Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer:Is it time to reach an Agreement?

In this editorial,we proceed to comment on the article by Chua et al,addressing the management of metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes(mLLN)in stage II/III rectal cancer patients below the peritoneal reflection.The treatment of this nodal area sparks significant controversy due to the strategic differences followed by Eastern and Western physicians,albeit with a higher degree of convergence in recent years.The dissection of lateral pelvic lymph nodes without neoadjuvant therapy is a standard practice in Eastern countries.In contrast,in the West,preference leans towards opting for neoadjuvant therapy with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy,that would cover the treatment of this area without the need to add the dissection of these nodes to the total mesorectal excision.In the presence of high-risk nodal characteristics for mLLN related to radiological imaging and lack of response to neoadjuvant therapy,the risk of lateral local recurrence increases,suggesting the appropriate selection of strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence in each patient profile.Despite the heterogeneous and retrospective nature of studies addressing this area,an international consensus is necessary to approach this clinical scenario uniformly.

Feasibility and limitations of combined treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally,and is associated with a high rate of pelvic recurrence after surgery.In efforts to mitigate recurrence,pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)is commonly advocated as an adjunct to radical surgery.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT)is a therapeutic approach employed in managing locally advanced rectal cancer,and has been found to increase the survival rates.Chua et al have proposed a combination of NACRT with selective PLND for addressing lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer patients,with the aim of reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes.Nevertheless,certain studies have indicated that the addition of PLND to NACRT and total mesorectal excision did not yield a significant reduction in local recurrence rates or improvement in survival.Consequently,meticulous patient selection and perioperative chemotherapy may prove indispensable in ensuring the efficacy of PLND.

Selective lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Lateral lymph node metastasis is one of the leading causes of local recurrence in patients with advanced mid or low rectal cancer.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT)can effectively reduce the postoperative recurrence rate;thus,NCRT with total mesorectal excision(TME)is the most widely accepted standard of care for rectal cancer.The addition of lateral lymph node dissection(LLND)after NCRT remains a controversial topic.AIM To investigate the surgical outcomes of TME plus LLND,and the possible risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis after NCRT.METHODS This retrospective study reviewed 89 consecutive patients with clinical stage II-III mid or low rectal cancer who underwent TME and LLND from June 2016 to October 2018.In the NCRT group,TME plus LLND was performed in patients with short axis(SA)of the lateral lymph node greater than 5 mm.In the non-NCRT group,TME plus LLND was performed in patients with SA of the lateral lymph node greater than 10 mm.Data regarding patient demographics,clinical workup,surgical procedure,complications,and outcomes were collected.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the possible risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis in NCRT patients.RESULTS LLN metastasis was pathologically confirmed in 35 patients(39.3%):26(41.3%)in the NCRT group and 9(34.6%)in the non-NCRT group.The most common site of metastasis was around the obturator nerve(21/35)followed by the internal iliac artery region(12/35).In the NCRT patients,46%of patients with SA of LLN greater than 7 mm were positive.The postoperative 30-d mortality rate was 0%.Two(2.2%)patients suffered from lateral local recurrence in the 2-year follow up.Multivariate analysis showed that cT4 stage(odds ratio[OR]=5.124,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.419-18.508;P=0.013),poor differentiation type(OR=4.014,95%CI:1.038-15.520;P=0.044),and SA≥7 mm(OR=7.539,95%CI:1.487-38.214;P=0.015)were statistically significant risk factors associated with LLN metastasis.CONCLUSION NCRT is not sufficient as a stand-alone therapy to eradicate LLN metastasis in lower rectal cancer patients and surgeons should consider performing selective LLND in patients with greater LLN SA diameter,poorer histological differentiation,or advanced T stage.Selective LLND for NCRT patients can have a favorable oncological outcome.

