Neurophysiological, histological, and behavioral characterization of animal models of distraction spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Distraction spinal cord injury is caused by some degree of distraction or longitudinal tension on the spinal cord and commonly occurs in patients who undergo corrective operation for severe spinal deformity.With the increased degree and duration of distraction,spinal cord injuries become more serious in terms of their neurophysiology,histology,and behavior.Very few studies have been published on the specific characteristics of distraction spinal cord injury.In this study,we systematically review 22 related studies involving animal models of distraction spinal cord injury,focusing particularly on the neurophysiological,histological,and behavioral characteristics of this disease.In addition,we summarize the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary injuries caused by distraction spinal cord injury and clarify the effects of different degrees and durations of distraction on the primary injuries associated with spinal cord injury.We provide new concepts for the establishment of a model of distraction spinal cord injury and related basic research,and provide reference guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

Advances in spinal cord injury:insights from non-human primates

Spinal cord injury results in significant sensorimotor deficits,currently,there is no curative treatment for the symptoms induced by spinal cord injury.Basic and pre-clinical research on spinal cord injury relies on the development and characterization of appropriate animal models.These models should replicate the symptoms observed in human,allowing for the exploration of functional deficits and investigation into various aspects of physiopathology of spinal cord injury.Non-human primates,due to their close phylogenetic association with humans,share more neuroanatomical,genetic,and physiological similarities with humans than rodents.Therefore,the responses to spinal cord injury in nonhuman primates most likely resemble the responses to traumatism in humans.In this review,we will discuss nonhuman primate models of spinal cord injury,focusing on in vivo assessments,including behavioral tests,magnetic resonance imaging,and electrical activity recordings,as well as ex vivo histological analyses.Additionally,we will present therapeutic strategies developed in non-human primates and discuss the unique specificities of non-human primate models of spinal cord injury.

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Acute histopathological responses and long-term behavioral outcomes in mice with graded controlled cortical impact injury

While animal models of controlled cortical impact often display short-term motor dysfunction after injury, histological examinations do not show severe cortical damage. Thus, this model requires further improvement. Mice were subjected to injury at three severities using a Pin-Point^(TM)-controlled cortical impact device to establish secondary brain injury mouse models. Twenty-four hours after injury, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were performed for brain slices. Compared to the uninjured side, we observed differences of histopathological findings, neuronal degeneration, and glial cell number in the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus on the injured side. The Morris water maze task and beam-walking test verified long-term(14–28 days) spatial learning/memory and motor balance. To conclude, the histopathological responses were positively correlated with the degree of damage,as were the long-term behavioral manifestations after controlled cortical impact. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

Automated monitoring of early neurobehavioral changes in mice following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury often causes a variety of behavioral and emotional impairments that can develop into chronic disorders. Therefore, there is a need to shift towards identifying early symptoms that can aid in the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes and behavioral endpoints in patients with traumatic brain injury after early interventions. In this study, we used the Smart Cage system, an automated quantitative approach to assess behavior alterations in mice during an early phase of traumatic brain injury in their home cages. Female C57BL/6 adult mice were subjected to moderate controlled cortical impact（CCI） injury. The mice then received a battery of behavioral assessments including neurological score, locomotor activity, sleep/wake states, and anxiety-like behaviors on days 1, 2, and 7 after CCI. Histological analysis was performed on day 7 after the last assessment. Spontaneous activities on days 1 and 2 after injury were significantly decreased in the CCI group. The average percentage of sleep time spent in both dark and light cycles were significantly higher in the CCI group than in the sham group. For anxiety-like behaviors, the time spent in a light compartment and the number of transitions between the dark/light compartments were all significantly reduced in the CCI group than in the sham group. In addition, the mice suffering from CCI exhibited a preference of staying in the dark compartment of a dark/light cage. The CCI mice showed reduced neurological score and histological abnormalities, which are well correlated to the automated behavioral assessments. Our findings demonstrate that the automated Smart Cage system provides sensitive and objective measures for early behavior changes in mice following traumatic brain injury.

