Personalized pancreatic cancer therapy:from the perspective of mRNA vaccine

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity,especially in genetic alteration and microenvironment.Conventional therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer usually suffer resistance,highlighting the necessity for personalized precise treatment.Cancer vaccines have become promising alternatives for pancreatic cancer treatment because of their multifaceted advantages including multiple targeting,minimal nonspecific effects,broad therapeutic window,low toxicity,and induction of persistent immunological memory.Multiple conventional vaccines based on the cells,microorganisms,exosomes,proteins,peptides,or DNA against pancreatic cancer have been developed;however,their overall efficacy remains unsatisfactory.Compared with these vaccine modalities,messager RNA(mRNA)-based vaccines offer technical and conceptional advances in personalized precise treatment,and thus represent a potentially cutting-edge option in novel therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer.This review summarizes the current progress on pancreatic cancer vaccines,highlights the superiority of mRNA vaccines over other conventional vaccines,and proposes the viable tactic for designing and applying personalized mRNA vaccines for the precise treatment of pancreatic cancer.

mRNA vaccine development for cholangiocarcinoma:a precise pipeline

Cholangiocarcinoma(CHOL)is one of the most aggressive tumors worldwide and cannot be effectively treated by conventional and novel treatments,including immune checkpoint blockade therapy.The mRNA vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for various diseases,however,its application in CHOL is limited due to the thoughtlessness in the integration of vaccine design and patient selection.A recent study established an integrated path for identifying potent CHOL antigens for mRNA vaccine development and a precise stratification for identifying CHOL patients who can benefit from the mRNA vaccines.In spite of a promising prospect,further investigations should identify immunogenic antigens and onco-immunological characteristics of CHOL to guide the clinical application of CHOL mRNA vaccines in the future.

Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma for mRNA vaccine development

BACKGROUND mRNA vaccines have been investigated in multiple tumors,but limited studies have been conducted on their use for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To identify candidate mRNA vaccine antigens for HCC and suitable subpopu-lations for mRNA vaccination.METHODS Gene expression profiles and clinical information of HCC datasets were obtained from International Cancer Genome Consortium and The Cancer Genome Atlas.Genes with somatic mutations and copy number variations were identified by cBioPortal analysis.The differentially expressed genes with significant prognostic value were identified by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 website analysis.The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database was used to assess the correlation between candidate antigens and the abundance of antigen-presenting cells(APCs).Tumor-associated antigens were overexpressed in tumors and associated with prognosis,genomic alterations,and APC infiltration.A consensus cluster analysis was performed with the Consensus Cluster Plus package to identify the immune subtypes.The weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)was used to determine the candidate biomarker molecules for appropriate populations for mRNA vaccines.immune subtypes showed distinct cellular and clinical characteristics.The IS1 and IS3 immune subtypes were immunologically“cold”.The IS2 and IS4 immune subtypes were immunologically“hot”,and the immune checkpoint genes and immunogenic cell death genes were upregulated in these subtypes.IS1-related modules were identified with the WGCNA algorithm.Ultimately,five hub genes(RBP4,KNG1,METTL7A,F12,and ABAT)were identified,and they might be potential biomarkers for mRNA vaccines.CONCLUSION AURKA,CCNB1,CDC25C,CDK1,TRIP13,PES1,MCM3,PPM1G,NEK2,KIF2C,PTTG1,KPNA2,and PRC1 have been identified as candidate HCC antigens for mRNA vaccine development.The IS1 and IS3 immune subtypes are suitable populations for mRNA vaccination.RBP4,KNG1,METTL7A,F12,and ABAT are potential biomarkers for mRNA vaccines.

Real-world effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly during the Delta and Omicron variants:Systematic review