Short term outcomes of minimally invasive selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Pelvic recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is still a significant problem despite the introduction of total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation treatment(CRT),and one of the most common areas of recurrence is in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes.Hence,there is a possible role for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND)in rectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive LPND during rectal cancer surgery.Secondary outcomes were to evaluate for any predictive factors to determine lymph node metastases based on pre-operative scans.METHODS From October 2016 to November 2019,22 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and LPND.These patients were all discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting and most of them received neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to surgery.All patients had radiologically positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes on the initial staging scans,defined as lymph nodes larger than 7 mm in long axis measurement,or abnormal radiological morphology.LPND was only performed on the involved side.RESULTS Majority of the patients were male(18/22,81.8%),with a median age of 65 years(44-81).Eighteen patients completed neoadjuvant CRT pre-operatively.18 patients(81.8%)had unilateral LPND,with the others receiving bilateral surgery.The median number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes harvested was 10(3-22)per pelvic side wall.8 patients(36.4%)had positive metastases identified in the lymph nodes harvested.The median pre-CRT size of these positive lymph nodes was 10 mm.Median length of stay was 7.5 d(3-76),and only 2 patients failed initial removal of their urinary catheter.Complication rates were low,with only 1 lymphocele and 1 anastomotic leak.There was only 1 mortality(4.5%).There have been no recurrences so far.CONCLUSION Chemoradiation is inadequate in completely eradicating lateral wall metastasis and there are still technical limitations in accurately diagnosing metastases in these areas.A pre-CRT lymph node size of≥10 mm is suggestive of metastases.LPND may be performed safely with minimally invasive surgery.

Current perspectives on the management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer

Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented.However,the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)or neoadjuvant chemoradiation(NACRT)alone in addition to total mesorectal excision(TME)have recently come into question,due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME,or NACRT and TME alone.Recently,a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested,involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy,followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events.A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging,such as nodal size,appearance,and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy.However,no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND,partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies.This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges,considerations for,and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.

Application of indocyanine green-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence-guided imaging in laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for middle-low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND As one effective treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node(LPLN)metastasis(LPNM),laparoscopic LPLN dissection(LPND)is limited due to the complicated anatomy of the pelvic sidewall and various complications after surgery.With regard to improving the accuracy and completeness of LPND as well as safety,we tried an innovative method using indocyanine green(ICG)visualized with a near-infrared(NIR)camera system to guide the detection of LPLNs in patients with middle-low rectal cancer.AIM To investigate whether ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided imaging is a better technique for LPND in patients with rectal cancer.METHODS A total of 42 middle-low rectal cancer patients with clinical LPNM who underwent total mesorectal excision(TME)and LPND between October 2017 and March 2019 at our institution were assessed and divided into an ICG group and a non-ICG group.Clinical characteristics,operative outcomes,pathological outcomes,and postoperative complication information were compared and analysed between the two groups.RESULTS Compared to the non-ICG group,the ICG group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss(55.8±37.5 mL vs 108.0±52.7 mL,P=0.003)and a significantly larger number of LPLNs harvested(11.5±5.9 vs 7.1±4.8,P=0.017).The LPLNs of two patients in the non-IVG group were residual during LPND.In addition,no significant difference was found in terms of LPND,LPNM,operative time,conversion to laparotomy,preoperative complication,or hospital stay(P>0.05).CONCLUSION ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided imaging could be a feasible and convenient technique to guide LPND because it could bring specific advantages regarding the accuracy and completeness of surgery as well as safety.

Prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer

AIM To assess the clinical significance of prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer.METHODS We selected 71 consecutive stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer patients who underwent primary tumor resection,and enrolled 50 of these 71 patients without clinical LPLN metastasis.The patients had distant metastasis such as liver,lung,peritoneum,and paraaortic LN.Clinical LPLN metastasis was defined as LN with a maximum diameter of 10 mm or more on preoperative pelvic computed tomography scan.All patients underwent primary tumor resection,27 patients underwent total mesorectal excision(TME) with LPLND(LPLND group),and 23 patients underwent only TME(TME group).Bilateral LPLND was performed simultaneously with primary tumor resection in LPLND group.R0 resection of both primary and metastatic sites was achieved in 20 of 50 patients.We evaluated possible prognostic factors for 5-year overall survival (OS),and compared 5-year cumulative local recurrence between the LPLND and TME groups.RESULTS For OS,univariate analyses revealed no significant benefit in the LPLND compared with the TME group (28.7% vs 17.0%,P = 0.523); multivariate analysis revealed that R0 resection was an independent prognostic factor.Regarding cumulative local recurrence,the LPLND group showed no significant benefit compared with TME group (21.4% vs 14.8%,P = 0.833).CONCLUSION Prophylactic LPLND shows no oncological benefits in patients with Stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer without clinical LPLN metastasis.

Laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection in two fascial spaces for locally advanced lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND The procedure for lateral lymph node(LLN)dissection(LLND)is complicated and can result in complications.We developed a technique for laparoscopic LLND based on two fascial spaces to simplify the procedure.AIM To clarify the anatomical basis of laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in treating locally advanced low rectal cancer(LALRC).METHODS Cadaveric dissection was performed on 24 pelvises,and the fascial composition related to LLND was observed and described.Three dimensional-laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with LLND was performed in 20 patients with LALRC,and their clinical data were analyzed.RESULTS The cadaver study showed that the fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side in a medial-lateral direction constituting the dissection plane for curative rectal cancer surgery,and the last three fasciae formed two spaces(Latzko's pararectal space and paravesical space)which were the surgical area for LLND.Laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces was performed successfully in all 20 patients.The median operating time,blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were 178(152-243)min,55(25-150)mL and 10(7-20)d,respectively.The median number of harvested LLNs was 8.6(6-12),and pathologically positive LLN metastasis was confirmed in 7(35.0%)cases.Postoperative complications included lower limb pain in 1 case and lymph leakage in 1 case.CONCLUSION Our preliminary surgical experience suggests that laparoscopic LLND based on fascial spaces is a feasible,effective and safe procedure for treating LALRC.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy as Guidance for Lateral Neck Dissection in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Introduction: The surgical management of lateral lymph nodes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is controversies. Therefore, we analyzed whether sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) biopsy of the first draining nodes in the jugulo-carotid chain is an accurate technique to select patients with true-positive but nonpalpable lymph nodes for selective lateral node dissection. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2009, 12 patients with solitary papillary carcinoma measuring 2 cm by ultrasonography were included in this study. After the thyroid gland was exposed to avoid injuring the lateral thyroid lymphatic connection, approximately 0.2 ml of 5mg/ml indocyanine green was injected into the parenchyma of upper and lower thyroid gland. Some stained lymph nodes in the jugulo-carotid chain could be identified following the stained lymphatic duct and dissected as the SLN. After that, thyroidectomy with modified neck dissection was performed. Results: The mean tumor size was 22.1 ± 4.6 mm. Identification and biopsy of stained SLN in the ipsilateral jugulo-carotid chain was successful in all 12 cases. In 6 cases, histopathological analysis of SLNs revealed metastases of the papillary thyroid carcinoma. Among them, 2 cases had additional metastatic lymph nodes in the ipsilateral compartment. Of the 6 patients who had negative lymph node metastasis (LNM) in SLNs, all patients had negative LNM in the ipsilateral compartment. Conclusions: The method may be helpful in the detection of true-positive but nonpalpable lymph nodes and may support a decision to perform a selective lateral node dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Neck dissection for recurrent and persistent lymph nodes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy： effect and choice

