Effect of applying selenium fertilizer to improve soil and increase selenium level in food for prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease

For prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease by applying Se fertilizer to soil to increase Se up to normal level for the wheat grains is introduced in this paper. After use this measure the intake of Se by the residents in the exemplary area increased from 10.4μg to 33.6 μg per day in average. After supplementing Se to human body one year, there is no new patient found among 300 healthy children in the exemplary area but 4 patients found among 264 healthy children in the control area. It is shown that by applying Se fertilizer to KBD area is a effective way for preventing and cure this disease.

Mechanisms of resveratrol in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer

Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.According to the Global Cancer Statistics,colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality,closely followed by gastric cancer(GC).Environmental,dietary,and lifestyle factors including cigarette smoking,alcohol intake,and genetics are the most important risk factors for GI cancer.Furthermore,infections caused by Helicobacter pylori are a major cause of GC initiation.Despite improvements in conventional therapies,including surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,the length or quality of life of patients with advanced GI cancer is still poor because of delayed diagnosis,recurrence and side effect.Resveratrol(3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene;Res),a natural polyphenolic compound,reportedly has various pharmacologic functions including anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,and cardioprotective functions.Many studies have demonstrated that Res also exerts a chemopreventive effect on GI cancer.Research investigating the anti-cancer mechanism of Res for the prevention and treatment of GI cancer has implicated multiple pathways including oxidative stress,cell proliferation,and apoptosis.Therefore,this paper provides a review of the function and molecular mechanisms of Res in the prevention and treatment of GI cancer.

Analysis of risk factors for lymphedema of the lower limbs after endometrial cancer surgery and suggestions for prevention and treatment

Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of lower limb lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer after surgery and to make recommendations for prevention and treatment.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 135 patients with endometrial cancer treated in the Department of Gynecology of the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2013 to December 2019 and analyzed the risk factors of lower limb lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer after surgery using single factor analysis and multi-factor logistic regression analysis.Results:The incidence of postoperative lower limb lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer was 11.11%.The results of one-way Chi-square test analysis showed that body mass index(BMI),surgical method,number of lymph node dissection,and radiotherapy were related to the occurrence of lower limb lymphedema,and multi-factor logistic analysis showed that BMI(odds ratio[OR]=6.207),number of lymph node dissection(OR=4.223),and radiotherapy(OR=8.081)were the risk factors for lower limb lymphedema after endometrial cancer surgery.Conclusion:Patients with endometrial cancer with BMI≥≥25 kg/m^(2),high number of lymph node dissection,and postoperative radiotherapy are more likely to develop lower limb lymphedema,and they should be given priority attention and timely preventive and curative measures.

Effects of Traditional Chinese medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer with a focus on epigenetics regulation

Breast cancer has been an important factor that influenced women＇s health with its increasing incidence. The conventional research suggests that breast cancer is caused by genetic mutations, while some advanced studies have found that epigenetics plays an important role in the pathogenesis, prognosis, prevention and treatment of breast cancer Epigenetics is a new direction of research in the field of life sciences. Traditional Chinese medicine, like surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrinotherapy, is an important part of comprehensive treatment of breast cancer, especially in the consolidation phase of treatment period,which can prevent recurrence or metastasis of breast cancer The theory of epigenetics has some similarities with the theory of TCM, such as ~Correspondence between human being and nature＂, ~Tongbing Yizhi＂ （treating the same disease with different methods）, ~Yibing Tongzhi＂ （treating different diseases with the same method） and the constitution science of TCM. Traditional Chinese medicine can be used to regulate epigenetic modification through DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNA, etc.. The abnormality of epigenetic information can be reversed, which is related to transferring balance between Yin and Yang in the body and making the body restore optimal nature state. This article discusses the application of epigenetics in the study of TCM and in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. It is a multidisciplinary review to explore the basis about epigenetics in prevention and treatment of breast cancer with TCM, and provide a reference for clinical practice

Potential Benefits of Green Tea in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment:A Comprehensive Review