Correlation between photoreceptor injury-regeneration and behavior in a zebrafish model

Direct exposure to intensive visible light can lead to solar retinopathy, including macular injury. The signs and symptoms include central scotoma, metamorphopsia, and decreased vision. However, there have been few studies examining retinal injury due to intensive light stimulation at the cellular level. Neural network arrangements and gene expression patterns in zebrafish photoreceptors are similar to those observed in humans, and photoreceptor injury in zebrafish can induce stem cell-based cellular regeneration. Therefore, the zebrafish retina is considered a useful model for studying photoreceptor injury in humans. In the current study, the central retinal photoreceptors of zebrafish were selectively ablated by stimulation with high-intensity light. Retinal injury, cell proliferation and regeneration of cones and rods were assessed at 1, 3 and 7 days post lesion with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Additionally, a light/dark box test was used to assess zebrafish behavior. The results revealed that photoreceptors were regenerated by 7 days after the light-induced injury. However, the regenerated cells showed a disrupted arrangement at the lesion site. During the injury-regeneration process, the zebrafish exhibited reduced locomotor capacity, weakened phototaxis and increased movement angular velocity. These behaviors matched the morphological changes of retinal injury and regeneration in a number of ways. This study demonstrates that the zebrafish retina has a robust capacity for regeneration. Visual impairment and stress responses following high-intensity light stimulation appear to contribute to the alteration of behaviors.

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide ameliorates radiation-induced brain injury by regulating gut microbiota

Objective: To determine the extent to which Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP) improves60Co γ-ray radiation-induced brain injury(RIBI) by regulating the gut microbiota.Methods: The RIBI model of mice was established with the appropriate dose of60Co γ-ray to identify the changes in the body weight, behaviors, gut microbiota, and inflammatory reactions of mice. Mice were randomly divided into healthy, RIBI model, and LBP groups. The related inflammatory cytokines were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. Then, 16S rRNA sequencings of feces were carried out to evaluate the differences in intestinal flora.Results: Compared with the spontaneous activity and exploratory spirit of the healthy group, those traits in the RIBI model mice in the open field significantly decreased, the freezing time in the elevated plus maze(EPM) significantly increased, and the number of times the mice discriminated the novel object was significantly lower. Hematoxylin-eosin slides showed that the main histopathological changes of RIBI occurred in the hippocampus. In addition, the diversity and relative abundances ratio of the gut bacterial phylum, order, family, and genus in the model group varied widely. Changes in Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most obvious after head radiation exposure. In comparison, LBP could accelerate the recovery of weight loss in RIBI mice. The frequency that mice entered the center of the open field, facing the open arm in the EPM, and the number of times they discriminated the novel object were significantly increased with LBP administration. LBP could also reduce the levels of inflammatory factor caused by RIBI. LBP increased the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in RIBI model mice. In addition, LBP increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but decreased the levels of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria for irradiated mice.Conclusion: LBP can improve depression and tension by regulating the composition of gut microbiota,including lowering the relative abundance of Clostridia and Burkholderiales and raising that of Lactobacillales. Thus, LBP provides a new strategy for improving the protective effects of RIBI.

Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury

Norepinephrine plays an important role in motor functional recovery after a brain injury caused by ferrous chloride.Inhibition of norepinephrine release by clonidine is correlated with motor deficits after motor cortex injury.The aim of this study was to analyze the role ofα-adrenergic receptors in the restoration of motor deficits in recovering rats after brain damage.The rats were randomly assigned to the sham and injury groups and then treated with the following pharmacological agents at 3 hours before and 8 hours,3 days,and 20 days after ferrous chloride-induced cortical injury:saline,clonidine,efaroxan(a selective antagonist ofα-adrenergic receptors)and clonidine+efaroxan.The sensorimotor score,the immunohistochemical staining forα-adrenergic receptors,and norepinephrine levels were evaluated.Eight hours post-injury,the sensorimotor score and norepinephrine levels in the locus coeruleus of the injured rats decreased,and these effects were maintained 3 days post-injury.However,20 days later,clonidine administration diminished norepinephrine levels in the pons compared with the sham group.This effect was accompanied by sensorimotor deficits.These effects were blocked by efaroxan.In conclusion,an increase inα-adrenergic receptor levels was observed after injury.Clonidine restores motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury,an effect that was prevented by efaroxan.The underlying mechanisms involve the stimulation of hypersensitiveα-adrenergic receptors and inhibition of norepinephrine activity in the locus coeruleus.The results of this study suggest thatαreceptor agonists might restore deficits or impede rehabilitation in patients with brain injury,and therefore pharmacological therapies need to be prescribed cautiously to these patients.