Objective： To investigate the best surgical mode for the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with recurrent and persistent lymph nodes after radiotherapy. Methods： The clinical data of 88 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with recurrent and persistent lymph nodes after radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. The levels of involved lymph nodes and the relationship among the levels were analyzed; the survival rate and recurrent rate of the surgical modes including radical neck dissection （RND）, modified radical neck dissection （MRND）, selective neck dissection （SND）, and lymph node resection （LNR） were analyzed; the role of postoperative radiotherapy was evaluated. Results： （1） The recurrent and persistent lymph nodes mainly located in level Ⅱ（55.6% and 58.6%, respectively）, next was level Ⅲ and rarely in level Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and Ⅰ, but the number of levels Ⅳ Ⅴ, and Ⅰ with cancer-bearing lymph nodes was relatively more than that of clinical measurement. （2） Patients with lymph nodes involved in level Ⅲ and Ⅳ, usually, have other levels involved simultaneously; the percentages were 63.6% and 88.9%, respectively. However, the lymph nodes in level Ⅱ and Ⅴ were mainly isolated. （3） The 5-year survival rate and recurrent rate of the whole group were 42.77% and 22.7%, respectively. （4） The 5-year survival rates of RND, MRND, SND, and LMR groups were 39.75%, 60.00%, 37.87%, and 44.10%, respectively; the differences were insignificant （Log-rank = 1.0, P = 0.8011）; the recurrent rate between the extensive and local surgery groups were insignificant （X^2 = 0.470, P = 0.493）. （5） The 5-year survival rates of the patients with and without postoperative radiotherapy were 39.06% and 45.26%, respectively; the difference was insignificant （Log-rank = 0.06, P = 0.8138）. Conclusion： The extensive surgery was recommended when the recurrent and persistent lymph nodes were more than one level involved or very large or immovable, otherwise, the SND should be performed and postoperative radiotherapy was important compensation if necessary.

T1 rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma with bilateral enlarged lateral lymph nodes and unilateral metastasis:A case report

BACKGROUND There are a few cases of lateral lymph node(LLN)metastasis(LLNM)of T1 rectal cancer.Moreover,LLNM is easily missed,especially in patients with early-stage rectal cancer.To our knowledge,the possibility of bilateral LLNM before surgery has not been reported in previous studies.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old woman underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection at a local hospital owing to a clinical diagnosis of a rectal polyp.The pathology report showed a diagnosis of T1 rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma.She was considered to have bilateral LLNM after the examination at our hospital.Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision plus bilateral LLN dissection was performed and the pathological outcomes indicated unilateral LLNM.The patient received longcourse adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with no recurrence or metastasis observed during the 1-year follow-up period.CONCLUSION T1 rectal cancer could lead to LLNM and possibly,bilateral LLNM.Therefore,adequate clinical evaluation is essential for these patients.

Lateral pelvic lymph nodes for rectal cancer:A review of diagnosis and management

The current status and future prospects for diagnosis and treatment of lateral pelvic lymph node(LPLN)metastasis of rectal cancer are described in this review.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is recommended for the diagnosis of LPLN metastasis.A LPLN-positive status on MRI is a strong risk factor for metastasis,and evaluation by MRI is important for deciding treatment strategy.LPLN dissection(LPLD)has an advantage of reducing recurrence in the lateral pelvis but also has a disadvantage of complications;therefore,LPLD may not be appropriate for cases that are less likely to have LPLN metastasis.Radiation therapy(RT)and chemoradiation therapy(CRT)have limited effects in cases with suspected LPLN metastasis,but a combination of preoperative CRT and LPLD may improve the treatment outcome.Thus,RT and CRT plus selective LPLD may be a rational strategy to omit unnecessary LPLD and produce a favorable treatment outcome.

改良式小切口病灶清除术联合功能性颈淋巴结清扫术对颈部淋巴结核的治疗效果观察

目的探讨改良式小切口病灶清除术联合功能性颈淋巴结清扫术(FND)治疗颈部淋巴结核的临床效果。方法选取2020年8月至2022年8月河北省胸科医院普外科收治的颈部淋巴结核患者104例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组52例。观察组采用改良式小切口病灶清除术联合FND治疗,对照组采用常规切口病灶清除术联合FND治疗。比较两组的治疗效果、手术相关指标、切口愈合情况、术后疼痛程度及并发症发生情况。结果两组治疗总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、切口长度、引流管拔除时间、住院时间、切口瘢痕长度、切口愈合时间短于对照组,切口愈合良好率高于对照组,术后12、24、48、72 h静息及活动状态下的疼痛视觉模拟量表评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为3.85%,明显低于对照组的17.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良式小切口病灶清除术联合FND治疗颈部淋巴结核可促进术后恢复及切口愈合,减轻术后疼痛,且并发症较少,值得临床应用。

