Comparison of Clinical Value between Right Distal Radial Artery Access and Right Radial Artery Access in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective:To compare the feasibility and safety between right distal radial artery access and right radial artery access in patients undergoing coronary angiography(CAG)or percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:On the basis of arterial access,113 patients who underwent CAG or PCI in Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January and October 2018 were divided into two groups:a right distal radial artery group(52 patients)and a right radial artery group(61 patients).We collected general information,the number of puncture attempts,access times,postoperative compression time,and complications.Results:The general characteristics,rate of successful radial artery puncture,and rate of successful catheter placement in the two groups were not different.The right radial artery group had fewer puncture attempts(1.26±0.44 times vs.2.19±0.53 times,P=0.001)and a shorter access time(3.23±0.86 min vs.4.77±1.49 min,P=0.001)than the right distal radial artery group.However,the postoperative compression time in the right distal radial artery group was shorter(3.44±0.9 h vs.7.16±1.21 h,P=0.001).Two cases of bleeding,four cases of hematoma,and one case of artery occlusion in the right radial artery group and one case of hematoma in the right distal artery group occurred before discharge.The rate of total complications in the right distal radial artery group was lower than in the right radial artery group(1.93%vs.11.48%,P=0.048).Conclusion:CAG or PCI through the right distal radial artery is feasible and safe.

Patent hemostasis of radial artery:Comparison of two methods

BACKGROUND Radial artery obstruction is the most common complication of coronary angiography performed via transradial access.Patent hemostasis can significantly reduce the risk of radial artery occlusion.Previous studies utilized sophisticated methods to evaluate radial artery patency.Simplified and easily applicable methods for successful patent hemostasis are currently lacking.AIM To determine which method(pulse oximeter vs the traditional radial artery palpation)is better to achieve patent hemostasis.METHODS This prospective,single center study included 299 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention between November 2017 and July 2019.Patients less than 18 years old,with a history of radial artery disease,or no palpable artery pulse were excluded from the study.Patients were randomly assigned to two groups.In the first group,radial artery flow was assessed by palpation of the artery during hemostasis(traditional method).In the second group,radial artery patency was estimated with the use of a pulse oximeter.Two different compression devices were used for hemostasis(air chamber and pressure valve).The primary study endpoint was the achievement of successful patent hemostasis.RESULTS The two groups(pulse oximeter vs artery palpation)had no significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,risk factors,or comorbidities except for supraventricular arrhythmias.The percentage of patients with successful patent hemostasis was significantly higher in the pulse oximeter group(82.2%vs 68.1%,P=0.005).A lower percentage of patients with spasm was recorded in the pulse oximeter group(9.9%vs 19.0%,P=0.024).The incidence of local complications,edema,bleeding,hematoma,vagotonia,or pain did not differ between the two groups.In the multivariate analysis,the use of a pulse oximeter(OR:2.35,95%CI:1.34-4.13,P=0.003)and advanced age(OR:1.04,95%CI:1.01-1.07,P=0.006),were independently associated with an increased probability of successful patent hemostasis.The type of hemostatic device did not affect patent hemostasis(P=0.450).CONCLUSION Patent hemostasis with the use of pulse oximeter is a simple,efficient,and safe method that is worthy of further investigation.Larger randomized studies are required to consider its clinical implications.

The Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Transradial Coronary Procedures

Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transradial coronary procedures （TRCP）. Methods The data of 83 cases who accepted transradial coronary angiography （CAG） and transradial percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in our department were summarized. The success rates, proximal coronary complications, peripheral vascular complications, severe vagal reflex, mean operation time （MOT）, mean recumbent time （MRT）, mean hospital-staying time （MHT） were analyzed. The data were compared with that of 420 cases of transfemoral coronary procedures （TFCP） in the same period. Results Success rates and proximal coronary complications were similar in both groups. Severe vagal reflexes were less in TRCP group than in TFCP group. MOT was longer in TRCP group. MRT and MHT were shorter in TRCP group. 12（14.5%） radial artery spasm, 3（3.6%） radial artery obstruction, 1 sudden respiratory arrest caused by jugular hematoma were observed in TRCP group. Conclusions The efficacy and safety of TRCP are definite. TRCP is more economical. For the purpose of properly evaluate the peripheral vascular complications of TRCP, it is necessary to pay special attention to radial artery occlusion, radial artery stenosis, and jugular hematoma.

