交互式数字叙事:加拿大Writing New Body Worlds阅读治疗新探索

文章基于相关研究文献与语料,对加拿大WNB阅读治疗实践进行梳理与归纳。WNB首次使用交互式数字叙事技术,构建面向公众的阅读治疗平台,以其交互式特征,融合了阅读和治疗引导两个过程,提供可访问的非临床方式,可面向大规模人群实现预防性健康干预。基于数据与计算的精准化阅读治疗是数字人文视角下的新变革,更具推广应用价值;以在线阅读平台建设为依托,推进实施平台化的阅读和治疗应成为未来发展方向之一;基于阅读形态与体验因技术赋能而改变的现状,图书馆应发挥引领作用,积极收集、创建或协助创建数字故事,推进阅读推广、服务与治疗的融合性发展,成为社区建设促进者、历史欣赏者和社区参与倡导者,也使阅读借助交互式数字叙事这一新载体,更好地发挥变革的力量,促进健康与幸福。

基于3D Body软件的混合模式在放射肿瘤学教学中的应用

目的分析基于3D Body软件的线上线下混合式模式应用于放射肿瘤学教学中的效果。方法选取两个阶段参与放射肿瘤学教学的实习生,其中2022年1月—12月的32名实习生(对照组)采用传统带教模式;2023年1月—12月的32名实习生(观察组)采用基于3D Body软件的线上线下混合式教学模式,评估两组放射肿瘤学教学效果。结果观察组理论考核、实践操作考核、平时成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组专业技术(包括靶区勾画、制定计划、计划评估,计划验证)能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组评判性思维能力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组实习生的自我能力评价分值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组实习生对教学模式满意度评价分值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论放射肿瘤学教学实践中,相比传统带教模式,基于3D Body软件的线上线下混合式教学模式具有明显改善教学效果、提高实习生专业技术能力与评价满意度的作用。

3D body解剖软件联合PACS系统在骨科临床实践教学中的应用

目的探讨3D body解剖软件结合医学影像存档与通信系统(PACS)在骨科临床实践教学中的应用效果。方法选择2023年1月至2023年12月在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院骨科轮转的60名实习生,按照随机数字表法分成实验组和对照组,每组30名。对照组采用传统线上结合线下的混合式教学方法,实验组采用3D body解剖软件联合PACS系统带教模式。在实习期结束时,对两组实习生进行闭卷理论考试与临床实践操作考核,并采用问卷调查方式评估实习生对课程的满意度。结果实验组实习生的理论考试与临床实践操作成绩均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=6.59、4.22,P均<0.05)。实验组实习生在学习兴趣、教学难度、专业能力以及医患沟通能力提升方面的满意度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别=9.93、3.77、6.94、8.52,P均<0.05)。结论3D body解剖软件联合PACS系统带教模式运用到骨科实习生的临床教学中,能帮助实习生提高学习兴趣以及医患沟通能力,加强对骨科知识的掌握,降低知识的理解难度,对于提升临床医学教学质量具有重要意义。

Soft,body conformable electronics for thermoregulation enabled by kirigami

The application of thermoelectric devices(TEDs)for personalized thermoregulation is attractive for saving energy while balancing the quality of life.TEDs that directly attach to human skin remarkably minimized the energy wasted for cooling the entire environment.However,facing the extreme dynamic geometry change and strain of human skin,conventional TEDs cannot align with the contour of our bodies for the best thermoregulation effect.Hence,we designed a kirigami-based wearable TED with excellent water vapor permeability,flexibility,and conformability.Numerical analysis and experimental results reveal that our product can withstand various types of large mechanical deformation without circuit rupture.The stated outcome and proposed facile approach not only reinforce the development of wearable TEDs but also offer an innovative opportunity for different electronics that require high conformability.

Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults

Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Background:Stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)in pancreatic cancer allows high delivery of radiation doses on tumors without affecting surrounding tissue.This review aimed at the SBRT application in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Data sources:We retrieved articles published in MEDLINE/PubMed from January 2017 to December 2022.Keywords used in the search included:“pancreatic adenocarcinoma”OR“pancreatic cancer”AND“stereotactic ablative radiotherapy(SABR)”OR“stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)”OR“chemoradiotherapy(CRT)”.English language articles with information on technical characteristics,doses and fractionation,indications,recurrence patterns,local control and toxicities of SBRT in pancreatic tumors were included.All articles were assessed for validity and relevant content.Results:Optimal doses and fractionation have not yet been defined.However,SBRT could be the standard treatment in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in addition to CRT.Furthermore,the combination of SBRT with chemotherapy may have additive or synergic effect on pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Conclusions:SBRT is an effective modality for patients with pancreatic cancer,supported by clinical practice guidelines as it has demonstrated good tolerance and good disease control.SBRT opens a possibility of improving outcomes for these patients,both in neoadjuvant treatment and with radical intent.

Body composition and metabolic syndrome in patients with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND In recent years,the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes(T1DM)patients has gradually increased.Insulin resistance in T1DM deserves attention.It is necessary to clarify the relationship between body composition,metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in T1DM to guide clinical treatment and intervention.AIM To assess body composition(BC)in T1DM patients and evaluate the relationship between BC,metabolic syndrome(MS),and insulin resistance in these indi-viduals.METHODS A total of 101 subjects with T1DM,aged 10 years or older,and with a disease duration of over 1 year were included.Bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Tsinghua-Tongfang BC Analyzer BCA-1B was employed to measure various BC parameters.Clinical and laboratory data were collected,and insulin resistance was calculated using the estimated glucose disposal rate(eGDR).RESULTS MS was diagnosed in 16/101 patients(15.84%),overweight in 16/101 patients(15.84%),obesity in 4/101(3.96%),hypertension in 34/101(33.66%%)and dyslip-idemia in 16/101 patients(15.84%).Visceral fat index(VFI)and trunk fat mass were significantly and negatively correlated with eGDR(both P<0.001).Female patients exhibited higher body fat percentage and visceral fat ratio compared to male patients.Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that significant factors for MS included eGDR[P=0.017,odds ratio(OR)=0.109],VFI(P=0.030,OR=3.529),and a family history of diabetes(P=0.004,OR=0.228).Significant factors for hypertension included eGDR(P<0.001,OR=0.488)and skeletal muscle mass(P=0.003,OR=1.111).Significant factors for dyslipidemia included trunk fat mass(P=0.033,OR=1.202)and eGDR(P=0.037,OR=0.708).CONCLUSION Visceral fat was found to be a superior predictor of MS compared to conventional measures such as body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Chinese individuals with T1DM.BC analysis,specifically identifying visceral fat(trunk fat),may play an important role in identifying the increased risk of MS in non-obese patients with T1DM.

Curved Spine:The Shape of Spine in Taoist Body Diagrams and Its Influence on Medical Body Diagrams

From the early Taoist diagrams of the human body to the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Taoists exaggerated and deformed the human spine in a shape-shifting manner.It is likely that medical practitioners were influenced by this style of representation,and there are also numerous diagrams of the human body with the curved spine in the lateral-view diagrams of viscera and Ming Tang Tu(明堂图Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart),which constantly show the human torso in an elliptical“egg shape”.No later than the Ming dynasty,medical practitioners began to depict the actual physiological spinal curve of the human body.By the Qing dynasty,the depiction of the spinal curve in medical diagrams of the human figure showed a tendency to part ways with the Taoist freehand style of the previous generation.Although the representation of the curve of the spine was very crude,later medical images of the human body at least gradually straightened the spine and no longer depicted it in a shape-shifting manner.However,the curved spine in Taoist diagrams of the human body continued to exist,and the presentation of the curved spine never changed.This way of depicting its appearance,which is very different from reality,is shaped by Taoism's special way of perceiving and viewing the body,and may also contain another form of truth.

α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain:so many seeds so close to the central soil

α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals.Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease.Aggregated and highly phospho rylated a-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain,the pathological hallmark of Parkinson s disease.For decades,much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson s disease as a systemic disease.Recent evidence demonstrates that,at least in some patients,the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain.Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tra ct trigge rs the gutto-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology.However,whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation.In this review,we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.

