations,and the study on generation mechanism of anomalies in China,we summarize the characteristics of earthquake EM anomalies and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different EM observation methods.Finally,considering the related questions of the seismo-electromagnetic prediction and implementing the recent developments both in China and abroad,we review the current status of seismo-electromagnetic research and propose strategies for future research.
文摘It is attracting more and more attention of seismologists in the world that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) was observed before some strong earthquake occurrence (Takahashi, 1988; Warwick, 1982; Yoshino, 1986 ; Oike,1985 ; Fujinawa, 1990 ; Qian. 1992, Zhang, 1992). The international co-operation have promoted the development of this kind of science for getting more data to study SEMR physical mechanism. The observation equipments were provided by Japan, the observation installations were provided by the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province. Two observatories were built by Prof. Kozo Takahashi and Yukio Fujinawa, and some Chinese seismologists at Xiao Shao. Kunming, and Yuexi, Dan in Nov. 3~7, 1992. Here, some characters of SEMR in Yunnan Province and prediction efficience of the methods of impending earthquake prediction are obtained. And it was found that before the Pu'er M6. 3 earthquake of 1993, that the occurrence time of EMR signals before strong earthquakes approximately synchronizes some other precursors, for example, of water level, water radon and F-ion. That means the SEMR signals are generated by the activation of the tectonic belt in the seismogenic zone.
基金supported by Grant 22-17-00125 from the Russian Science Foundation.
文摘Among electromagnetic methods of short-term earthquake prediction,an approach is being actively developed based on the phenomenon of magnetic ultra-low-frequency(ULF)power depression occurring a few days before an earthquake.In particular,a nighttime geomagnetic power depression in the band 0.03-0.05 Hz was observed approximately 5 days before the catastrophic Tohoku 2011 earthquake.To verify the reliability of this method,we performed an extended analysis using data from magnetometer arrays JMA,MAGDAS,PWING,and INTERMAGNET.The selected stations included sites close to the epicenter(<300 km)and remote points(~10000 km).The band-integrated spectral power of nighttime magnetic noise decreased significantly from March 6-9,several days before the earthquake.However,such variations occur simultaneously not only at nearby stations but also at distant stations.During this event,the ULF power depression was caused by low global geomagnetic activity,as evidenced by the planetary index SME.Thus,the depression of geomagnetic ULF noise cannot be considered a reliable short-term precursor.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFC1503501,2016YBF0501503)the Dragon 5 Cooperation 2020-2024(Grant No.59236)the International Space Science Institute-Beijing(Grant No.2019IT-33)。
文摘High precision magnetometer(HPM)is a magnetic field detection payload onboard China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES),including two fluxgate magnetometers(FGM)and a coupled dark state magnetometer(CDSM).Observations show that FGM appears to be influenced when tri-band beacon(TBB)is powered on and emits electromagnetic waves.The interference phenomenon is further validated based on both in-orbit observation analysis and electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)tests on the ground.A joint correction algorithm based on the least square fitting and first-order difference method according to scalar magnetometer data is proposed to eliminate the interference.The algorithm significantly improves the consistency of HPM data.After correction,the average scalar deviation error could be reduced from 9.0 nT to around 0.7 nT.