Incidence and predictors of radial artery spasm during transradial coronary angiography and intervention

Background Radial artery spasm （RAS） is the most common complication in transradial coronary angiography and intervention. In this study, we designed to investigate the incidence of RAS during transradial procedures in Chinese, find out the independent predictors through multiple regression, and analyze the clinical effect of RAS during follow-up. Methods Patients arranged to receive transradial coronary angiography and intervention were consecutively enrolled. The incidence of RAS was recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to find out the influence factors of RAS, and logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the independent predictors of RAS. The patients were asked to return 1 month later for the assessment of the radial access.Results The incidence of RAS was 7.8% （112/1427） in all the patients received transradial procedure. Univariate analysis indicates that young （P=0.038）, female （P=0.026）, small diameter of radial artery （P 〈0.001）, diabetes （P=0.026）, smoking （P=0.019）, moderate or severe pain during radial artery cannulation （P〈0.001）, unsuccessful access at first attempt （P=0.002）, big sheath （P=0.004）, number of catheters （〉3） （P=0.048）, rapid baseline heart rate （P=0.032） and long operation time （P=0.021） were associated with RAS. Logistic regression showed that female （OR=1.745, 95% CI： 1.148-3.846, P=0.024）, small radial artery diameter （OR=4.028, 95%CI： 1.264-12.196, P=0.008）, diabetes （OR= 2.148, 95%CI： 1.579-7.458, P=0.019） and unsuccessful access at first attempt （OR=1.468, 95%CI： 1.212-2.591, P=0.032） were independent predictors of RAS. Follow-up at （28±7） days after the procedure showed that, compared with non-spasm patients, the RAS patients had higher portion of pain （11.8% vs. 6.2%, P=0.043）. The occurrences of hematoma （7.3% vs. 5.6%, P=0.518） and radial artery occlusion （3.6% vs. 2.6%, P=0.534） were similar. Conclusions The incidence of RAS during transradial coronary procedure was 7.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that female, small radial artery diameter, diabetes and unsuccessful access at first attempt were the independent predictors of RAS.

Efficacy and safety of distal radial approach for cardiac catheterization: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The traditional radial approach(RA)is recommended as the standard method for coronary angiography(CAG),while a distal RA(DRA)has been recently used for CAG.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of the DRA vs RA during CAG.METHODS The following databases were searched through December 2020:MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,EMBASE,the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platform Search Portal,and Clinical-Trials.gov.Individual randomized-controlled trials for adult patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were included.The primary outcomes were the successful cannulation rate and the incidence of radial artery spasm(RAS)and radial artery occlusion(RAO).Study selection,data abstraction and quality assessment were independently performed using the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation approach.RESULTS Three randomized control trials and 13 registered trials were identified.The two approaches showed similar successful cannulation rates[risk ratio(RR)0.90,95%confidence interval(CI):0.72-1.13].The DRA did not decrease RAS(RR 0.43,95%CI:0.08-2.49)and RAO(RR 0.48,95%CI:0.18-1.29).Patients with the DRA had a shorter hemostasis time in comparison to those with the RA(mean difference-6.64,95%CI:-10.37 to-2.90).The evidence of certainty was low.CONCLUSION For CAG,the DRA would be safer than the RA with comparable cannulation rates.Given the limited data,additional research,including studies with standard protocols,is necessary.