Prostate cancer is a prevalent and debilitating disease that necessitates effective prevention and treatment strategies.Green tea,a well-known beverage derived from the Camellia sinensis plant,contains bioactive compounds with potential health benefits,including catechins and polyphenols.This comprehensive review aims to explore the potential benefits of green tea in prostate cancer prevention and treatment by examining existing literature.Green tea possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-carcinogenic properties attributed to its catechins,particularly epigallocatechin gallate.Epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between green tea consumption and prostate cancer risk,with potential protection against aggressive forms of the disease.Laboratory studies demonstrate that green tea components inhibit tumor growth,induce apoptosis,and modulate signaling pathways critical to prostate cancer development and progression.Clinical trials and human studies further support the potential benefits of green tea.Green tea consumption has been found to be associated with a reduction in prostate-specific antigen levels,tumor markers,and played a potential role in slowing disease progression.However,challenges remain,including optimal dosage determination,formulation standardization,and conducting large-scale,long-term clinical trials.The review suggests future research should focus on combinatorial approaches with conventional therapies and personalized medicine strategies to identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit from green tea interventions.

Update on the prevention of local recurrence and peritoneal metastases in patients with colorectal cancer

The prevention of a disease process has always been superior to the treatment of the same disease throughout the history of medicine and surgery. Local recurrence and peritoneal metastases occur in approximately 8% of colon cancer patients and 25% of rectal cancer patients and should be prevented. Strategies to prevent colon or rectal cancer local recurrence and peritoneal metastases include cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy (HIPEC). These strategies can be used at the time of primary colon or rectal cancer resection if the HIPEC is available. At institutions where HIPEC is not available with the treatment of primary malignancy, a proactive second-look surgery is recommended. Several phase II studies strongly support the proactive approach. If peritoneal metastases were treated along with the primary colon resection, 5-year survival was seen and these results were superior to the results of treatment after peritoneal metastases had developed as recurrence. Also, prophylactic HIPEC improved survival with T3/T4 mucinous or signet ring colon cancers. A second-look has been shown to be effective in two published manuscripts. Unpublished data from MedStar Washington Cancer Institute also produced favorable date. Rectal cancer with peritoneal metastases may not be so effectively treated. There are both credits and debits of this proactive approach. Selection factors should be reviewed by the multidisciplinary team for individualized management of patients with or at high risk for peritoneal metastases.

Unraveling the biological link between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer:Insights and implications

This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus(DM)and prostate cancer(PCa).It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa,delving into the biological links,including insulin resistance and hormonal changes.The paper critically analyzes previous studies that have shown varying results and introduces mendelian randomization as a method for establishing causality.It emphasizes the importance of early DM screening and lifestyle modifications in preventing PCa,and proposes future research directions for further understanding the DM-PCa relationship.

Human microbiome and prostate cancer development:current insights into the prevention and treatment

The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease.The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development.To date,several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk.Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men,demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment.In healthy individuals,the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism.Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems,including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation,and changing serum hormone levels.In this review,we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract,gastrointestinal tract,oral cavity,and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer.Furthermore,we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment,prevention,and treatment of prostate cancer.

Effects of USPSTF guidelines on patterns of screening and treatment outcomes for prostate cancer

The updated United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) for prostate cancer in 2012 recommends against prostate-specific antigen(PSA) based screening for men of all ages. Prostate cancer is the second most common and second most deadly cancer in American men. PSA screening for prostate cancer has been present since 1994 leading to an over diagnosis and over treatment of low volume disease. There is an overall agreement of men towards the guidelines but even with the understanding of the USPSTF, these men tend to follow more personal beliefs that have been influenced by their knowledge of the disease process and physician influence. Physicians also followed the directions of the patients and opted not to change their current practice of PSA screening despite the new guidelines. Time, legal, and ethical issues were some of the barriers that physicians faced in tailoring their practice towards screening. The importance of informed consent is highlighted by both the patients and the physicians and clearly more effective when the patient was pre-informed of the disease processand prompted the physicians to initiate conversation of informed screening. Younger patients were inclined towards aggressive treatment and older patients opted towards watchful waiting both with emphasis on the importance of evidence-based information provided by the physician. Decision aids were useful in making informed decisions and could be used to educate patients on screening purposes and treatment options. However, even with well-created decision aids and physician influence, patients' own belief system played a major part in healthcare decision making in either screening or treatment for prostate cancer.

