Nitrous oxide is not an environmentally regulated species in the U.S., but it does participate in the stratospheric ozone chemistry and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Nitrous oxide has been found to be a by-pro...Nitrous oxide is not an environmentally regulated species in the U.S., but it does participate in the stratospheric ozone chemistry and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Nitrous oxide has been found to be a by-product of the selective non-catalytic reduction process. Chemical kinetic calculations demonstrated that the formation of nitrous oxide in the urea-based selective non-catalytic reduction process is linked to the conversion of NO by cyano species released from the process parent compounds. This conversion occurs within in temperature window between 850 and 1050℃. With urea injection, nitrous oxide emissions represent up to 20 percent conversion of the NOx reduced. The amount of nitrous oxide formed depends primarily on the process temperature, the amount of chemical injected, the initial NOx level, and the carbon monoxide level in the gas stream. These observations, which were based on the chemical kinetics of the process, should be considered in designing selective non-catalytic reduction systems to minimize nitrous oxide by- product formation.展开更多
This paper reports observations of significant synergistic effects between dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas and Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts for C2H4 selective reduction of NOx at 250 °C in the presence of excess...This paper reports observations of significant synergistic effects between dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas and Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts for C2H4 selective reduction of NOx at 250 °C in the presence of excess oxygen by using a one-stage plasma-over-catalyst (POC) reactor. With the reactant gas mixture of 530 ppm NO, 650 ppm C2H4, 5.8% O2 in N2 and GHSV = 12000 h-1, the pure catalytic, pure plasma-induced (discharges over fused silica pellets) and plasma- catalytic (in the POC reactor) NOx conversion are 39%, 1.5% and 79%, respectively. The in-situ optical emission spectra of the reactive systems imply some short-lived active species formed from plasma-induced and plasma-catalytic processes may be responsible to the observed synergistic effects in this one-stage POC system.展开更多
SNCR（selective non-catalytic reduction） using urea solution was used in a HG-410/9.8-YW15 boiler,whose combustion system included a pulverized-coal reburning system to control NOx production.Tests were carried out a...SNCR（selective non-catalytic reduction） using urea solution was used in a HG-410/9.8-YW15 boiler,whose combustion system included a pulverized-coal reburning system to control NOx production.Tests were carried out at the load of 280 t·h-1,345 t·h-1 and 410 t·h-1.The experimental results showed that NOx emission could be reduced under 200 mg·m-3（standard condition,6%O2,dry gas） with the SNCR system running.The increment of NSR（normalized stoichiometric ratio） resulted in an improvement of NOx reduction efficiency,but the improvement was weak when NSR was greater than 2.5.A greater NSR also resulted in more ammonia slip,especially when NSR was greater than 1.25.N2O emission reached the maximum as NSR was about 2.0.Ammonia slip increased and the existence time of the urea solution droplets decreased with increasing atomization steam pressure and the track distance of the droplets reached the maximum at an intermediate pressure.There was an optimal atomization steam pressure,which would result in the highest NOx reduction efficiency of SNCR.And there was another optimal pressure of atomization steam,about 0.3 MPa,which would result in the least N2O emission.展开更多
文摘Nitrous oxide is not an environmentally regulated species in the U.S., but it does participate in the stratospheric ozone chemistry and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Nitrous oxide has been found to be a by-product of the selective non-catalytic reduction process. Chemical kinetic calculations demonstrated that the formation of nitrous oxide in the urea-based selective non-catalytic reduction process is linked to the conversion of NO by cyano species released from the process parent compounds. This conversion occurs within in temperature window between 850 and 1050℃. With urea injection, nitrous oxide emissions represent up to 20 percent conversion of the NOx reduced. The amount of nitrous oxide formed depends primarily on the process temperature, the amount of chemical injected, the initial NOx level, and the carbon monoxide level in the gas stream. These observations, which were based on the chemical kinetics of the process, should be considered in designing selective non-catalytic reduction systems to minimize nitrous oxide by- product formation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20077005)the National High Technology Research and Development Program("863 Programm”)of China(Grant No.2002AA649140)the Provincial Grants of Science and Technology of Liaoning,China(No.20022112).
文摘This paper reports observations of significant synergistic effects between dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas and Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts for C2H4 selective reduction of NOx at 250 °C in the presence of excess oxygen by using a one-stage plasma-over-catalyst (POC) reactor. With the reactant gas mixture of 530 ppm NO, 650 ppm C2H4, 5.8% O2 in N2 and GHSV = 12000 h-1, the pure catalytic, pure plasma-induced (discharges over fused silica pellets) and plasma- catalytic (in the POC reactor) NOx conversion are 39%, 1.5% and 79%, respectively. The in-situ optical emission spectra of the reactive systems imply some short-lived active species formed from plasma-induced and plasma-catalytic processes may be responsible to the observed synergistic effects in this one-stage POC system.
文摘SNCR（selective non-catalytic reduction） using urea solution was used in a HG-410/9.8-YW15 boiler,whose combustion system included a pulverized-coal reburning system to control NOx production.Tests were carried out at the load of 280 t·h-1,345 t·h-1 and 410 t·h-1.The experimental results showed that NOx emission could be reduced under 200 mg·m-3（standard condition,6%O2,dry gas） with the SNCR system running.The increment of NSR（normalized stoichiometric ratio） resulted in an improvement of NOx reduction efficiency,but the improvement was weak when NSR was greater than 2.5.A greater NSR also resulted in more ammonia slip,especially when NSR was greater than 1.25.N2O emission reached the maximum as NSR was about 2.0.Ammonia slip increased and the existence time of the urea solution droplets decreased with increasing atomization steam pressure and the track distance of the droplets reached the maximum at an intermediate pressure.There was an optimal atomization steam pressure,which would result in the highest NOx reduction efficiency of SNCR.And there was another optimal pressure of atomization steam,about 0.3 MPa,which would result in the least N2O emission.
