Study on lift-up speed of aerodynamic compliant foil thrust bearings

Objective The experimental study on the lift-up speed of a new kind of compliant aerodynamic foil thrust bearings was performed on the multifunctional test rig established for testing the performances of foil gas bearings.Methods The lift-up speed of foil gas thrust bearing under given axial load was analyzed through the spectrum of axial displacement response in frequency domain.Results The test results indicated that the difference in the spectrum of axial displacement responses before and after lifting up of the rotor was obvious.After lifting up of the rotor,there were only larger components of rotation frequency and lower harmanic frequencies.If the rotor wasn't lift-up,there were also larger components of other frequencies in the spectrum.Conclusion So by analyzing the spectrum of axial displacement response,the results showed that the lift-up speed was about 1860rpm when the axial load was 31N.

Analysis of Improvement in the Stiffness of Externally Pressurized Gas Thrust Bearing

This paper expounds some factors on improving stiffness of externally pressurized gas thrust bearings. Especially,a pressure positive feedback thrust bearing(PPFTB) and an actively controlled thrust bearing (ACTB) are proposed.It has been found that the two new types of bearings can increase the stiffness remarkably in a certain range of fluctuating load and have won wide applications in ultra-precision machines.

Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Elastic Foil Gas Bearing Using Over Relaxation Iteration Method and Non-Dimensional Equation

The purpose is to accurately predict the performance of foil bearing and achieve accurate results in the design of foil bearing structure.A new type of foil bearing with surface microstructure is used as experimental material.First,the lubrication mechanism of elastic foil gas bearing is analyzed.Then,the numerical solution process of the static bearing capacity and friction torque is analyzed,including the discretization of the governing equation of rarefied gas pressure based on the non-dimensional modified Reynolds equation and the over relaxation iteration method,the grid planning within the calculation range,the static solution of boundary parameters and static solution of the numerical process.Finally,the solution program is analyzed.The experimental data in National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)public literature are compared with the simulation results of this exploration,so as to judge the accuracy of the calculation process.The results show that under the same static load,the difference between the minimum film thickness calculated and the test results is not obvious;when the rotor speed of the bearing is 60000 r/min,the influence of the boundary slip effect increases with the increase of the micro groove depth on the flat foil surface;when the eccentricity or the micro groove depth of the bearing increases,the bearing capacity will be strengthened.When the eccentricity is 6µm and 14µm,the viscous friction torque of the new foil bearing increases significantly with the increase of the depth of the foil micro groove,but when the eccentricity is 22µm,the viscous friction torque does not change with the change of the depth of the foil micro groove.It shows that the bearing capacity and performance of foil bearing are improved.

Theoretical and experimental research on static stiffness,performance,and lift-off characteristics of multi-layer gas foil thrust bearings

In this study,a new comprehensive fully coupled elastic–hydrodynamic model is developed for a multi-layer gas foil thrust bearing(GFTB).The interaction effects among the top foil,back board,middle foil,and bottom foil,as well as the Coulomb friction effect,are considered.The stiffness and static characteristics obtained by the experimental and theoretical approaches are in good agreement,which verifies the accuracy of the model.The contribution of each foil layer to the overall stiffness and the load-carrying mechanism are analyzed.Interaction effects of the load,preload,and rotational speed on the static performance are investigated comprehensively.Furthermore,start–stop tests are performed to achieve the lift-off speed,start-up torque,and shut-down torque under various operating conditions.

Thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic analysis of a specific multi-layer gas foil thrust bearing under thermal-fluid–solid coupling