A systematic review of phytochemicals from Chinese herbal medicines for non-coding RNAs-mediated cancer prevention and treatment:From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications

Worldwide,cancer is a growing epidemic that results in large social and economic burdens.Despite advances in current diagnosis and treatment,most of the prognosis in cancer patients remains poor.It is urgent to find alternative therapies with effective cancer prevention and treatment.Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)have been increasingly used worldwide for cancer prevention and treatment due to their privileged properties.CHMs are useful in the suppression of various types of cancers through different mechanisms of action.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs,are closely involved in the cancer progression and development.Regulation of ncRNAs in tumor cells may be a useful pharmacological strategy for the cancer prevention and treatment.Substantial evidence exists that various phytochemicals from CHMs exert potent anticarcinogenic effects by regulating ncRNAs-related targets and signaling pathways.Herein,the purpose of this paper is to conclude the current understanding of phytochemicals from CHMs in ncRNAs-mediated cancer suppression and the molecular mechanisms.This review will help to provide beneficial clues related to the clinical use of CHMs in the cancer prevention and treatment and further promote new drug discovery against cancer.

Chinese national clinical practice guidelines on prevention,diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer

Background:The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer(CRC)in China are increasing in recent years.The clarified pathogenesis and detectable precancerous lesions of CRC make it possible to prevent,screen,and diagnose CRC at an early stage.With the development of endoscopic and surgical techniques,the choice of treatment for early CRC is also worth further discussion,and accordingly,a standard follow-up program after treatment needs to be established.Methods:This clinical practice guideline(CPG)was developed following the recommended process of the World Health Organization,adopting Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)in assessing evidence quality,and using the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations,thereby minimizing bias and increasing transparency of the CPG development process.We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare(RIGHT)statement and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)as reporting and conduct guides to ensure the guideline’s completeness and transparency.Results:This CPG comprises 46 recommendations concerning prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and surveillance of CRC.In these recommendations,we have indicated protective and risk factors for CRC and made recommendations for chemoprevention.We proposed a suitable screening program for CRC based on the Chinese context.We also provided normative statements for the diagnosis,treatment,and surveillance of CRC based on existing clinical evidence and guidelines.Conclusions:The 46 recommendations in this CPG are formed with consideration for stakeholders’values and preferences,feasibility,and acceptability.Recommendations are generalizable to resource-limited settings with similar CRC epidemiology pattern as China.

Chinese national clinical practice guidelines on the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of early gastric cancer

Background:Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China.Few comprehensive practice guidelines for early gastric cancer in China are currently available.Therefore,we created the Chinese national clinical practice guideline for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods:This clinical practice guideline(CPG)was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization’s recommended process and with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)in assessing evidence quality.We used the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations to minimize bias and increase transparency in the CPG development process.We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare(RIGHT)statement and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)as reporting and conduct guidelines to ensure completeness and transparency of the CPG.Results:This CPG contains 40 recommendations regarding the prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of early gastric cancer based on available clinical studies and guidelines.We provide recommendations for the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication,screening populations for early gastric cancer,indications for endoscopic resection and surgical gastrectomy,follow-up interval after treatment,and other recommendations.Conclusions:This CPG can lead to optimum care for patients and populations by providing up-to-date medical information.We intend this CPG for widespread adoption to increase the standard of prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of early gastric cancer;thereby,contributing to improving national health care and patient quality of life.

Sex-and gender-specific disparities in colorectal cancer risk

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer morbidity both in men and in women.However,females over 65 years old show higher mortality and lower 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer compared to their age-matched male counterparts.The objective of this review is to suggest gender-based innovations to improve colorectal cancer outcomes in females.Women have a higher risk of developing right-sided(proximal) colon cancer than men,which is associated with more aggressive form of neoplasia compared to left-sided(distal) colon cancer.Despite differences in tumor location between women and men,most of scientific researchers do not consider sex specificity for study design and interpretation.Also,colorectal cancer screening guidelines do not distinguish females from male,which may explain the higher frequency of more advanced neoplasia when tumors are first detected and false negative results in colonoscopy in females.Moreover,socio-cultural barriers within females are present to delay screening and diagnosis.Few studies,among studies that included both men and women,have reported sex-specific estimates of dietary risk factors which are crucial to establish cancer prevention guidelines despite sex-and genderassociated differences in nutrient metabolism and dietary practices.Furthermore,anti-cancer drug use for colorectal cancer treatment can cause toxicity to the reproductive system,and gender-specific recurrence and survival rates are reported.Therefore,by understanding sex-and gender-related biological and socio-cultural differences in colorectal cancer risk,gender-specific strategies for screening,treatment and prevention protocols can be established to reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life.