气囊压迫联合多阶梯自动减压法在冠状动脉造影术后老年患者桡动脉止血中的应用

目的探讨气囊压迫联合多阶梯自动减压法在冠状动脉造影术后老年患者桡动脉止血中的应用效果。方法选取2023年3月—2024年4月在本院行经桡动脉冠状动脉造影术的630例老年患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组、观察1组、观察2组,每组210例。对照组术后采用气囊压迫器实施三级阶梯人工压迫止血,观察1组与观察2组术后采用定制压力阶梯式压迫仪对气囊压迫器分别实施三级阶梯、五级阶梯自动压迫止血。比较3组患者术后(CAG后至撤除气囊压迫器)穿刺处出血率、延时取压率、桡动脉狭窄率、桡动脉闭塞率及护理工作时间,并记录术后和术后1 h松压前疼痛评分、心率、血压情况。结果观察2组患者术后穿刺处出血率、延时取压率、桡动脉狭窄率与闭塞率均优于对照组与观察1组,观察1组与观察2组护理工作时间优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者术后1 h松压前疼痛评分、心率、收缩压均优于术后,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察2组患者术后1 h松压前疼痛评分、心率、血压均优于对照组与观察1组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用气囊压迫联合五级阶梯逐步自动减压法压迫止血,可以有效降低桡动脉并发症发生率,缩短护理工作时间,提高患者的舒适度。

经dTRA、常规TRA穿刺置管在冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查中的应用对比观察

目的对比观察经远端桡动脉入路(d TRA)、常规桡动脉入路(TRA)穿刺置管在冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查中的应用效果。方法择期行冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查的受检者49例,随机分为d TRA 24例、TRA组25例,d TRA受检者采用经d TRA穿刺置管进行冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查,TRA组采用经TRA穿刺置管进行冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查。观察并比较两组受检者穿刺置管成功率、穿刺置管时间、手术时间、X射线曝光时间、术中累计放射总量、造影剂用量、压迫止血时间、术后食指血氧饱和度、术后住院时间、术后第1天VAS评分、术后第3天VAS评分、住院患者满意度等手术相关资料,以及术后出现迷走神经反射、穿刺点出血、右手及前臂张力性血肿、桡神经损伤、桡动脉闭塞、桡动脉痉挛、皮肤溃烂等并发症发生情况。结果d TRA组受检者穿刺置管时间、住院患者满意度均高于TRA组,术后第1天VAS评分、术后第3天VAS评分、压迫止血时间均低于TRA组(P均<0.05)。两组受检者均未出现迷走神经反射、穿刺点出血、右手及前臂张力性血肿、桡神经损伤、桡动脉闭塞、桡动脉痉挛、皮肤溃烂等相关并发症。结论与经TRA穿刺置管进行冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查相比,经d TRA穿刺置管进行冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查术后疼痛减轻、压迫止血时间缩短,患者满意度更高,可作为冠脉和脑血管“一站式”造影检查的常规入路之一。

头端压弯泥鳅导丝与头端J型聚四氟乙烯涂层导丝在经桡动脉冠状动脉造影中应用效果比较

目的探讨头端压弯泥鳅导丝与头端J型聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层导丝在经桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影(CAG)中的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性选择2022年4月至2023年4月在宁波大学附属第一医院诊断为可疑冠心病的患者1695例,其中在CAG术中首次使用头端压弯泥鳅导丝患者714例(观察组),头端J型PTFE涂层导丝患者981例(对照组),收集并比较两组患者的基本数据、导丝血管通过率、手术时间、射线时间、射线剂量、对比剂用量、更换导丝比例、更换左侧桡动脉比例、更换造影导管比例及手术并发症。采用多因素logistic回归分析导丝血管通过率的影响因素。结果观察组导丝血管通过率明显高于对照组(98.9%比93.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组通过将导丝更换为头端压弯泥鳅导丝后导丝血管通过率升高至98.5%(966/981);观察组手术时间、射线时间、射线剂量、对比剂用量、更换导丝比例、血管痉挛发生率、迷走神经反射发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组患者血管夹层、前臂血肿、更换造影导管和更换左侧桡动脉比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组患者均无血管穿孔、纵隔血肿发生。多因素logistic回归分析结果发现年龄及首次使用头端压弯泥鳅导丝均是导丝血管通过率的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论头端压弯泥鳅导丝相对头端J型PTFE涂层导丝在经桡动脉入路CAG术中更有效且安全,值得临床推广应用。