无充气腋窝入路和颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能及中央区淋巴结清扫水平的影响

目的:比较无充气腋窝入路和颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能及中央区淋巴结清扫水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月我院收治的80例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,其中40例行颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术(开放组),40例行无充气腋窝入路甲状腺癌根治术(腋窝组),对比两组术前和术后血清全段甲状旁腺激素(siPTH)水平、血清钙水平及中央区淋巴结清扫个数。结果:两组术前siPTH和血清钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术后siPTH水平虽有降低,但均在正常范围,两组术后血清钙均值也在正常范围,两组术后siPTH及血清钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。开放组中央区淋巴结清扫数量多于腋窝组(P<0.05)。结论:两种入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能的影响无明显差异,但传统颈前开放入路术式较无充气腋窝入路术式对清扫中央区淋巴结更有利。

根治性子宫切除术结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术对宫颈癌患者血清CA-199、CA125、SCC-Ag水平的影响

目的 探讨根治性子宫切除术结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术应用于宫颈癌患者的效果及对患者血清肿瘤标志物糖类抗原199(CA199)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)水平的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2023年6月期间于芜湖市第二人民医院接受手术治疗的118例宫颈癌患者资料,根据手术方式不同分为传统开腹组(42例,接受传统开腹根治性子宫切除术)和微创组(76例,接受腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术),比较两组手术效果及患者血清肿瘤标志物水平差异。结果 微创组手术时间较开腹组更长,术中出血量较开腹组少,住院时间、胃肠道恢复时间短于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.881、12.348、21.622、11.780,P<0.05);与术前比较,术后两组血清CA-199、CA125、SCC-Ag水平均下降:术前>术后2周>术后1月,微创组术后各时间点上述指标水平均低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(F=237.516、8.733、6.182、251.616、12.520、7.069、250.512、14.554、4.663,P<0.05);微创组术后并发症总发生率低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.116,P<0.05)。结论 腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗宫颈癌,可以优化手术效果,促进术后康复,提高安全性,改善预后。

基于MRI探索用于术前预测直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的短径截断值

目的:探讨基于侧方淋巴结(lateral pelvic lymph node, LPLN)短径预测术前进行新辅助治疗和未进行新辅助治疗的直肠癌患者LPLN转移的诊断标准。方法:回顾性收集分析自2012年01月至2019年12月中国侧方淋巴结协作组的机构数据库中行全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision, TME)+侧方淋巴结清扫术(lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis, LPLND)的临床怀疑LPLN肿大的直肠癌患者的临床病理资料。结果:共纳入446例患者,根据不同术前治疗策略,将所有患者分为新辅助治疗组和无新辅助治疗组。新辅助治疗组患者病理pCR/T1(9.0%vs 2.7%,P=0.013)和N0(41.9%vs 55.3%,P<0.001)的比例与无新辅助治疗组患者差异明显。此外,相比于无新辅助治疗组患者,新辅助治疗组患者手术时间明显延长(300.7 vs 277.4 min,P=0.018)。新辅助治疗组与无新辅助治疗组分别有40例(25.8%)和78例(26.8%)患者病理诊断为LPLN转移。髂内淋巴结是新辅助治疗组(16.1%)和无新辅助治疗组(15.8%)患者最常见的LPLN转移位置。新辅助治疗组患者平均转移LPLN短径(1.0 vs 1.4 mm,P=0.015)和无转移LPLN短径(0.6 vs 0.8 mm,P=0.005)明显短于无新辅助治疗组。无新辅助治疗组和新辅助治疗组患者分别以9 mm和7 mm作为LPLN截断值时,AUC值分别为0.817和0.745,有着较好的一致性。结论:接受新辅助治疗和未接受新辅助治疗的患者分别以7 mm和9 mm作为LPLN截断值时,有着最佳的预测LPLN转移的能力。