Pancreatic cancer-improved care achievable

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive cancers,and the decline in mortality observed in most other cancer diseases,has so far not taken place in pancreatic cancer.Complete tumor resection is a requirement for potential cure,and the reorganization of care in the direction of high patient-volume centers,offering multimodal treatment,has improved survival and Quality of Life.Also the rates and severity grade of complications are improving in high-volume pancreatic centers.One of the major problems worldwide is underutilization of surgery in resectable pancreatic cancer.Suboptimal investigation,follow up and oncological treatment outside specialized centers are additional key problems.New chemotherapeutic regimens like FOLFIRINOX have improved survival in patients with metastatic disease,and different adjuvant treatment options result in well documented survival benefit.Neoadjuvant treatment is highly relevant,but needs further evaluation.Also adjuvant immunotherapy,in the form of vaccination with synthetic K-Ras-peptides,has been shown to produce long term immunological memory in cytotoxic T-cells in long term survivors.Improvement in clinical outcome is already achievable and further progress is expected in the near future for patients treated with curative as well as palliative intention.

A Case of Colon Cancer Surgery Complicated with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective:To investigate the treatment and prevention of acute myocardial infarction after colon cancer surgery.Methods:A patient with acute anterior myocardial infarction who underwent stent implantation in the Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University in 2017 was selected as the subject.The patient was admitted to the emergency department for stent implantation and took antiplatelet and lipid regulating drugs orally on time after the operation.The patient also had a history of colon cancer.The lesion was resected,and the complication after operation was acute myocardial infarction.After active and effective treatment and intervention,the treatment effect of the patient was analyzed.Results:Urgent PTCA was performed,and 0.5 mg Tirofiban was injected into the coronary artery.The results of angiography showed that the blood flow of anterior descending branch recovered to grade 2.Conclusion:The condition of patients with myocardial infarction after colon cancer surgery changes rapidly.Surgery combined with drug treatment can achieve a good prognosis,reduce mortality,and improve patients’cardiac function.

New insights into pancreatic cancer stem cells

Pancreatic cancer(PC) has been one of the deadliest of all cancers, with almost uniform lethality despite aggressive treatment. Recently, there have been important advances in the molecular, pathological and biological understandingof pancreatic cancer. Even after the emergence of recent new targeted agents and the use of multiple therapeutic combinations, no treatment option is viable in patients with advanced cancer. Developing novel strategies to target progression of PC is of intense interest. A small population of pancreatic cancer stem cells(CSCs) has been found to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CSCs are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. The CSC research has recently achieved much progress in a variety of solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer to some extent. This leads to focus on understanding the role of pancreatic CSCs. The focus on CSCs may offer new targets for prevention and treatment of this deadly cancer. We review the most salient developments in important areas of pancreatic CSCs. Here, we provide a review of current updates and new insights on the role of CSCs in pancreatic tumor progression with special emphasis on Dcl K1 and Lgr5, signaling pathways altered by CSCs, and the role of CSCs in prevention and treatment of PC.

Chiral polypeptide nanoparticles as nanoadjuvants of nanovaccines for efficient cancer prevention and therapy

The chirality of bioactive molecules is closely related to their functions.D-amino acids commonly distributed in the bacterial cell walls trigger a robust anti-infective immune response.Inspired by that,two kinds of chiral polypeptides,poly(L-phenylalanine)-block-poly(L-lysine)(PL-K)and poly(Lphenylalanine)-block-poly(D-lysine)(PD-K),were synthesized and used as nanoadjuvants of nanovaccines for cancer prevention and therapy.The amphiphilic polypeptides self-assembled into nanoparticles with a diameter of about 30 nm during ultrasonic-assisted dissolution in phosphate-buffered saline.The nanovaccines PL-K-OVA and PD-K-OVA were easily prepared by mixing solutions of PL-K or PD-K and the model antigen chicken ovalbumin(OVA),respectively,with loading efficiencies of almost 100%.Compared to PL-K-OVA,PD-K-OVA more robustly induced dendritic cell maturation,antigen cross-presentation,and adaptive immune response.More importantly,it effectively prevented and treated the OVA-expressed B16-OVA melanoma model.PD-K-OVA achieved a tumor inhibition rate of 94.9%and even 97.0%by combining with anti-PD-1 antibody.Therefore,the chiral polypeptide nanoparticles represent simple,efficient,and extensively applicable nanoadjuvants for various nanovaccines.