Gas foil bearing faces severe and complex thermal-fluid–solid coupling issues when in ultra-high speed and miniaturized impeller machineries.In this study,a Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic(TEHD)analysis of a specific multi-layer gas foil thrust bearing on the continuous loading process within a steady rotational speed is numerically investigated by a three-dimensional thermal-fluid–solid coupling method.Results indicate that the multi-layer foil exhibits nonlinear overall stiffness,with the thrust bottom foil serving as the primary elastic deformation structure,while the thrust top foil maintains a well-defined aerodynamic shape during a loading process,which helps reduce frictional damage and achieve an adequate loading capacity.For low loads,the fluctuation of the gas film is extremely sensitive,and it weakens dramatically as the load increases.The viscous heating and friction torque exhibit a linear relationship with an increasing bearing load after a rapid growth.Depending on the exact stacking sequence and contact position of the multi-layer gas foil,the overlapping configuration allows for efficient transfer of viscous-shearing heat accumulated at the smallest air film through thermal conduction while providing elastic support.Due to the strong inhomogeneity of the viscous heat under varying loads,the temperature distribution on the top foil surface shows pronounced variations,while the difference between the peak and average temperatures of the thrust plate and top foil surfaces widens substantially with an increasing load.

New numerical solution for self-acting gas journal bearings

Taking a small pressure change in the gas film of self-acting gas-lubricated journal bearings into account, the corresponding nonlinear Reynolds equation is linearized through appropriate approximation and a modified Reynolds equation is derived and solved by means of the finite difference method (FDM). The gas film pressure distribution of a self-acting gas-lubricated journal bearing is attained and the load capacity is calculated. The numerical solution has a better agreement with experimental data than a direct numerical solution for different values of the bearing number. It is of interest to note that the eccentricity ratio, at which the new numerical solution is in better agreement with experimental data, is different when the bearing number is changing. The new numerical solution is slightly larger when the eccentricity ratio is smaller, and becomes slightly smaller when the eccentricity ratio is larger.

An efficient three-dimensional foil structure model for bump-type gas foil bearings considering friction

This paper presents an efficient three-dimensional(3D)structural model for bump-type gas foil bearings(GFBs)developed by considering friction.The foil structures are modeled with a 3D shell finite element model.Using the bump foil mechanical characteristics,the Guyan reduction and component mode synthesis methods are adopted to improve computational efficiency while guaranteeing accurate static responses.A contact model that includes friction and separation behaviors is presented to model the interactions of the bump foil with the top foil and bearing sleeve.The proposed structural model was validated with published analytical and experimental results.The coupled elastohydrodynamics model of GFBs was established by integration of the proposed structural model with data on hydrodynamic films,and it was validated by comparisons with existing experimental results.The performance of a bearing with an angular misalignment was studied numerically,revealing that the reaction torques of the misaligned bearing predicted by GFB models with 2D and 3D foil structure models are quite different.The 3D foil structure model should be used to study GFB misalignment.

不对中气体箔片微织构止推轴承静态特性分析

为了研究不同形状微织构的分布方式、数量、密度、摆放角度与深度等对不对中气体箔片止推轴承承载性能的影响,结合逐点超松弛迭代法(SOR)与有限差分法(FDM)求解气体箔片止推轴承Reynolds方程,通过MatLab仿真计算得到不同微织构参数下轴承的承载力与摩擦力矩等。计算结果表明:微织构分布于止推轴承基座区与楔形区交界处时,相较于其他分布方式,轴承承载力均明显提高;不同形状微织构的最大截面沿止推轴承径向方向摆放时,轴承性能改善最佳。研究表明:存在最优的微织构数量、密度与深度,可使止推轴承在较小的摩擦力矩下有更高的承载性能;相较于无微织构轴承,椭圆形微织构在最优微织构参数下可使轴承其承载力提升41.22%,摩擦力矩降低0.81%。

S-CO_(2)介质止推箔片气体动压轴承特性研究

针对超临界二氧化碳(SupercriticalCarbon Dioxide,S-CO_(2))润滑波箔型止推箔片气体动压轴承,通过反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络算法提出S-CO_(2)的物性模型,并考虑轴承工作时的非理想气体效应,提出考虑湍流效应气体润滑模型、箔片结构力学模型和气膜平均温升计算方法,对止推箔片气体动压轴承的静动态特性进行研究,并分析不同结构参数对箔片气体轴承静动态特性的影响规律.结果表明,本文提出的物性模型准确度高,相关系数高达99.997%.以S-CO_(2)为润滑介质的止推箔片气体动压轴承具有更高的承载力,且在适当范围内减小最小初始气膜厚度或增加膜厚比可以提高轴承的承载力.以S-CO_(2)为介质的止推箔片气体动压轴承的动态刚度系数和动态阻尼系数均远高于常温常压空气介质下的止推箔片气体动压轴承.随着最小初始气膜厚度减小,轴承的动态刚度系数和动态阻尼系数均迅速增加.