双能CT定量参数对甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移的预测价值

目的探讨双能CT(DECT)定量参数对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)颈侧区淋巴结转移(LLNM)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析216例(LLNM组174例,非LLNM组42例)经手术病理证实的PTC患者DECT影像资料。比较两组间DECT定量参数差异,包括平扫、动脉期和静脉期碘浓度(IC)、有效原子序数(Zeff)、能谱曲线斜率(λHU)、标准化IC(NIC)和标准化Zeff(NZeff)。将差异有统计学意义的参数纳入二元Logistic回归分析LLNM的独立预测因子。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估独立预测因子及其联合对LLNM的预测效能。结果与非LLNM组比较,LLNM组具有更低的平扫NIC(Z=-2.279,P=0.023),更高的动脉期IC、NIC、NZeff、λHU和更高的静脉期IC、NIC、Zeff、λHU(P均<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,平扫NIC(P=0.006)和静脉期NIC(P=0.002)是LLNM的独立预测因子,其联合模型的预测效能最高,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.672(95%CI:0.605~0.734),敏感度63.79%,特异度66.67%;其次是静脉期NIC(AUC=0.634)和平扫NIC(AUC=0.613)模型。结论DECT定量参数可在一定程度上辅助预测PTC患者有无LLNM。

中国直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移诊疗专家共识(2024版)

侧方淋巴结是中低位直肠癌常见的转移部位,亦是术后局部复发的主要原因。目前国际上针对直肠癌侧方转移的诊断、治疗尚存争议。本共识在《中国直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移诊疗专家共识(2019版)》的基础上,结合国内外最新研究成果,国内42位结直肠癌研究领域的专家针对直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的诊断、治疗策略、随诊以及复发处理4个方面进行修订,提出18条侧方淋巴结诊疗相关共识,并采用美国预防医学工作组的评价标准进行等级推荐,旨在进一步规范直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的诊断标准及治疗策略。在本共识中未解决的相关问题,尚需进一步临床实践,并积极开展高质量的临床研究逐步探索和解决。

甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移的危险因素

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移的相关危险因素,建立预测PTC患者发生侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移风险的列线图,以帮助制订合理的手术计划。方法:收集2020年1月至2021年12月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院行甲状腺全切除术和中央淋巴结清扫术(central lymph node dissection,CLND)加侧颈部淋巴结清扫术(lateral lymph node dissection,LLND)的209例PTC患者的临床资料,分析侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移与PTC患者临床病理特征及术前相关检查指标的关系。寻找年龄和超声下优势结节直径的最佳临界值,并绘制风险预测模型列线图。结果:侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移发生率为12.9%(27/209)。临床病理及术前检查特征的单因素分析显示:侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移与年龄、肿瘤病灶位置、肿瘤直径、中央淋巴结清扫数目、侧颈部淋巴结转移数目、超声下优势结节直径大小、超声提示肿瘤边缘粗糙及超声提示甲状腺外侵犯有关(均P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示:年龄(OR=1.061,P=0.003)、超声下结节直径大小(OR=0.874,P=0.003)、肿瘤位于上部位置(OR=2.874,P=0.035)、超声提示肿瘤边缘粗糙(OR=0.118,P=0.044)及超声提示甲状腺外侵犯(OR=0.287,P=0.013)是侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移的独立预测因素。年龄为38.5岁、超声下结节直径<9.5 mm对预测侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移具有最大的预测价值。结论:年龄>38.5岁、肿瘤位于上部位置、超声下结节直径<9.5 mm、超声提示结节边缘粗糙及超声提示甲状腺外侵犯的PTC患者易出现侧颈部淋巴结跳跃性转移。本研究根据相关独立危险因素建立的预测PTC患者发生跳跃性转移风险的列线图,可有效帮助临床医生术前评估PTC发生跳跃性转移的风险。

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中淋巴结清扫的争议与进展

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术是目前直肠恶性肿瘤的主要治疗方式。淋巴结的清扫是决定手术根治性的重要因素。淋巴结清扫范围以及淋巴结的清扫方式是手术的关键。本文结合国内外指南、文献以及刁德昌教授团队的实践经验,对腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中淋巴结清扫的争议与进展进行论述。为临床直肠癌淋巴结清扫选择提供参考,以更好地平衡肿瘤治疗效果和患者功能保护。