California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield ...California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield and nutritive value under late-cutting schedule strategy may help identify cultivars that growers can use to maximize yield while maintaining area for sustainable alfalfa production, but there is little information on this strategy. A field study was conducted to determine cumulative dry matter (DM) and nutritive values of 20 semi- and non-fall dormant (FD) ratings (FD 7 and FD 8 - 10, respectively) cultivars under 35-day cut in California’s Central Valley in 2020-2022. Seasonal cumulative DM yields ranged from 6.8 in 2020 to 37.0 Mg·ha−1 in 2021. Four FD 8 - 9 cultivars were the highest yielding with 3-yrs avg. DM greater than the lowest yielding lines by 46%. FD 7 cultivar “715RR” produced the highest crude protein (CP: 240 g·Kg−1) while FD 8 cultivar “HVX840RR” resulted in the highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD: 484 g·Kg−1, 7% greater than the top yielding cultivars) but with DM yield intermediate. Yields and NDFD correlated positively but weakly indicating some semi- and non-FD cultivars performing similarly. These results suggest that selecting high yielding cultivars under 35-day cutting schedule strategy can be used as a tool to help growers to maximize yield while achieving good quality forages for sustainable alfalfa production in California’s Central Valley.展开更多
Alfalfa （Medicago sativa） is difficult to ensile successfully because of the low content of moisture and water-soluble carbohydrates （WSC） in fresh alfalfa and the high buffering capacity in fresh alfalfa. Here, w...Alfalfa （Medicago sativa） is difficult to ensile successfully because of the low content of moisture and water-soluble carbohydrates （WSC） in fresh alfalfa and the high buffering capacity in fresh alfalfa. Here, we conducted a study to evaluate the effects of three lactic acid bacteria （LAB） inoculants （Lactobacillus case/, lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus） on silage quality, in sitE/ruminal degradability, and in vitro fermentation of alfalfa silage. The first cut of alfalfa was wilted, chopped, and randomly divided into four groups： the control （CON） and control mixed with three separate LAB inoculants （106 cfu g-1）. Simmental steers with a body weight of （452±18） kg and with installed rumen fistulas were prepared for in situ degradation and for in vitro gas production. LAB inoculants had a lower （P〈0.05） content of butyric acid than the CON group. Among them, the L. casei inoculated silage had a higher （P〈0.05） content of water-soluble carbohydrate （WSC） and a lower （P〈0.05） NH3-H content. The effective degradation （ED） of crude protein in LAB inoculation decreased （P〈0.05）, while the ED of acid detergent fiber increased （P〈0.05） in situ fermentation. The alfalfa silage with LAB inoculants produced more carbon dioxide （P〈0.05）. The NH3-H content of mixed incubation fluid in L. casei inoculated silage was lower （P〈0.05） compared with other groups. Therefore, this study showed that LAB inoculants could improve both ensiling quality and degradation. In particular, the L. casei inoculations exhibited better performance by limiting proteolysis during ensiling.展开更多
[Objective]The growth and production characteristics of different alfalfa varieties in Jiamusi were explored in the paper,in order to better study their cold resistance in northern regions. [Method]The yield traits in...[Objective]The growth and production characteristics of different alfalfa varieties in Jiamusi were explored in the paper,in order to better study their cold resistance in northern regions. [Method]The yield traits in different growth periods were measured using randomized block design method. [Results] The plant height of Longmu 803 was the highest of 66. 80 cm on the seeding year; the numbers of plants and branches per unit length of Longmu 808 were the highest of 94 plants and 184 branches,respectively,and its yield was the highest. The overwintering rate of each variety in the region was 100%. The yield of first mowing successively were Longmu 808 】 Longmu 80 】 Xunlu alfalfa 】 Aohan alfalfa 】 Zhaodong alfalfa 】 Longmu 807; the yield and 1 000-grain weight of Longmu803 were the highest,which were 20. 24 and 0. 09 g higher than control Zhaodong alfalfa,respectively. [Conclusion]The test alfalfa varieties have higher cold resistance in Jiamusi. Longmu 803 and Longmu 808 have both high grass production performance and excellent production performance.展开更多
China has abundant straw resources. However, the straw has high levels of crude fiber, low levels of crude protein and fat, poor palatability and low digestibility and a large volume. This study explored the feasibili...China has abundant straw resources. However, the straw has high levels of crude fiber, low levels of crude protein and fat, poor palatability and low digestibility and a large volume. This study explored the feasibility of using wheat straw powder to replace some of alfalfa and the suitable replacement ratio for lactating dairy cows. In this trial, cows in the mid-lactation stage were fed with rations in which alfalfa hay was replaced isocalorically and isonitrogenously at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by wheat straw powder to explore the rumen metabolism and production performance of lactating dairy cows. Using a large randomized block design, 60 cows were selected and divided into 4 groups: the positive control group CG (0% replacement), and groups AL (20% replacement), AM (40% replacement), and AH (60% replacement). The pre-feeding period was 2 weeks and the trial period was 8 weeks. Milk yield, milk protein yield, milk protein percentage, lactose yield, lactose percentage, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage were not affected by the diets, and the differences among the groups were not significant (P > 0.05). The results show that replacing 20% alfalfa with wheat straw powder is most beneficial to production. When only the feed costs were considered, without considering other costs (such as labor, machinery, etc.) in the economic benefit calculation process, and assume that other costs are the same among the groups, and the economic benefits obtained by the AL group were the largest. The experimental results provide a basis for the further development of straw feed.展开更多