3D Body解剖软件结合CBL教学法在骨科实习生临床带教中的应用

目的:探讨3D body解剖软件结合CBL教学法在骨科实习生临床带教中的应用效果。方法:随机选取2022年1月~2023年12月在我科室实习的36名骨科实习生为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用CBL教学模式,观察组在对照组的教学模式上运用3D body解剖软件。教学结束后,比较两组学生的理论知识考试成绩,PPT汇报成绩以及教学满意度。结果:观察组学生理论知识考核成绩、PPT汇报成绩、教学满意度明显高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P < 0.05)。结论:3D body解剖软件结合CBL教学法应用于骨科实习生临床带教,可以有效提高学生成绩,调动学生积极性及自主学习能力,提升教学满意度。

0.05 T MRI for whole body

Recently,a study on a 0.05 T,low-cost,low-power,and computing-driven shielding-free ultra-low-field(ULF)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scannerwas published.This work enhances the image quality of MRI and reduces the scanning time based on deep learning methods,which is of great significance to enhancing the popularization and availability of MRI[1](https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adm7168).

Longitudinal changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers in the first year after delivery and its relationship with human milk composition:a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional cohort study

Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.

The Impact of Social Media on Dietary Behaviors and Body Image of College Students: A Qualitative Approach

Background: The use of social media platforms for health and nutrition information has become popular among college students. Although social media made information readily accessible in different formats, nutritional misinformation promoted by influencers and non-experts caused negative impact on diet behavior and perception of body image. Previous research indicated that extensive use of social media was positively linked to disordered eating behaviors. Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram that allow users to follow celebrities intensified exposure to influencers’ messages and images and resulted in negative moods and body dissatisfaction. Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of social media on college students’ dietary behaviors and body image. Participants: 18 undergraduate students from a public university in the Southern United States were recruited through a mass email. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study of three focus groups was conducted. The focus groups were based on guiding open-ended questions. Atlas.ti was used to code and analyze the data using inductive and deductive codes. Results: Three main themes were identified. The conditions theme included elements that explain why and how social media influences the participants’ actions. The actions theme included eating behavior, physical activity, and dietary supplement intake. The consequences theme describes anticipated or actual outcomes of actions such as body image and ideal weight. Conclusions: Social media has had a negative influence on diet behaviors and a positive influence on physical activity. Evidence-based nutrition and weight management information is needed to thwart potential misinformation.

Growth Performance of Crocodile Fed with Chicken Intestine and Trash Fish at Smallholder Farm in Siem Reap Province,Cambodia

The experiment was conducted at the smallholder crocodile farm at Pouk district,Siem reap province,and lasted 12 months,commenced from January 1st to December 31st,2023.The CRBD(Completely Randomized Block Design),was used in 3 treatments,such as T1(fed chicken intestine only),T2(fed chicken intestine+trash fish)and T3(fed trash fish only),with 4 replications in each treatment.The block was set by gender of crocodile,male and female.The 36 of local breed crocodiles 4 months old were allocated into each replication randomly.The result found that the length of crocodile gradually increased in the first semester,then it greatly increased from or for second semester for all treatments.In addition,the final body length of crocodile was significant different among treatments(p<0.001),the treatment of T2(fed chicken intestine+trash fish)had the longest one.Body length was also affected by gender,and male crocodile had longer body length(p<0.001).However,there were no significant differences for the interaction between types of feed with gender(p>0.05)(Table 1).The body weight of crocodile had gradually increased in the first semester,then it greatly increased from or for second semester for all treatments,while the final body weight of crocodile was also significant different among treatments(p<0.001)and the gender of crocodile(p<0.001).The average ADG(Daily Weight Gain)was significant different among treatments(p<0.001).Treatment of T2(fed chicken intestine+trash fish)had highest ADG,11.05 g,followed by T3(fed trash fish only),while the T1 had the lowest one.The gender of crocodile affected the ADG of crocodile,and male crocodile had higher ADG than female crocodile(p<0.001).However,there were no significant differences for the interaction between type of feed with gender(p>0.05).Feed intake was calculated based on amount of feed offer and measured in fresh basis.The amount of intake feed in all treatments was the same.FCR(Feed Conversion Ratio)was significant different among treatments(p<0.001)and also gender of crocodile(p<0.001).However,there were no significant differences for the interaction between types of feed with gender(p>0.05).In conclusion,the uses of trash fish and chicken intestine are an alternative feed source for crocodile to result in higher growth performance of crocodile.