BACKGROUND As of 31 December 2022,there were over 6.6 million coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)deaths and over 651 million cases across 200 countries worldwide.Despite the increase in vaccinations and booster shots,COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to remain high.While the effectiveness of these vaccines has already been established by different manufacturers,the fact remains that these vaccines were created quickly for global emergency use,tested under controlled clinical conditions from voluntary subjects and age groups whose general characteristics may differ from the actual general population.AIM To conduct a systematic review to determine the real-world effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly during the predominance of Delta and Omicron variants in preventing COVID-19 related infection,hospital,intensive care unit(ICU)admission and intubation,and death.METHODS A combination of Medical Subject Headings and non–Medical Subject Headings was carried out to identify all relevant research articles that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria from PubMed,Cochrane,CINAHL,Scopus,ProQuest,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases,as well as qualified research studies from pre–print servers using medRxiv and Research Square,published from January 1,2021-December 31,2022.RESULTS As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines were evaluated from an estimated total study population of 26535692 using infection,hospital,ICU admission and intubation,and death as outcome measures from studies published between 2021 and 2022,conducted in New York,Finland,Canada,Costa Rica,Qatar,Greece,and Brazil.The risk of bias was evaluated using risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions(ROBINS-I)tool for cohort,case-control,and cross-sectional studies.While clinical trial data on Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated 94%vaccine effectiveness in the elderly,the results in this study showed that vaccine effectiveness in real-world settings is marginally lower against infection(40%-89%),hospitalization(92%),ICU admission and intubation(98%-85%),and death(77%-87%)with an indication of diminished effectiveness of vaccine over time.Furthermore,2 doses of mRNA vaccines are inadequate and only provides interim protection.CONCLUSION Because of the natural diminishing effectiveness of the vaccine,the need for booster dose to restore its efficacy is vital.From a research perspective,the use of highly heterogeneous outcome measures inhibits the comparison,contrast,and integration of the results which makes data pooling across different studies problematic.While pharmaceutical intervention like vaccination is important to fight an epidemic,utilizing common outcome measurements or carrying out studies with minimal heterogeneity in outcome measurements,is equally crucial to better understand and respond to an international health crisis.

动物mRNA疫苗生产厂房布局与工艺设计要点探究

mRNA疫苗技术具备研发周期短、安全性优良、生产技术通用性强的特点,但由于mRNA疫苗的特殊工艺,传统的生物制品厂房设计已不能完全满足其制备要求。科学合理的厂房工艺设计是确保mRNA疫苗产能与质量的主要条件,因此,如何设计既符合工艺要求又满足兽药GMP的动物mRNA疫苗生产厂房成为摆在我们面前急需探究的课题。鉴于不同国家在能源结构、环保要求、设计理念等方面存在差异,在借鉴欧美已有的mRNA疫苗规模化生产设施和我国人用mRNA疫苗厂房设计的基础上,提出了符合我国兽药GMP规范的mRNA疫苗厂房生产设施、工艺关键点和设计方案,以期为国内动物mRNA疫苗车间建设提供参考。

假尿苷修饰体外转录mRNA在翻译过程中发生的+1核糖体框架移码

为应对世界范围内的COVID-19疫情,假尿苷(Ψ)修饰的体外转录mRNA(Ψ-IVT-mRNA)被授权应用于SARS-Cov-2 mRNA疫苗。最近,Ψ-IVT-mRNA被发现在翻译蛋白质时发生核糖体“滞顿”,导致+1核糖体移码,在体外和体内翻译出异常的蛋白质。在接种SARS-Cov-2 mRNA疫苗的人群,这种异常蛋白可能激发脱靶T细胞反应或抗体反应或产生其它意想不到的副作用。这一发现对研制有效“安全”的mRNA疫苗/药物有“警示”和指导意义。

肿瘤mRNA疫苗及其递送载体在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

由于传统抗肿瘤手段在临床应用中具有特异度低、不良反应大的缺点,新型的抗肿瘤免疫疗法受到关注并逐渐得以应用。肿瘤免疫疗法通过调节机体免疫系统,增强抗肿瘤免疫应答以实现对肿瘤的控制和杀伤。肿瘤免疫疗法包括免疫检查点阻断疗法、过继细胞免疫治疗和肿瘤疫苗。其中,肿瘤疫苗通过递送肿瘤细胞特异性抗原刺激免疫系统产生特异性免疫细胞或抗体从而消除肿瘤细胞以达到治疗肿瘤的目的。近年来,mRNA疫苗相关领域迅速发展,所需的mRNA在合成及制备方面的工艺日趋成熟,为肿瘤mRNA疫苗的研究奠定了良好的基础。因mRNA具有易被降解、无法自主进入细胞等特点,此类疫苗需要合适的递送载体才能成功地被细胞摄取并发挥功效。因此,mRNA疫苗递送系统的发展成为其能否被更好地利用的关键,这也是在肿瘤治疗领域里mRNA疫苗能否被开发利用至临床阶段的重要一环。本文简要介绍肿瘤的免疫治疗方法、肿瘤疫苗种类和肿瘤mRNA疫苗的作用机制及制备方法,介绍用于肿瘤治疗的免疫疗法中mRNA疫苗及其常见的递送系统的研究进展和相关应用,并对进入临床试验阶段的肿瘤mRNA疫苗进行归纳和整理,以期为今后针对肿瘤的mRNA疫苗的研究工作提供帮助。