The paper studies the effect of incubation of rhizobia with soybean seeds lectin on formation and functioning of alfalafa-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis under the optimal water supply and drought conditions. It was ...The paper studies the effect of incubation of rhizobia with soybean seeds lectin on formation and functioning of alfalafa-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis under the optimal water supply and drought conditions. It was shown that the addition of lectin to the inoculation compositions intensifies physiological processes in alfalfa plants： increases nitrogen fixing activity of symbiosis, nodule number on roots, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid content in leaves, enhances plant growth during budding-fruiting period and reduces the negative effect of drought on alfalfa productivity.展开更多
为验证农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator, APSIM)—苜蓿模型对山西晋中盆地地区的适应性,本研究基于晋中市太谷区6个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的田间观测数据和同期气象资料对模型进行校准,并设置不同...为验证农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator, APSIM)—苜蓿模型对山西晋中盆地地区的适应性,本研究基于晋中市太谷区6个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的田间观测数据和同期气象资料对模型进行校准,并设置不同水分处理与降水/气温梯度进行情景模拟,分析各品种的生产力及适应性。结果表明:APSIM模拟各茬紫花苜蓿干草产量的决定系数(Correlation coefficient,R2)为0.82~0.98,均方根误差(Root mean square error,RMSE)为440~633 kg·hm^(-2),均一化均方根误差(Normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)为10.57%~14.98%,D指数(Index of agreement)为0.90~0.96,拟合度较高;情景模拟中,不同水分处理和降水梯度对紫花苜蓿产草量的效应极显著(P<0.01),但气温梯度间紫花苜蓿产草量的差异不显著;各紫花苜蓿品种的产量损失率(Yield lose rate, YLR)在不同温度、降水梯度和水分处理间差异显著(P<0.01),且雨养处理下YLR最高。虽未能充分发挥潜在产量,但总体而言“WL”系列品种在山西晋中盆地地区具有更好的生产适应性;APSIM模型对研究区紫花苜蓿生产有较好的模拟能力,对该地区的牧草种植管理具有一定指导意义。展开更多
文摘California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield and nutritive value under late-cutting schedule strategy may help identify cultivars that growers can use to maximize yield while maintaining area for sustainable alfalfa production, but there is little information on this strategy. A field study was conducted to determine cumulative dry matter (DM) and nutritive values of 20 semi- and non-fall dormant (FD) ratings (FD 7 and FD 8 - 10, respectively) cultivars under 35-day cut in California’s Central Valley in 2020-2022. Seasonal cumulative DM yields ranged from 6.8 in 2020 to 37.0 Mg·ha−1 in 2021. Four FD 8 - 9 cultivars were the highest yielding with 3-yrs avg. DM greater than the lowest yielding lines by 46%. FD 7 cultivar “715RR” produced the highest crude protein (CP: 240 g·Kg−1) while FD 8 cultivar “HVX840RR” resulted in the highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD: 484 g·Kg−1, 7% greater than the top yielding cultivars) but with DM yield intermediate. Yields and NDFD correlated positively but weakly indicating some semi- and non-FD cultivars performing similarly. These results suggest that selecting high yielding cultivars under 35-day cutting schedule strategy can be used as a tool to help growers to maximize yield while achieving good quality forages for sustainable alfalfa production in California’s Central Valley.
基金funded by the projects of the National Public Welfare Industry (Agriculture) R&D Program,China (201303061)the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-39)
文摘Alfalfa （Medicago sativa） is difficult to ensile successfully because of the low content of moisture and water-soluble carbohydrates （WSC） in fresh alfalfa and the high buffering capacity in fresh alfalfa. Here, we conducted a study to evaluate the effects of three lactic acid bacteria （LAB） inoculants （Lactobacillus case/, lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus） on silage quality, in sitE/ruminal degradability, and in vitro fermentation of alfalfa silage. The first cut of alfalfa was wilted, chopped, and randomly divided into four groups： the control （CON） and control mixed with three separate LAB inoculants （106 cfu g-1）. Simmental steers with a body weight of （452±18） kg and with installed rumen fistulas were prepared for in situ degradation and for in vitro gas production. LAB inoculants had a lower （P〈0.05） content of butyric acid than the CON group. Among them, the L. casei inoculated silage had a higher （P〈0.05） content of water-soluble carbohydrate （WSC） and a lower （P〈0.05） NH3-H content. The effective degradation （ED） of crude protein in LAB inoculation decreased （P〈0.05）, while the ED of acid detergent fiber increased （P〈0.05） in situ fermentation. The alfalfa silage with LAB inoculants produced more carbon dioxide （P〈0.05）. The NH3-H content of mixed incubation fluid in L. casei inoculated silage was lower （P〈0.05） compared with other groups. Therefore, this study showed that LAB inoculants could improve both ensiling quality and degradation. In particular, the L. casei inoculations exhibited better performance by limiting proteolysis during ensiling.