Assessment of hindlimb motor recovery affer severe thoracic spinal cord injury in rats: classification of CatWalk XT■ gait analysis parameters

Assessment of locomotion recovery in preclinical studies of experimental spinal cord injury remains challenging. We studied the CatWalk XT■gait analysis for evaluating hindlimb functional recovery in a widely used and clinically relevant thoracic contusion/compression spinal cord injury model in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to either a T9 spinal cord injury or sham laminectomy. Locomotion recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open field rating scale and the CatWalk XT■gait analysis. To determine the potential bias from weight changes, corrected hindlimb(H) values(divided by the unaffected forelimb(F) values) were calculated. Six weeks after injury, cyst formation, astrogliosis, and the deposition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Compared with the baseline, a significant spontaneous recovery could be observed in the CatWalk XT■parameters max intensity, mean intensity, max intensity at%, and max contact mean intensity from 4 weeks after injury onwards. Of note, corrected values(H/F) of CatWalk XT■parameters showed a significantly less vulnerability to the weight changes than absolute values, specifically in static parameters. The corrected CatWalk XT■parameters were positively correlated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating scale scores, cyst formation, the immunointensity of astrogliosis and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan deposition. The CatWalk XT■gait analysis and especially its static parameters, therefore, seem to be highly useful in assessing spontaneous recovery of hindlimb function after severe thoracic spinal cord injury. Because many CatWalk XT■parameters of the hindlimbs seem to be affected by body weight changes, using their corrected values might be a valuable option to improve this dependency.

积极反刍思维训练对青少年伴非自杀性自伤行为抑郁症患者情绪调节策略的影响

目的:探讨积极反刍思维训练对青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)及情绪调节策略的干预效果。方法:纳入南京脑科医院2021年3月至2022年6月有NSSI青少年抑郁症患者167例,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=84)和干预组(n=83)。对照组实施精神科常规治疗及护理;干预组除常规治疗护理措施外,实施积极反刍思维训练。采用SPSS22.0对数据进行统计分析,采用t检验比较差异,计算Cohen’s D值估计差异效应量。结果:干预后干预组积极反刍思维、情感表达、自我负强化、表达抑制、认知重评策略分量表得分与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),情感表达、自我负强化、认知重评分量表Cohen’s D值达到中等效应(0.5≤D≤0.8);干预后3个月,干预组各量表分与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),Cohen’s D值均有提升,认知重评策略分量表达到较大效应(D>0.8),积极反刍思维、情感表达、利己社交、自我负强化、表达抑制分量表达到中等效应(0.5≤D≤0.8),消极反刍思维分量表减分值效应较小(0.2≤D≤0.5)。结论:积极反刍思维训练有利于改善青少年抑郁症患者情绪调节策略,减少非自杀性自伤行为,且随着时间推移,效应逐步提升。

青少年抑郁症非自杀性自伤行为的影响因素

目的分析青少年抑郁症与非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)行为的关系及预防对策。方法114例2021年1月-2023年1月南通市第一人民医院收治的青少年抑郁症患者,依据是否伴有NSSI分为伴有NSSI组(59例)和不伴有NSSI组(55例)。统计青少年抑郁症患者NSSI的单因素,并分析其高危因素。结果伴有NSSI组与不伴有NSSI组有无焦虑、抑郁程度、有无童年家庭功能不全、有无童年虐待、是否受过校园欺凌比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有焦虑、重度抑郁、有童年家庭功能不全、有童年虐待、受过校园欺凌是青少年抑郁症患者NSSI的独立高危因素(P<0.05)。结论青少年抑郁症患者NSSI的高危因素包括有焦虑、重度抑郁、有童年家庭功能不全、有童年虐待、受过校园欺凌等,临床可据此给予青少年抑郁症患者针对性预防对策,以减少青少年抑郁症患者NSSI的发生。

