Diurnal emission of herbivore-induced(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and allo-ocimene activates sweet potato defense responses to sweet potato weevils

The sweet potato weevil(Cylas formicarius(Fab.)(Coleoptera: Brentidae)) is a pest that feeds on sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.(Solanales: Convolvulaceae)), causing substantial economic losses annually. However, no safe and effective methods have been found to protect sweet potato from this pest. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)promote various defensive bioactivities, but their formation and the defense mechanisms in sweet potato have not been investigated. To identify the defensive HIPVs in sweet potato, the release dynamics of volatiles was monitored.The biosynthetic pathways and regulatory factors of the candidate HIPVs were revealed via stable isotope tracing and analyses at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Finally, the anti-insect activities and the defense mechanisms of the gaseous candidates were evaluated. The production of(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate(z3HAC) and allo-ocimene was induced by sweet potato weevil feeding, with a distinct circadian rhythm. Ipomoea batatas ocimene synthase(IbOS) is first reported here as a key gene in allo-ocimene synthesis. Insect-induced wounding promoted the production of the substrate,(Z)-3-hexenol, and upregulated the expression of IbOS, which resulted in higher contents of z3HAC and allo-ocimene,respectively. Gaseous z3HAC and allo-ocimene primed nearby plants to defend themselves against sweet potato weevils. These results provide important data regarding the formation, regulation, and signal transduction mechanisms of defensive volatiles in sweet potato, with potential implications for improving sweet potato weevil management strategies.

基于自监督学习PBS-Net和通道提纯的信息隐藏主动防御方法

信息隐藏主动防御技术作为信息隐藏的对立面,能够阻断非法隐蔽通信的传输。然而,现有的主动防御方法过度依赖载体-载密图像对,无法对未知载密图像主动防御,使其防御的误码率在实际社交网络中降低。针对上述问题,为了在通信双方毫无察觉的情况下彻底阻断秘密信息的传输,提出一种自监督学习盲点网络和通道提纯的主动防御方法。首先,通过像素混洗采样策略降低载密图像中像素之间的空间相关性,将学习方式从监督学习改进为自监督学习;其次,中心掩码卷积和空洞卷积残差块用于消除载密图像中的秘密信息;最后,设计通道提纯模块改善图像纹理细节。该方法无须任何信息隐藏方案的先验知识以及人工操作,使得在主机接收到可疑图像之前消除秘密信息,阻断社交网络中的隐蔽通信。实验结果表明,该方法具有高秘密信息破坏效果和高图像质量,能够达到100%的防御成功率,阻断社交网络中的隐蔽通信。同时,在不同负载率的数据集下,该方法与SC-Net和AO-Net进行对比,在秘密信息消除方面各提升14.14%和2.91%,在图像质量方面各提升9.14%和43.34%。

Research on the self-defence electronic jamming decision-making based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network

The manner and conditions of running the decision-making system with self-defense electronic jamming are given. After proposing the scenario of applying discrete dynamic Bayesian network to the decision making with self-defense electronic jamming, a decision-making model with self-defense electronic jamming based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian network is established. Then jamming decision inferences by the aid of the algorithm of discrete dynamic Bayesian network are carried on. The simulating result shows that this method is able to synthesize different targets which are not predominant. In this way, various features at the same time, as well as the same feature appearing at different time complement mutually; in addition, the accuracy and reliability of electronic jamming decision making are enhanced significantly.

Parameter Self - Learning of Generalized Predictive Control Using BP Neural Network

This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

Self - Crosslinking Behavior of Self - Emulsion Water - Based Polyure-thane Coating Agents

The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-

Culture Self- Consciousness in Transmission of Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of English Globalization -- Taking the Belt and Road Initiative for Example

The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.