老年冠心病患者经桡冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉闭塞的危险因素分析

目的分析老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者经桡动脉途径(transradial access,TRA)冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉闭塞(RAO)的危险因素。方法连续入选2019年1月至2021年12月于联勤保障部队第九○二医院心内科接受经桡动脉入径的冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的255例老年患者,根据术后1月桡动脉超声结果分为RAO组和非RAO组。比较两组人口学和临床资料,分析老年冠心病患者PCI术后1月桡动脉闭塞的危险因素。结果RAO组患者17例(6.67%);非RAO组患者238例(93.33%),RAO组术中肝素使用剂量低于非RAO组。RAO组术后3 d桡动脉内膜厚度高于非RAO组,桡动脉直径和桡动脉血流速度峰值低于非RAO组。较高的术后3 d桡动脉直径和术后3 d桡动脉血流速度峰值是老年冠心病患者经桡冠状动脉介入术后1月RAO的独立保护因素。术后3 d桡动脉直径和术后3 d桡动脉血流速度峰值的AUC分别为0.711和0.976,对术后1月RAO具有较高的诊断价值。结论术后3 d的桡动脉超声检查指标可作为1月RAO的预测因子,建议行桡动脉穿刺者出院前完善RAO评估,出现血流速度明显下降等情况的患者也应积极开展相关干预。

全方位优化护理在经桡动脉穿刺行CAG检查及PCI患者中的应用效果

目的探讨全方位优化护理预防经桡动脉穿刺行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者术后穿刺部位渗血的效果。方法选取2021年2月—2023年3月阜阳市人民医院收治的118例经桡动脉穿刺行CAG检查及PCI的患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组59例。对照组患者围手术期接受常规护理干预,观察组患者围手术期接受全方位优化护理干预,比较2组患者术后出血情况、疼痛程度、舒适度以及护理满意度。结果观察组患者术后出血发生率为3.38%(2/59),低于对照组的13.55%(8/59),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.933,P=0.047)。2组患者干预前疼痛数字评分法(NRS)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者干预后NRS评分均高于干预前,但观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者干预前Kolcaba舒适状况量表(GCQ)的社会、心理、精神、生理4个维度评分及总分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者干预后GCQ各维度评分及总分均高于干预前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者住院病人护理满意度量表的服务质量、环境设施、结果3个维度评分及总分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全方位优化护理可显著减少经桡动脉穿刺行CAG及PCI患者术后穿刺部位渗血情况、减轻疼痛程度并提升患者舒适度及护理满意度,具有良好的临床应用价值。

桡动脉入路冠状动脉造影联合支架置入术治疗老年冠心病患者的临床疗效及安全

目的探讨桡动脉入路冠状动脉造影联合支架置入术治疗冠心病患者的临床疗效。方法选取2022年4月至2024年3月赣南医学院第二附属医院收治的72例冠心病患者作为研究对象,采用抛硬币法分为研究组与对照组,每组36例。对照组经股动脉入路行冠状动脉造影联合支架置入术,研究组经桡动脉入路行冠状动脉造影联合支架置入术。比较两组治疗前后生命质量、治疗相关时间、造影参数、不良反应发生情况、临床疗效。结果治疗后,两组生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康评分均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组造影时间、穿刺时间、住院时间、术后卧床时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义。研究组透视时间短于对照组,总剂量面积乘积小于对照组,累积剂量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组采集帧数比较差异无统计学意义。研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以桡动脉入路行冠状动脉造影联合支架置入术可缩短治疗相关时间,增强临床疗效,提高患者生命质量,减少不良反应,安全性较高。