计划行为理论无痛分娩结合接生手法对初产妇分娩出血量、会阴损伤及分娩疼痛的影响

目的:探讨计划行为理论无痛分娩结合接生手法对初产妇分娩出血量、会阴损伤、分娩疼痛的影响。方法:选取2021年8月-2022年7月拟在本院接受无痛分娩的初产妇92例,根据随机数字表法分成干预组与对照组各46例,对照组给予常规分娩护理,干预组给予基于计划行为理论无痛分娩结合接生手法,比较两组出血量、产程、会阴损伤情况、简化版McGill疼痛问卷(SF-MPQ)评分及舒适度。结果:干预组产后2h(185.96±13.47ml)、24h(216.15±21.09ml)出血量均少于对照组(243.11±25.53ml、291.66±29.25ml),第一、二、三产程及总产程短于对照组,会阴损伤情况较对照组轻,SF-MPQ量表视觉模拟评分(3.15±0.88分)、疼痛分级指数(16.32±2.57分)、疼痛强度(1.83±0.45分)均低于对照组(4.67±1.12分、20.81±5.09分、2.47±0.62分),舒适状况量表评分高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:实施计划行为理论无痛分娩结合接生手法,能够减少初产妇分娩出血量和会阴损伤,减轻初产妇疼痛,提高身心舒适度。

“互联网+”辩证行为疗法干预模式在青少年非自杀性自伤干预中的应用研究

背景青少年非自杀性自伤已成为日益严重的精神卫生问题,其病程迁延,对患者、家庭、社会造成沉重负担。对青少年非自杀性自伤干预需要采用综合干预模式,我国线上干预管理实践尚处于起步阶段。目的探讨“互联网+”辩证行为疗法(DBT)干预模式对青少年非自杀性自伤患者自杀意念、认知情绪调节、缓解抑郁等方面的干预效果。方法选取2021年5月—2022年5月新乡医学院第二附属医院系统中出院的青少年非自杀性自伤患者120例为研究对象,采用随机对照单盲法,分为对照组(n=60)和干预组(n=60)。对照组进行药物干预、电话随访及心理咨询,干预组在对照组的基础上实施为期1年的“互联网+”DBT训练,分为4个模块,分别是正念训练、人际效能训练、情绪调节训练和忍受痛苦训练。在干预前及干预6、12个月后,分别采用青少年自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ-C)、Montgomery-Asberg抑郁量表(MADRS)评价两组患者的自杀意念、认知情绪调节、抑郁状态。采用重复测量方差分析对不同时间点两组患者健康状态进行比较。结果最终对照组57例、干预组55例完成研究。组间与时间对SIOSS、CERQ-C、MADRS评分有交互作用(P<0.05);组间对SIOSS、CERQ-C、MADRS评分主效应显著(P<0.05),时间对SIOSS、CERQ-C、MADRS评分主效应显著(P<0.05)。其中干预组组内干预前后SIOSS、CERQ-C、MADRS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);对照组组内前后SIOSS评分、MADRS评分和CERQ-C评分中积极重新关注、重新关注计划、积极重新评价、理性分析、灾难化、责难他人维度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.001),对照组组内前后CERQ-C评分中自我责难、接受、沉思维度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论“互联网+”DBT干预模式可以有效降低青少年非自杀性自伤患者的自杀意念,提高情绪控制水平,缓解抑郁状态,改善患者生存质量和社会功能。