Loose Body in the Knee Joint: A Case Report

Background: Loose bodies (LBs) within the knee joint are commonly encountered during clinical practice and are frequently observed during knee arthroscopy. The primary treatment involves the removal of loose bodies;however, their complete eradication is often challenging and may not address underlying diseases, leading to persistent symptoms and the risk of new loose body formation. Aim: This case report aims to present the findings and surgical management of a 52-year-old male with an unusually large osseous loose body in the knee joint and associated pathologies. Case Presentation: The patient, a 52-year-old male, experienced recurrent episodes of severe, sudden, and painful locking of the knee joint, leading to difficulties moving. A plain MRI study was conducted to evaluate the condition of the knee joint, which revealed various degenerative changes and the presence of a loose body. Subsequently, an arthroscopic examination was performed under general anesthesia, uncovering the presence of an abnormally large loose body, as well as other pathologies including chondropathy, meniscal degeneration, and Baker’s cyst. Conclusion: Loose bodies (LBs) in the knee joint pose significant challenges and may lead to debilitating symptoms. Timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention are crucial for symptom relief and the prevention of further joint damage as arthroscopic excision. Comprehensive imaging has a vital role in guiding treatment decisions and optimizing patient outcomes. In this case, the removal of the loose body improved patient outcomes and helped prevent potential joint complications.

Energy Harvesting in the Wake of An Inverted C-Shaped Bluff Body

This paper proposes a novel wake-induced vibration(WIV)-based energy harvesting system consisting of two bluff bodies.An inverted C-shaped bluff body is stationary installed at the upstream position to generate an interference wake street,and a cylinder bluff body equipped with a transducer is elastically suspended at the downstream position to harness WIV energy.The hydrodynamics and energy harvesting(EH)performance of the proposed system are investigated via experimental studies.The reduced velocity(U*)ranging from 2 to 14(the corresponding Reynolds number ranging from 15100 to 106200)is considered in the present study.It is found that the wake generated by the inverted C-shaped bluff body significantly affects the EH performance.Enlarging the opening angle(α)of the C-shaped bluff body increases the vibration amplitude of the downstream cylinder,thereby increasing the harvested power.When the spacing(L)between two bluff bodies is two times the cylinder diameter(D),the wake-induced vibration(WIV)mode is observed,while the combined WIV and wake galloping(WG)mode occurs whenαis 150°,and L equals 3D or 4D.The average drag coefficient becomes negative when L is 2D,3D,or 4D.By carefully configuring a C-shaped bluff body,the wake generated by it can bring an augmenting effect on the vibration of the downstream EH cylinder.For example,the RMS power output of the proposed EH system reaches a maximum of 0.31 W at U*=8 and L=4D,which is 300%greater than that of its traditional counterpart.Furthermore,after a number of case stud-ies,it is identified that the proposed EH system can achieve the best performance whenαis 150°and L=2D.