自适应差分进化算法求解多平台多武器-目标分配问题

针对水面舰艇编队防空反导作战中的武器-目标分配问题,建立了编队防空火力分配模型,将自适应差分进化算法应用到模型的求解与仿真中,并根据参数优化,改善了问题求解的收敛特性。针对模型求解的特殊要求,采用适当的编码方案,使种群个体编码满足约束条件,利用混沌序列初始化种群,加强种群的搜索多样性,变异、交叉参数的动态自适应策略和混沌序列扰动避免算法陷入局部最优等方法对算法进行优化改进,较方便快捷地解决了多平台多类型武器-目标分配问题。实例证明,该方法能够获得满意的结果,与其他智能算法相比,在优化性能上有较大改进。

基于SD-IoT的DDoS攻击防御方法

为解决软件定义物联网中防御DDoS攻击的问题,提出一种攻击溯源与防御方法。该方法部署在软件定义物联网控制器中,当检测到网络中有DDoS攻击发生时,进行节点流量特征提取,利用提出的基于信任模型-自组织映射(trust model-self organizing map,T-SOM)算法的DDoS攻击溯源方法,根据提取到的节点流量特征对网络内节点进行聚类,通过控制器中的网络拓扑找出攻击节点的Mac地址。由防御模块进行端口封禁和packet_in报文过滤实现DDoS攻击防御。实验结果表明,该方法能够对DDoS攻击节点进行有效溯源,快速下发流表隔离攻击节点并过滤packet_in报文。

美国刑事立法中使用致命武力正当防卫自身研究--基于50个州的考察与发现

使用致命武力防卫自身在美国正当防卫体系中地位特殊且重要,美国大多数州均予以单独、特别地规定。使用致命武力正当防卫自身的成立条件包括存在特定非法武力、防卫的紧迫性、对防卫必要的(合理)相信以及躲避义务(部分州规定)。美国刑事立法中的使用致命武力正当防卫自身,规定明确,贯穿“合理性”原则,主观要件居主导地位,诸种特征造就了其鲜明的独特性。

Omethoate-Induced Changes of (+)-δ-Cadinene Synthase Activity and Gossypol Content in Cotton Seedlings

The gene expression and activity of （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase during cotton development and in response to stress, as well as the spatial and temporal pattern of sesquiterpene biosynthesis, constitute one of chemical defense mechanisms in cotton plants. In order to explore the effects of omethoate on the cotton defense in relation to （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase and gossypol, effects of omethoate treatments on activity of （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase and gossypol content in cotton seedlings were investigated. Cotton seedlings treated with 400 mg L-1 omethoate exhibited a significant decrease in the specific activity of （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase from 12 to 120 h after treating when compared to the untreated control; significantly lower （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase activity was also observed in cotton seedlings treated with 200 mg L-1 omethoate from 72 to 120 h after treating; but for cotton seedlings treated with 100 mg L-1 omethoate, from 12 to 120 h after treating, no significant changes were observed for activity of （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase. The gossypol content in cotton seedlings treated with 100, 200 or 400 mg L-1 omethoate for different time periods showed no significant changes compared to that of the control. These results indicated that the activity of （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase in cotton seedlings in responses to exposure of omethoate at three concentrations for different time periods followed dose- and time-dependent responses to omethoate exposure. With omethoate as a chemical stress factor for cotton seedlings, the cotton defense in relation to the activity of （＋）-δ-cadinene synthase in cotton seedlings may be affected by omethoate application.

战争与防卫--能否援引个人防卫权为国家战争权进行辩护

战争是一项高强度的暴力活动,会引发大规模的人员伤亡,这增加了为发动战争进行辩护的难度。在当代西方的战争伦理学中,有论者试图援引个人进行自我防卫的权利,来为国家战争权进行辩护。这一辩护策略试图作出两个论证:一是把国家的防御性战争行为还原为个人进行正当自我防卫的行为,二是论证设置国家战争权有助于总体上增进个人安全。但反对者认为,对于国家的侵犯(如对国家非核心领土的侵犯)并不总能构成对个体安全的侵犯,因而个体的自我防卫权无法为一国所有的交战行为提供辩护。这可以反驳第二个论证,从结果上看,对国家领土的侵犯并不总是构成对个人安全的侵犯。但对于第一个论证,这一反驳并不成立,因为侵犯行径中所隐含的有条件威胁已然触发了挑衅例外原则,因此构成了对个人安全的潜在侵害。