父母婚姻状况对中学生消极情绪和非自杀性自伤行为的影响:一项多中心横断面研究

背景父母婚姻状况对青少年负性心理及非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)影响的研究报道较少,且现有的研究样本量较小。目的探究父母婚姻状况与中学生消极情绪和NSSI的关联,为中学生NSSI的防控提供参考。方法2020年3—4月,采用分层随机抽样法对南充市及周边20个乡镇、67所中学的学生进行问卷调查。调查人员将问卷输入问卷星平台生成二维码,学校发放二维码给家长或学生监护人。问卷包括一般信息问卷、渥太华自残量表(OSI)和中文版抑郁焦虑压力量表-21(DASS-21)。统计中学生NSSI、抑郁、焦虑、压力检出率,并分析影响中学生NSSI、抑郁、焦虑和压力的相关因素。结果本调查共对23所中学的8785名学生发放问卷,最终获得有效问卷8606份,有效回收率98.0%。8606名中学生中男4540名(52.8%)、女4066名(47.2%);初中5937名(69.0%),高中1028名(11.9%),职业高中1641名(19.1%);双亲家庭7274名(84.5%),父母离异单亲787名(9.1%),父母离异再婚545名(6.4%)。本次调查的中学生NSSI检出率为5.6%(486/8606),抑郁检出率为21.9%(1884/8606),焦虑检出率为26.8%(2305/8606),压力检出率为12.3%(1060/8606)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在所有中学生中,与男生相比,女生发生NSSI、焦虑的风险较大(OR=2.363,95%CI=1.946~2.868;OR=1.195,95%CI=1.086~1.315);与初中生相比,职业高中生发生NSSI、抑郁、焦虑、压力的风险较大(OR=1.847,95%CI=1.494~2.284;OR=1.886,95%CI=1.667~2.134;OR=1.857,95%CI=1.141~1.532;OR=1.527,95%CI=1.309~1.781);与双亲家庭的中学生相比,离异单亲、离异再婚家庭的中学生NSSI、抑郁、焦虑、压力的风险较大(离异单亲:OR=2.194,95%CI=1.699~2.834;OR=1.563,95%CI=1.326~1.843;OR=1.573,95%CI=1.346~1.839;OR=1.417,95%CI=1.153~1.741;离异再婚:OR=2.207,95%CI=1.638~2.975;OR=1.863,95%CI=1.543~2.249;OR=1.796,95%CI=1.499~2.153;OR=1.821,95%CI=1.453~2.282);与长期由双亲照顾的中学生相比,长期由父亲单独照顾、母亲单独照顾、祖父母照顾发生NSSI、抑郁、焦虑的风险较大(父亲单独照顾:OR=2.045,95%CI=1.366~3.062;OR=1.633,95%CI=1.289~2.145;OR=1.373,95%CI=1.069~1.762;母亲单独照顾:OR=1.772,95%CI=1.141~2.751;OR=1.435,95%CI=1.095~1.882;OR=1.513,95%CI=1.174~1.951;祖父母照顾:OR=2.465,95%CI=1.918~3.168;OR=1.783,95%CI=1.513~2.100;OR=1.843,95%CI=1.577~2.154),由母亲单独照顾、祖父母照顾发生压力的风险较大(OR=1.604,95%CI=1.166~2.207;OR=1.678,95%CI=1.375~2.049)(P<0.05)。结论中学生的NSSI、抑郁、焦虑、压力与父母离异及照顾者有关,因此,需要对处于这些情况的中学生给予特别关注和干预。

校园欺凌与攻击性行为对青少年非自杀性自伤的双重影响:一项横断面研究

目的探讨青少年非自杀性自伤(non-suidical self-injury,NSSI)的发生和发展机制,关注校园欺凌和攻击性行为与青少年NSSI之间的关联,以期为预防和干预这一问题提供理论依据和实践建议。方法采用横断面研究设计,研究对象为15987位中国辽宁、上海和江西三个省的初高中学生,代表了不同的社会、经济和文化背景。通过问卷调查法收集数据,并运用相关分析、回归分析和结构方程模型等统计方法进行分析,以揭示各变量间的关系及相互作用。结果校园欺凌与NSSI呈正向关系(非标准化系数=0.420,标准化系数=0.247,Z=18.123,P<0.001),欺凌程度越高,自伤风险也越高。攻击性行为与NSSI之间同样存在正向关系(非标准化系数=0.230,标准化系数=0.201,Z=14.301,P<0.001),攻击性行为越强烈,自伤风险也越高。校园欺凌对攻击性行为的影响显著(非标准化系数=1.052,标准化系数=0.708,Z=75.223,P<0.001),欺凌程度越高,攻击性行为也越严重。结构方程模型结果表明,模型在解释校园欺凌、攻击性行为与青少年NSSI关系方面具有较好的拟合效果。结论研究发现,校园欺凌和攻击性行为对青少年NSSI具有显著影响,且青少年的欺凌和攻击性行为存在地区差异。预防和干预措施应综合学校、家庭和社会力量,加强师生间沟通,提高教师对问题行为的识别和干预能力,增进家长对青少年心理健康的关注,以降低青少年NSSI风险。