整体式平箔气体动压止推轴承静特性分析

整体式平箔气体动压止推轴承具备制造工艺简单,承载能力强等优点,其由多个带有独立波箔的轴承扇区组成,但具有一个完整的环形平箔片。为了探究该新型轴承工作机制和静特性,提出相应的静特性分析模型并利用循环边界耦合条件,设置气流入口与出口处压力相等,利用数值仿真分析整体式平箔止推轴承的转速、最小气膜厚度和楔形高度对其静特性的影响,并与相同工作条件下的分离式平箔轴承进行比较。研究结果表明:整体式平箔所设计的轴承在负载情况下平箔片会由楔形-台阶转变为楔形-平端的几何形状,单瓦扇区后缘因变形向上弯曲产生二次收敛间隙,因此形成2个气膜压力峰值,且由于轴承面积较分离式平箔所设计的轴承更大,因此承载能力会更高;由于平箔台阶处存在负压区,因此整体式平箔最优楔形高度区间延后于分离式平箔出现,当楔形高度在50μm左右时,能够达到较高承载能力并且摩擦力矩较小;当增加最小气膜厚度时,其承载能力与摩擦力矩均减小。

轴承结构对推力轴承承载特性和热特性的影响

为探究气体箔片动压推力轴承的轴承结构对轴承承载特性和热特性的影响,建立推力轴承二维仿真模型,通过耦合求解非等温可压缩气体的雷诺方程和能量方程,获得轴承气膜压力场和温度场,并建立推力轴承三维仿真模型进行验证。利用轴承二维模型研究轴承结构(包括箔片节距比、箔片数量和箔片楔形高度)对轴承承载特性和热特性的影响规律。计算结果表明:气体箔片动压推力轴承的最佳节距比为0.35~0.5,最佳箔片数量为6,当最小气膜厚度为0.01mm时,最佳的箔片楔形高度为0.04~0.06mm;轴承热耗散随节距比、楔形高度的增加而减小,随箔片数量的增加而增大,为降低轴承温度,可适当提高轴承节距比和楔形高度。

弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承承载性能研究

气弹耦合解是准确预测弹性箔片动压气体轴承承载性能的有效方法。通过引入箔片的弹性变形以及联立求解动压气体润滑Reynolds方程和弹性箔片的变形方程,给出了弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承的气弹耦合解。应用气弹耦合解理论,将顶层箔片的局部弹性变形纳入考虑范围,对弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承的承载性能进行了计算和分析。有限元数值仿真结果表明:顶层箔片在气膜压力作用下的局部弹性变形直接导致弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承承载能力的降低;根据轴承瓦块上气膜压力分布的特点合理设计支承拱箔的结构形式,可以减小顶层箔片的局部弹性变形,有效提高轴承的承载能力。得到了一种承载能力较高的弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承支承拱箔结构设计方案。

新型弹性箔片动压气体止推轴承启停性能的研究

在多功能气体轴承试验台上对西安交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所开发的新型弹性箔片动压气体止推轴承进行了启停性能的试验研究。分析了箔片材料的选择和表面的处理对新型弹性箔片动压气体轴承启停性能的影响。试验结果表明经过表面处理的新型弹性箔片动压气体止推轴承具有较好的启停性能和稳定性。

箔片式动压止推气体轴承的发展

本文简要回顾了箔片式动压止推气体轴承的发展历史。详细介绍了箔片式动压止推气体轴承的主要类型及研究状况。

箔片动压止推气体轴承流固耦合数值模拟

针对鼓泡弹性箔片动压止推气体轴承的结构,在假设内部流体为层流、沿气膜厚度方向压力不变、忽略流体体积力和惯性力的基础上,建立了可压缩性流体Reynolds方程;采用有限差分法,在考虑流场为等温过程的条件下,对Reynolds方程进行了数值求解,得出轴承内部的压力分布。充分考虑鼓泡结构在压力作用下的弯曲变形,采用双向流固耦合模型,分析了顶层箔片的变形与压力场之间的相互作用,结合薄板弯曲模型得出的轴承顶层箔片的变形和气膜间隙分布,分析了轴承数、箔片结构对轴承性能的影响。研究结果表明:支承结构位置不当会直接影响气膜压力的分布,造成承载能力下降;提高轴承数、增大进出口气膜间隙比和轴承内外径之比,可以提高轴承的承载性能;节距比为0.5时承载性能最佳。该结果可为鼓泡弹性箔片动压止推气体轴承的结构设计提供参考。