Body Composition in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State

Introduction: Previous studies in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have demonstrated low muscle mass (MM) and high fat mass (FM) percentages compared to individuals with normal hemoglobin. The relationship between the evolutions of body composition (BC) parameters in the active SCD population is not well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to assess the body composition in active adult SCD patients in sub-Saharan Africa during the inter-critical period. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study over an 8-month period. Eighteen SCD patients (sex ratio = 1) reported regular physical activity (RPA) corresponding to level 3 (RPA of moderate intensity) of the 4-level Saltin-Grimby physical activity scale were recruited. Anthropometric and BC parameters such as BMI, percentage FM and percentage MM were evaluated using an impedance meter. Results: The study population had a mean age of 26 ± 7 years and a mean BMI of 20.5 ± 1.9 kg/m2. We found a significantly higher percentage of FM in women compared to the men (25.6% ± 10.2% vs 11.1% ± 2.1%;p = 0.001). For the proportion of MM, all the women had a normal percentage. The men mostly had high levels of MM compared with reference norms. Men had significantly greater MM percentages than women (45.4% ± 1.8% vs. 26.5% ± 1.4%;p Conclusion: RPA appears to have positive effects on BC in active population with SCD, and a greater-than-expected effect was observed on MM in male patients. Promoting regular, adapted physical activity would be a promising way of improving BC parameters and quality of life in the SCD population. Further studies with larger cohorts will be needed to better substantiate these results.

Ecological Remediation Technology of Urban Landscape Water Body

Urban landscape water body is not only an important part of urban landscape construction,but also an important way to maintain landscape diversity and biodiversity,carrying the beautiful yearning of urban residents for natural life.A good state of urban landscape water body is crucial to the ecological environment of the city.However,due to the poor kinetic energy of urban landscape water body and the influence of various human factors,the quality of urban landscape water body often declines,and urban population is threatened by water security problems.Through the study of several water body ecological remediation technologies,relevant suggestions are put forward,in order to provide a reference for water pollution restoration and treatment in urban human settlement environment.

Influence of ear tags on the results of body composition analysis in mice

Background:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of marking meth-ods on the outcomes of body composition analysis and provide guidance for the se-lection of marking methods in mouse body composition analysis.Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned for pre-and post-ear tagging measurements.The body composition of the mice was measured using a small animal body composition analyzer,which provided measurements of the mass of fat,lean,and free fluid.Then,the mass of fat,lean and free fluid to body weight ratio was gained.Further data analysis was conducted to obtain the range and coeffi-cient of variation in body composition measurements for each mouse.The distribution of fat and lean tissue in the mice was also analyzed by comparing the fat-to-lean ratio.Results:(1)The mass of all body composition components in the ear tagging group was significantly lower than that in the control group.(2)There was a significant in-crease in the range and coefficient of variation of body composition measurements between the ear tagging group and the control group.(3)The fat-to-lean ratio in the ear tagging group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusions:Ear tagging significantly lowered the results of body composition analy-sis in mice and higher the results of measurement error.Therefore,ear tagging should be avoided as much as possible when conducting body composition analysis experi-ments in mice.

Parametric Optimization of Wheel Spoke Structure for Drag Reduction of an Ahmed Body

The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total drag on modern vehicles.In this study,the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performance of the isolated wheel is investigated.Subsequently,the 35°Ahmed body with an optimized spoke structure is used to analyze the flow behavior and the mechanism of drag reduction.The Fluent software is employed for this investigation,with an inlet velocity of 40 m/s.The accuracy of the numerical study is validated by comparing it with experimental results obtained from the classical Ahmed model.To gain a clearer understanding of the effects of the wheel spoke parameters on the aerodynamics of both the wheel and Ahmedmodel,and five design variables are proposed:the fillet angleα,the inside arc radius R1,the outside radius R2,and the same length of the chord L1 and L2.These variables characterize the wheel spoke structure.The Optimal Latin Hypercube designmethod is utilized to conduct the experimental design.Based on the simulation results of various wheel spoke designs,the Kriging model and the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm is selected to optimize the design parameters.The objective is to achieve the best combination for maximum drag reduction.It is indicated that the optimized spoke structure resulted in amaximum drag reduction of 5.7%and 4.7%for the drag coefficient of the isolated wheel and Ahmed body,respectively.The drag reduction is primarily attributed to changes in the flow state around the wheel,which suppressed separation bubbles.Additionally,it influenced the boundary layer thickness around the car body and reduced the turbulent kinetic energy in the wake flow.These effects collectively contributed to the observed drag reduction.