早期认知行为干预对颅脑损伤患者的干预效果及心理应激水平的影响

目的探讨颅脑损伤患者应用早期认知行为干预的效果及对其心理应激水平的影响。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月收治的颅脑损伤患者82例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组采用常规心理护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用早期认知行为干预,比较2组的心理状态、创伤后应激障碍检查量表平民版(PCL-C)评分、运动能力、日常生活能力、护患信任程度和并发症发生情况。结果2组干预后的焦虑、抑郁评分低于干预前,且观察组降低更明显(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组出院3个月的PCL-C评分分别为(24.08±7.85)分和(28.59±7.83)分,出院6个月分别为(21.34±6.29)分和(24.42±6.32)分,观察组PCL-C评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后的肢体运动功能Fugel-Meyer(FMA)评分和Barthel评分较干预前均升高,且观察组升高更明显(P<0.05)。2组干预后的护患信任程度得分高于干预前,且观察组升高更明显(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为7.32%低于对照组的26.83%(P<0.05)。结论颅脑损伤患者应用早期认知行为干预,能有效改善患者的心理应激水平,缓解负向情绪,提高干预质量。

青少年抑郁症患者述情障碍、孤独感、心理弹性与非自杀型自我伤害行为的关系

目的 探讨青少年抑郁症患者的述情障碍、孤独感、心理弹性与非自杀型自我伤害(nonsuicidal self-injury, NSSI)行为的关系及其作用机制。方法 采用自残功能评估量表、多伦多述情障碍量表、UCLA孤独感量表和心理弹性量表简化版对326名青少年抑郁症患者施测。分析各变量间的关系及其相关的中介效应及调节作用。结果 NSSI行为与述情障碍和孤独感呈显著正相关,与心理弹性呈显著负相关。与无NSSI行为的青少年抑郁症患者比较,有NSSI行为者的述情障碍总分及其情感识别困难、情感描述困难、外向性思维维度得分以及孤独感总分均较高,心理弹性总分较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。述情障碍正向预测NSSI行为,心理弹性负向预测NSSI行为。述情障碍通过心理弹性的中介作用对NSSI产生影响,孤独感对中介模型的前半段路径具有调节作用。结论 青少年抑郁症患者的孤独感、心理弹性和述情障碍均与NSSI行为显著相关。述情障碍是NSSI行为发生的危险因素,心理弹性是减少NSSI行为发生的保护因素。心理弹性在述情障碍与NSSI行为的关系中起中介作用,孤独感在其中发挥调节作用。

汽车碰撞驾驶员下肢行为响应及损伤分析

当前汽车碰撞试验中所用假人为标准姿态,忽略了驾驶员本能应急行为对自身损伤的影响。基于此问题,通过搭建沉浸式驾驶模拟器获取碰撞环境下驾驶员下肢姿态的变化特征并利用有限元方法对碰撞场景进行模拟仿真,最终通过数据分析对比驾驶员应急行为下人体各部位损伤情况。研究结果表明:当脚部位于油门踏板上时驾驶员头部以及大腿损伤较为严重,脚部踩压制动踏板时,胸部压缩量相较于其他姿态峰值增大了22.3%,脚部位于制动踏板上时颈部伸张力矩峰值最大,粘性指数峰值减小了25%。驾驶员下肢行为变化时其身体运动姿态、各部位的损伤程度有明显差异且与标准姿态相比各部位损伤情况也有显著不同。研究结果能够为针对中国驾乘人员的车辆安全防护设计提供新思路,同时对国内碰撞法规的完善具有很好的参考价值。

改良结扎法用于脊髓损伤造模的优势分析

背景:目前根据脊髓损伤的损伤方式不同衍生出不同的模型构建方法,传统物理损伤造模方法都有各自的优缺点,尚缺乏较为有效和稳定的脊髓损伤动物模型。目的:建立一种可复制、可调控、创伤小、死亡率低、模型更稳定、适用范围广、术后护理时间短的脊髓损伤大鼠模型。方法:将体质量和鼠龄相似的40只SD大鼠随机分为对照组和改良组,每组20只,对照组采用钳夹造模法构建脊髓损伤模型,改良组选用基于压迫法改良的结扎法,在开窗的基础上使用缝线结扎的方法进行脊髓损伤的造模。比较两组大鼠的排尿行为、血尿、脓尿(感染率)、死亡率、脊柱畸形率及术后1,3,5,7 d的BBB运动功能学评分。结果与结论:基于压迫法改良的结扎法建立的脊髓损伤大鼠模型比常规建模方法排尿行为恢复较快、血尿率低、感染率低、死亡率低、脊柱畸形率低,BBB评分结果更集中稳定(1周内均<2分),由此可证明基于压迫法改良的结扎法更适用于脊髓损伤大鼠模型的建立。