基于Newton-Raphson迭代的动压气体止推箔片轴承特性研究

以波箔型气体止推箔片轴承为研究对象,给出一种快速收敛的静特性数值求解方法,结合Newton-Raphson迭代法和有限差分法,耦合求解Reynolds方程和润滑膜厚度方程,研究气体止推箔片轴承的静态性能,分析结构参数对气体止推箔片轴承轴向承载力、黏性摩擦力矩的影响规律。建立转子止推盘倾斜的润滑膜厚度方程,求解获得轴承压力分布规律,分析转子止推盘倾斜对气体止推箔片轴承静态性能的影响。结果表明:采用基于NewtonRaphson迭代的数值求解方法收敛速度较快;气体止推箔片轴承的轴向承载力和黏性摩擦力矩均随箔片变形刚度的增大而增大;止推盘倾斜时气体止推箔片轴承的静态性能增大,且倾斜角度越大静态特性结果也越大。

航空发动机弹性箔片气体动压轴承技术研究及性能评价综述

弹性箔片气体动压轴承广泛应用于航空发动机中,在减少航空发动机功率损失、提高发动机可靠性方面具有重要作用。综述了国内外箔片气动轴承的研究现状,介绍了航空发动机箔片气动轴承结构的发展和应用特点,重点讨论了箔片止推轴承的理论研究现状,比较了不同箔片气动轴承润滑建模方法、润滑求解方法、收敛控制方法,指出了弹性箔片气体动压轴承在航空发动机旋转机械中的巨大应用潜力,提出了气动轴承技术今后需要重点开展的研究发展方向,主要包括箔片动压气体轴承理论建模及其模型求解、箔片气动轴承的实验研究及试验台架的搭建测试、箔片动压气体轴承设计及加工制造、轴承表面涂层技术的研究以及箔片动压气体轴承技术的应用等。

2350铝箔轧机工作辊止推轴承寿命及事故分析

本文分析了２３５０高速铝箔轧机操作侧止推轴承寿命低及发生烧熔事故的原因，给出了具体的计算结果。针对存在的问题提出了具体解决方案。

高速铝箔轧机工作辊操作侧止推轴承运行行为的研究

某公司２３５０高速铝箔轧机操作侧止推双列角接触球轴承寿命低、易烧熔，其原因是过大的轴向力及严重偏载。 实测表明，轧制时的轴向力可达３６．３ｋＮ，且偏载严重，据此提出释放多余约束、调整轧辊交叉角、润滑轴承与辊径接触 面等措施。

推力空气箔片轴承新型结构构建及其动力学性能

提出一种新型推力箔片轴承,该轴承的优点是通过波箔和平箔的组合来改变箔片轴承的轴向刚度等动态特性。以新型推力箔片轴承为对象,运用弹性力学理论分析推力箔片轴承顶箔和波箔的变形,联立黏温方程、气膜三维能量方程和等温Reynolds方程得到非等温Reynolds方程。利用小扰动法处理非等温Reynolds方程得到气膜压力的定常控制方程和微分控制方程。运用有限差分法和逐点松弛迭代法对其进行数值求解得到推力箔片轴承的气膜压力分布、气膜厚度分布、箔片变形量分布、气膜温度分布、轴向刚度、轴向阻尼等特性参数。结果表明,箔片轴承的轴向刚度和轴向阻尼随着波拱半长、楔形间隙高度差、波拱半径的增加而减小;轴向刚度和轴向阻尼随着涡动频率比、转速、波箔厚度、顶箔厚度、轴承外径的增加而增大。