经桡动脉冠状动脉造影病人早期桡动脉闭塞风险预测模型的构建及应用

目的:构建经桡动脉冠状动脉造影病人早期桡动脉闭塞风险的预测模型,并对其进行验证。方法:采用便利抽样法选择江苏省盐城市第一人民医院2021年1月—2022年12月以及2023年1月—6月收治的经桡动脉冠状动脉造影病人各150例、40例,分别构建训练集和验证集,根据是否出现早期桡动脉闭塞将训练集病人分为闭塞组和未闭塞组,采用一般资料调查问卷收集病人信息,采用Logistic回归分析筛选经桡动脉冠状动脉造影病人早期桡动脉闭塞发生的危险因素,根据分析结果拟合早期桡动脉闭塞风险预测模型的回归方程,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评价模型预测效果。结果:150例病人中,有22例出现早期桡动脉闭塞(14.67%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并糖尿病、桡动脉内径/鞘管外径<1、穿刺次数≥2次、压迫止血时间>2 h、肝素用量<75 IU/kg、早期未进行握力锻炼是经桡动脉冠状动脉造影病人早期桡动脉闭塞发生的危险因素(P<0.001)。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示,该预测模型的AUC为0.835[95%CI(0.781,0.889)],约登指数为0.718,最佳截断值为0.238;敏感度、特异度分别为0.812,0.906;验证集应用结果显示,模型预测准确率为87.50%,敏感度、特异度分别为0.700,0.933。结论:经桡动脉冠状动脉造影病人并发早期桡动脉闭塞的危险因素复杂,本研究构建的经桡动脉冠状动脉造影病人早期桡动脉闭塞风险预测模型的预测效果较好,且有较好的外推能力,能为临床预防护理工作提供依据。

J型导丝以J弯塑形进桡动脉鞘的操作在冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的:探讨J型导丝以J弯塑形进鞘的操作应用于经右侧桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影时的效果。方法:选取2020年9月至2022年5月我院收治的594例经右桡动脉行冠状动脉造影的患者为研究对象,分为J型导丝塑形组(199例)、J型导丝组(197例)及A弯导丝组(198例)。J型导丝塑形组在进桡动脉鞘时将J型导丝远端保持J弯塑形,而其余两组导丝则以常规操作进鞘。记录3组患者从导丝进鞘至抵达主动脉瓣的操作时间、X线暴露时间、外周动脉出血例数及更换导丝例数。结果:J型导丝塑形组外周动脉出血发生率低于其他两组(P<0.05),导丝操作时间及X线暴露时间均短于其他两组(P<0.05)。J型导丝塑形组的导丝更换率低于J型导丝组(P<0.05)。结论:在进桡动脉鞘时将J型导丝远端保持J弯塑形行冠状动脉造影,不仅可降低外周动脉出血发生率,还能降低导丝更换率,缩短操作时间与医患的X线暴露时间。

桡动脉入路冠状动脉造影+支架植入术治疗老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者疗效及安全性研究

研究分析老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者采用桡动脉入路冠状动脉造影+支架植入术治疗的效果及安全性。选取2021年1月—2022年1月接受治疗的60例老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为常规组和实验组,每组30例。予以常规组患者股动脉入路冠状动脉造影+支架植入术,予以实验组患者桡动脉入路冠状动脉造影+支架植入术,比较两组患者疗效及安全性。结果显示,实验组患者手术指标、术后恢复相关指标均优于常规组(P<0.05);实验组患者术后并发症发生率低于常规组(P<0.05);实验组患者术后心功能恢复情况优于常规组(P<0.05);实验组患者心肌微循环指标优于常规组(P<0.05);实验组患者血管内皮功能优于常规组(P<0.05)。研究发现,桡动脉入路冠状动脉造影+支架植入术治疗老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者效果较好,患者手术安全性较高,可促进患者术后心功能恢复,减小手术对于患者血管内皮功能的影响。