Current preventive treatment for recurrence after curative hepatectomy for liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma: A literature review of randomized control trials

To review the preventive approaches for recurrence after curative resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma, we have summarized all available publications reporting randomized control trials (RCTs) covered in PubMed. The treatment approaches presented above include adjuvant intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Although no standard treatment has been established, several approaches present promising results, which are both effective and tolerable in post-hepatectomy patients. Intrahepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy should be regarded as effective and tolerable and it increases overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of patients, while 5-fluorouracil-based systemic chemotherapy has not shown any significant survival benefit. Fortunately chemotherapy combined with hepatic arterial infusion and intravenous infusion has shown OS and DFS benefit in many researches. Few neoadjuvant RCT studies have been conducted to evaluate its effect on prolonging survivals although many retrospective studies and case reports are published in which unresectable colorectal liver metastases are downstaged and made resectable with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Liver resection supplemented with immunotherapy is associated with optimal results; however, it is also questioned by others. In conclusion, several adjuvant approaches have been studied for their efficacy on recurrence after hepatectomy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC), but multi-centric RCT is still needed for further evaluation on their efficacy and systemic or local toxicities. In addition, new adjuvant treatment should be investigated to provide more effective and tolerable methods for the patients with resectable hepatic metastases from CRC.

Combination of Se-methylselenocysteine,D-α-tocopheryl succinate,β-carotene,and L-lysine can prevent cancer metastases using as an adjuvant therapy

Objective:Primary tumor treatment through surgical resection and adjuvant therapy has been extensively studied,but there is a lack of effective strategies and drugs for the treatment of tumor metastases.Here,we describe a functional product based on a combination of compounds,which can be used as an adjuvant therapy and has well-known mechanisms for inhibiting cancer metastases,improving anti-cancer treatment,and enhancing immunity and antioxidant capacity.Our designed combination,named MVBL,consists of four inexpensive compounds:L-selenium-methylselenocysteine(MSC),D-α-tocopheryl succinic acid(VES),β-carotene(β-Ca),and L-lysine(Lys).Methods:The effects of MVBL on cell viability,cell cycle,cell apoptosis,cell migration,cell invasion,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and paclitaxel(PTX)-combined treatment were studied in vitro.The inhibition of tumor metastasis,antioxidation,and immune enhancement capacity of MVBL were determined in vivo.Results:MVBL exhibited higher toxicity to tumor cells than to normal cells.It did not significantly affect the cell cycle of cancer cells,but increased their apoptosis.Wound healing,adhesion,and transwell assays showed that MVBL significantly inhibited tumor cell migration,adhesion,and invasion.MVBL sensitized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to PTX,indicating that it can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs.In mice,experimental data showed that MVBL inhibited tumor metastasis,prolonged their survival time,and enhanced their antioxidant capacity and immune function.Conclusions:This study revealed the roles of MVBL in improving immunity and antioxidation,preventing tumor growth,and inhibiting metastasis in vitro and in vivo.MVBL may be used as an adjuvant drug in cancer therapy for improving the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.

Integrative medicine in the era of cancer immunotherapy: Challenges and opportunities

Cancer immunotherapy has led to a new era of cancer treatment strategies, and transforming healthcare for cancer patients. Meanwhile, reports of immune-related adverse events have been increasing, greatly hindering the use of cancer immunotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has been widely used in Asian countries for thousands of years, is known to play a complementary role in the treatment of cancer. Taken in combined with conventional modern therapies, such as resection, ablation and radiotherapy, TCM exerts its main anti-cancer effects in two ways: health-strengthening(Fu-Zheng) and pathogen-eliminating(Qu-Xie). Theoretically, pathogen-eliminating TCM can promote the release of tumor-related antigens and should be able to increase the effect of immunotherapy, while healthstrengthening TCM may have immune-enhancing mechanisms that overlap with immunotherapy. In the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is important to balance the use of TCM and immunotherapy, with the goal of enhancing immune efficacy and antagonizing immune toxicity. In this article, we discuss this issue by considering the mechanism of tumor immunotherapy, alongside the theoretical basis of TCM treatment of tumors, with the aim of bringing new insights to future research in this field.