基金Supported by Postdoctoral Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Government"Key Technologies of Cold Resistance of Alfalfa"(LBH-Z12239)
文摘[Objective]The growth and production characteristics of different alfalfa varieties in Jiamusi were explored in the paper,in order to better study their cold resistance in northern regions. [Method]The yield traits in different growth periods were measured using randomized block design method. [Results] The plant height of Longmu 803 was the highest of 66. 80 cm on the seeding year; the numbers of plants and branches per unit length of Longmu 808 were the highest of 94 plants and 184 branches,respectively,and its yield was the highest. The overwintering rate of each variety in the region was 100%. The yield of first mowing successively were Longmu 808 】 Longmu 80 】 Xunlu alfalfa 】 Aohan alfalfa 】 Zhaodong alfalfa 】 Longmu 807; the yield and 1 000-grain weight of Longmu803 were the highest,which were 20. 24 and 0. 09 g higher than control Zhaodong alfalfa,respectively. [Conclusion]The test alfalfa varieties have higher cold resistance in Jiamusi. Longmu 803 and Longmu 808 have both high grass production performance and excellent production performance.
文摘China has abundant straw resources. However, the straw has high levels of crude fiber, low levels of crude protein and fat, poor palatability and low digestibility and a large volume. This study explored the feasibility of using wheat straw powder to replace some of alfalfa and the suitable replacement ratio for lactating dairy cows. In this trial, cows in the mid-lactation stage were fed with rations in which alfalfa hay was replaced isocalorically and isonitrogenously at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by wheat straw powder to explore the rumen metabolism and production performance of lactating dairy cows. Using a large randomized block design, 60 cows were selected and divided into 4 groups: the positive control group CG (0% replacement), and groups AL (20% replacement), AM (40% replacement), and AH (60% replacement). The pre-feeding period was 2 weeks and the trial period was 8 weeks. Milk yield, milk protein yield, milk protein percentage, lactose yield, lactose percentage, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage were not affected by the diets, and the differences among the groups were not significant (P > 0.05). The results show that replacing 20% alfalfa with wheat straw powder is most beneficial to production. When only the feed costs were considered, without considering other costs (such as labor, machinery, etc.) in the economic benefit calculation process, and assume that other costs are the same among the groups, and the economic benefits obtained by the AL group were the largest. The experimental results provide a basis for the further development of straw feed.
文摘The paper studies the effect of incubation of rhizobia with soybean seeds lectin on formation and functioning of alfalafa-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis under the optimal water supply and drought conditions. It was shown that the addition of lectin to the inoculation compositions intensifies physiological processes in alfalfa plants： increases nitrogen fixing activity of symbiosis, nodule number on roots, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid content in leaves, enhances plant growth during budding-fruiting period and reduces the negative effect of drought on alfalfa productivity.
文摘为验证农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator, APSIM)—苜蓿模型对山西晋中盆地地区的适应性,本研究基于晋中市太谷区6个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的田间观测数据和同期气象资料对模型进行校准,并设置不同水分处理与降水/气温梯度进行情景模拟,分析各品种的生产力及适应性。结果表明:APSIM模拟各茬紫花苜蓿干草产量的决定系数(Correlation coefficient,R2)为0.82~0.98,均方根误差(Root mean square error,RMSE)为440~633 kg·hm^(-2),均一化均方根误差(Normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)为10.57%~14.98%,D指数(Index of agreement)为0.90~0.96,拟合度较高;情景模拟中,不同水分处理和降水梯度对紫花苜蓿产草量的效应极显著(P<0.01),但气温梯度间紫花苜蓿产草量的差异不显著;各紫花苜蓿品种的产量损失率(Yield lose rate, YLR)在不同温度、降水梯度和水分处理间差异显著(P<0.01),且雨养处理下YLR最高。虽未能充分发挥潜在产量,但总体而言“WL”系列品种在山西晋中盆地地区具有更好的生产适应性;APSIM模型对研究区紫花苜蓿生产有较好的模拟能力,对该地区的牧草种植管理具有一定指导意义。