日本“新安保三文件”下的强军计划论析

随着岸田政府在2022年12月出台“新安保三文件”,日本的军力建设迎来重大转变。日本打破了国防预算“GDP 1%”原则以及“专守防卫”原则,试图大幅提升国防预算并全面强化军力,以期成为“能战”的军事强国。“新安保三文件”的出台动因有多方面,包括日本对周边国家“威胁认知”的偏差,日本配合美国的军事战略、加强日美安全合作的需要,以及日本国内更加重视国家安全问题。在发展前景上,日本强军计划并非完全乐观,其国防预算增长计划有可能无法得到全面落实、“和平主义”思潮以及“募兵难”问题也会对日本的“军事大国化”起到一定程度的制约作用。

中国古代海防型城市营造初探--以泉州峰尾城为例

海防型城市是中国古代城市的重要组成部分,蕴藏了结合海洋环境、防御、地方观念、生活方式等因素进行规划设计的卓越智慧。该文以峰尾城为例,以获取海防型城市营造理论的深度认知。通过挖掘地方史料、实地调查和空间分析,探讨了选点、定址、求中、立轴、布局平面、组织宫庙空间等6个方面的营造方法。发现峰尾城体现了延续传统、防居合一的营造理念。以期充实中国古代海防型城市规划理论,为峰尾城及同类城市的保护规划实践提供一定的启发。

一种半监督学习潜艇规避防御智能决策方法

潜艇水下作战行动中,受到水下弱可观测环境影响,获取的目标信息呈现稀疏特性。机动规避是潜艇水下防御的重要战术方法,现有机动规避参数仿真与优化方法在建模时不可避免引入观测误差,缺乏对态势演变的应对手段,且由于军事专家的稀缺性,获取军事专家标签的战术对抗样本代价十分昂贵。针对上述困难提出一种基于自编码与主动Q学习策略结合的半监督学习智能决策方法。通过引入对比预测编码自编码器,最大化时序输入与上下文间互信息熵,提高对稀疏时序输入的表征能力。将表征输入与主动强化学习任务相结合,降低智能体的标签需求率,提高规避决策时对环境反馈的能力。基于3 a采集的指挥员战法研练复盘数据构建上帝视角、红方视角数据集。实验结果表明:所提算法与不采用稀疏时序自编码器的算法消融实验,在完全信息、红方视角条件下决策精度分别达到98%、78%,而标签需求率仅为4%、44%;相比于经典的时序分类算法决策精度提高了14%、9%,与有监督算法相比在标签需求率降低为原来的24%~44%条件下,决策精度误差与有监督算法仅差1%,说明所提算法在保证决策精度的同时可大幅降低标签需求量,从而为少量样本条件下的军事智能决策提供一种通用的技术框架。

基于相对拟牛顿法的自卫式欺骗干扰抑制算法

自卫式欺骗干扰与目标信号高度相似,且二者的到达角完全相同,传统的主瓣干扰抑制算法难以对其进行抑制。针对该问题,文中在极化单输入多输出(PSIMO)雷达系统下,提出一种基于相对拟牛顿法的盲源分离算法。该算法利用干扰和目标的极化特性差异,通过构建重叠子阵结构计算出联合自相关矩阵,并采用相对拟牛顿法估计出分离矩阵,从而将目标和干扰信号分离在不同的通道上,实现干扰抑制作用。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够有效抑制自卫式欺骗干扰,且在低信噪比(SNR)和密集干扰场景下依然具有良好的干扰抑制性能,当输入SNR为-10 dB时,输出的目标检测概率仍可以达到51.6%,拥有较强的鲁棒性。