不同入路行冠脉造影术的临床比较

目的比较从不同入路行冠状动脉造影的优缺点。方法 812例行选择性冠状动脉造影的患者,按照入路不同分为左、右桡动脉和股动脉途径3组,比较手术成功率、并发症种类及发生率,患者术后的舒适度,联合其他介入诊治的种类及成功率等。结果 3组患者的手术时间、X线暴露时间、对比剂用量无明显差异(P>0.05),右侧桡动脉组手术成功率稍低于股动脉组(P<0.05)。桡动脉组有一定的血管痉挛、术后的动脉闭塞发生率,而股动脉组的局部血管并发症发生率较高。2组桡动脉组的舒适度均高于股动脉途径组(P<0.05)。3种入路均分别可成功联合行其他种类的介入诊治。结论正确地个体化选择造影入路可为患者及临床医师本身带来极大的益处。

老年患者经远端桡动脉与经典桡动脉行冠状动脉诊疗的临床疗效及安全性比较

目的对比分析经远端桡动脉与经典桡动脉途径在PCI中临床效果的差异。方法选择我院行冠状动脉造影检查和(或)PCI的老年患者200例,根据穿刺部位不同分为远端桡动脉组及经典桡动脉组,每组100例。比较2组血管内径、穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、置入支架数、手术时间及手术成功率;记录患者并发症发生情况。结果2组穿刺成功率、手术成功率、穿刺时间、手术时间及置入支架数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),虽然远端桡动脉组较经典桡动脉组血管内径略细,但2组比较差异无统计学意义[(2.4±0.2)mm vs(2.6±0.3)mm,P>0.05]。2组患者PCI术中无死亡及脑卒中发生。远端桡动脉组桡动脉痉挛(3.0%vs 9.0%,P=0.048)、桡动脉闭塞(1.0%vs 8.0%,P=0.031)、并发症发生率(6.0%vs 21.0%,P=0.013)明显低于经典桡动脉组,差异有统计学意义,2组局部血肿、动脉瘤、动静脉瘘发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论远端桡动脉途径的桡动脉痉挛发生率及闭塞率更低,安全性好,可以作为经典桡动脉的替代途径应用于临床。

308例经桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影的临床分析

目的 :探讨用Judkins导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影术的可行性和方法学。方法 :30 8例 ,男性 2 35例 ,女性 73例 ,平均年龄 (6 1 8± 8 7)岁。临床诊断 :稳定性心绞痛 10 5例 (34 1% ) ,不稳定性心绞痛 6 2例 (2 0 1% ) ,急性心肌梗塞 75例 (2 4 4 % ) ,其它 6 6例 (2 1 4 % )。手术过程 :1 Allen试验 ;2 桡动脉穿刺 ;3 用Judkins导管行选择性右冠和左冠造影。结果 :2 95例造影获得成功 ,成功率为95 8%。造影结果 :74例 (2 5 1% )冠脉正常 ,73例 (2 4 75 % )单支病变 ,73例 (2 4 75 % )双支病变 ,75例(2 5 4 % )三支病变。导管选择 :1.右冠造影 :2 95例中 ,2 85例 (96 6 % )用Judkins右冠导管 ,9例 (3 0 6 % )用Amplatz右冠导管 ,1例 (0 34% )用Voda右冠导管 ;2 左冠造影 :2 5 6例 (86 8% )用Judkins左冠导管 ,31例 (10 5 % )用Amplatz左冠导管 ,8例 (2 7% )用Voda左冠导管。结论 :用Judkins导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影是一种安全可行的选择 ;经皮穿刺桡动脉途径具有止血容易、术后无须卧床休息、病人痛苦小和并发症少等优点。