国家对非国家行为体行使自卫权的国际法律问题研究

随着全球化和国际事务的不断演变,非国家行为体在国际关系中的角色愈发凸显。本文探讨国家是否有权对非国家行为体行使自卫权的问题,认为国际法并未明确排除面对武力攻击时国家对非国家行为体行使自卫权的可能,同时指出尽管“不愿或不能”测试在维护受害国国家安全和非国家行为体所在领土国主权之间保持了微妙平衡,但这个学说缺乏学理支撑且国际上未形成法律确信,自卫权行使仍需遵循“必要性”和“相称性”原则。因此,在面临来自非国家行为体的武力攻击时,国家有权采取包括自卫权在内的必要行动来维护国家安全,但各国必须深化在国际和地区事务中的沟通协作,捍卫以国际法为基础的国际秩序,确保自卫权的行使符合国际社会的共同利益和国际和平与安全的目标。

基于无人机集群的综合一体化告警自卫系统设计

现代战争中,无人机已经成为各大军事强国的重要武器装备之一,可被应用于侦察、目标探测、情报搜集、攻击等多种作战任务中,无人机集群作为无人机发展的新方向,具有作用范围大、灵活性强、战术使用多样化等优点,能够更好地完成在复杂战场环境下的各种任务,大大提高了作战效能。传统的机载告警自卫系统功能较为单一,且智能化程度不够高,极大地限制了载机的作战能力和任务执行能力,并不能满足无人机集群的应用设想。文中基于当前无人机集群的应用方式和环境,提出一种多功能综合一体化的告警自卫系统设计架构,在满足传统告警功能的基础上额外增加了智能化和侦察对抗一体化的功能,并在硬件模块上做了一定的优化调整,基本上可以满足无人机集群的应用规划和设想。

多模式融合的武器目标分配系统模型设计

目标分配是指挥控制流程中的核心环节,分配模式的优化对于提升防空反导作战能力具有重要意义。为提高防空反导目标分配的鲁棒性、适用性以及博弈对抗性等作战性能,以应对当前复杂多变的战场环境,本文提出建立多模式融合的目标分配体系结构,对商用订单式的服务模式进行适应性改进,将“派单”“抢单”“抢派单融合”三种模型改进定义为军事模型;通过使用美国国防部体系结构框架(Department of Defense Architecture Framework,DoDAF)建立“他分配”“自分配”“他分配与自分配结合”的新型目标分配体系结构;引入Perti网模型,构建并分析Petri网模型的可达图,通过仿真实验平台,构建复杂作战场景,验证了分配策略机制的可行性。结果表明三种策略各具优势,本文设计的多策略结合在匹配时间、成功率以及效用值方面相较传统的单一策略具有较大优势。

论正当防卫的辅助性:理论基础与规则适用

正当防卫的辅助性所探讨的问题是,警察在场时,公民能否实施正当防卫。关于此,文献中基于罪刑法定原则、二元论法理基础、防卫权和警察权之分野等完全否定正当防卫辅助性之见解是难以成立的。此问题的关键在于明确正当防卫这一私人暴力和警察的危险防御这一国家暴力之间的关系。根据国家暴力垄断原则,正当防卫作为私人暴力,旨在填补国家保护的不足。由此,相较于警察的危险防御,私人的正当防卫处于辅助地位,两者间存在严格的顺位关系。正当防卫辅助性的适用规则为:当警察身处现场即“狭义在场”时,若其能有效地制止不法侵害,公民无正当防卫权;当警察虽不在现场但可及时赶到即“广义在场”时,公民无通知、等待警察到来的义务,可径直实施正当防卫权。

正当防卫证明责任承担之实践、机理与中国模式

证明责任的本质功能在于案件事实真伪不明时为法官裁判提供制度装置,重要功能在于促使控辩双方积极举证以推进诉讼程序。我国正当防卫条款之所以久唤不醒,正当防卫认定之所以举步维艰,除正当防卫实体要件的厘定外,关键在于正当防卫证明责任承担之厘清。然而,司法实务中正当防卫的证明责任承担存在着随意和混乱的顽疾。分析两大法系主要国家正当防卫证明责任承担的历史流变及影响因素,可为厘清我国正当防卫之证明责任承担提供借镜。不过,正当防卫证明责任作为实体法与程序法的交汇场域,需立基于我国的犯罪构成理论、诉讼模式及控辩力量,确立被告人就正当防卫承担修正的提供证据责任。