冠心病患者肾动脉狭窄的发生率及相关因素

目的探讨冠状动脉造影中顺路肾动脉造影的意义,进一步明确动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的相关危险因素。方法总结分析410例因拟诊冠心病而行冠状动脉造影并常规术中顺路行选择性双肾动脉造影患者的临床资料,分析冠心病患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生情况。以显著动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄为自变量,行Logistic多元回归分析,明确动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的危险因素。结果410例患者共发现动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄88例(21.4%),其中轻度狭窄30例(7.3%),中度狭窄40例(9.7%),重度狭窄18例(4.3%)。冠状动脉病变阳性的285例中,动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的患病率为26.3%(75/285),明显高于冠状动脉阴性患者[10.4%(13/125),P<0.05]。狭窄超过30%的肾动脉血管共130支,其中61.5%位于开口部位,36.9%位于主干,仅3.8%位于分支血管。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素为女性、高胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白、血肌酐异常、左主干病变、冠状动脉三支病变。结论冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生率为26.3%,冠状动脉造影的同时行顺路肾动脉造影安全可行。但动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄与冠心病并不完全平行,女性、高胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白、血肌酐异常、左主干病变及冠状动脉三支病变是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。

川崎病冠状动脉病变远期随访评估:二维超声与冠状动脉造影对照观察

目的探讨体表十二导联心电图(ECG)、二维经胸超声心动图(2DE)、64排螺旋CT冠脉成像技术(MDCT)和选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG)在川崎病(KD)严重冠状动脉病变远期随访中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年7月至2010年9月于复旦大学附属儿科医院随访的15例KD并发严重冠状动脉病变(美国冠状动脉分级Ⅲ～Ⅴ级)患儿的临床特征、治疗方案以及ECG、2DE、MDCT和CAG检查结果。结果 15例KD患儿进入分析,KD发病年龄为5个月至13.5岁,平均(4.8±1.1)岁;病程3～64个月,平均(17.4±13.0)个月。2例主诉反复心绞痛发作,2例表现为充血性心力衰竭,其余患儿无明显临床症状。ECG检查发现异常Q波及ST-T波改变3例;MDCT与CAG检查结果显示,在单支、两支和三支冠状动脉中发生巨大瘤样病变的患儿分别为5例、5例和3例;6例合并远端冠状动脉瘤;2例可见冠状动脉瘤内血栓形成,但未形成狭窄;4例存在冠状动脉严重梗阻性病变,其中右冠状动脉合并左回旋支完全闭塞1例,右冠状动脉合并左前降支严重狭窄2例,右回旋支完全闭塞1例。冠状动脉病变Ⅲ级1例,Ⅳ级10例,Ⅴ级4例。与MDCT、CAG结果对照,2DE诊断完全符合率为46.7%(7/15例),其中遗漏诊断远端冠状动脉瘤6例,冠状动脉严重狭窄和(或)闭塞4例,冠状动脉内附壁血栓1例。结论对于2DE诊断为严重冠状动脉病变的KD患儿,应予以进一步MDCT或CAG检查以了解冠状动脉病变全貌,为治疗策略的制定提供更多信息。

双源CT成像在评价冠状动脉狭窄中价值的初步探讨

目的:通过与选择性冠状动脉造影(SCA)对比,评价双源CT(DSCT)在冠状动脉狭窄患者中的应用价值,并系统分析其对不同程度冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法:52例疑似冠心病患者,男44例,女8例,平均年龄70.59岁,分别予以SCA和DSCT检查。由两位医师采用双盲法对检查结果进行比较。结果:发现DSCT对冠状动脉重度狭窄评价的敏感性为92.31%,特异性为99.82%,阳性预测值为90.57%,阴性预测值为99.32%。结论:提示DSCT可以用于判断冠状动脉狭窄情况,尤其对冠状动脉重度狭窄患者的敏感性和特异性较高,可作为冠心病患者筛查、冠状动脉手术患者术前评价和术后随访的可靠方法。