SARS-CoV-2S蛋白mRNA疫苗对不同毒株交叉中和活性的研究

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)在感染和持续性进化过程中不断发生变异,导致现有疫苗的有效性降低,因此人类迫切需要能够建立广谱免疫保护的有效疫苗.作者采用mRNA疫苗技术,设计了原型(Prototype)株刺突(Spike,S)蛋白mRNA疫苗(P0).在S蛋白基因序列中引入氨基酸突变位点,制备了Prototype-mut mRNA疫苗P1~P7,并对小鼠进行了免疫.结果表明,引入Q498R-Y505H-H655Y和Q498R-N501Y突变位点的S蛋白mRNA疫苗可以显著提升对Delta株的中和抗体(neutralizing antibody,NAb)滴度(P<0.05).引入Q493R-Q498R-H655Y和Q498R-N501Y突变疫苗对Prototype、Alpha、Beta、Delta、Omicron BA.1等多个毒株的几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)分别为1∶194.0、1∶73.5、1∶32.0、1∶194.0、1∶16.0和1∶294.1、1∶294.1、1∶64.0、1∶256.0、1∶8.0.同时,引入Q493R-Q498R-H655Y、Q498R-Y505H和Q498R-Y505H-H655Y等突变疫苗对Prototype、Alpha、Beta、Delta 4种毒株的中和抗体阳转率可达到100%.通过在S蛋白mRNA疫苗中引入点突变的策略,验证了可能具有免疫逃逸或改变受体结合亲和力潜力的氨基酸突变位点的引入对mRNA疫苗交叉中和活性的影响,这为提升mRNA疫苗广谱性的研发提供了参考.

预防传染病mRNA疫苗原材料、原液质控要点分析

目的:梳理归纳预防传染病mRNA疫苗原材料和原液质控要点,为我国此类产品质量控制提供参考。方法:通过梳理世界卫生组织及相关标准和审评机构关于预防传染病mRNA疫苗原材料、原液质控指导文件,以及相关监管指南和文献,总结归纳预防传染病mRNA疫苗原材料和原液关键质量控制属性及相关要求。结果与结论:作为新型生物制品,mRNA疫苗核酸结构和脂质体包裹制剂的特性决定了该类疫苗质控特点,序列和完整性、含量及纯度、加帽率和包封率是mRNA疫苗特有的、决定有效性和安全性的关键质量参数。从原材料和原液制备阶段就建立多个与mRNA特性相关的质控要点及其检测方法,将有助于保障预防传染病mRNA疫苗安全有效、质量可控。

mRNA vaccines: Past, present, future

mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternative platforms to conventional vaccines.Their ease of production,low cost,safety profile and high potency render them ideal candidates for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,especially in the midst of pandemics.The challenges that face in vitro transcribed RNA were partially amended by addition of tethered adjuvants or co-delivery of naked mRNA with an adjuvanttethered RNA.However,it wasn’t until recently that the progress made in nanotechnology helped enhance mRNA stability and delivery by entrapment in novel delivery systems of which,lipid nanoparticles.The continuous advancement in the fields of nanotechnology and tissue engineering provided novel carriers for mRNA vaccines such as polymeric nanoparticles and scaffolds.Various studies have shown the advantages of adopting mRNA vaccines for viral diseases and cancer in animal and human studies.Self-amplifying mRNA is considered today the next generation of mRNA vaccines and current studies reveal promising outcomes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines used in past and present studies,and discusses future directions and challenges in advancing this vaccine platform to widespread clinical use.

mRNA肿瘤疫苗:研究进展及临床应用前景

免疫疗法为肿瘤治疗提供了有效的辅助作用,其中信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)肿瘤疫苗有着较好的肿瘤免疫激活作用,为肿瘤辅助治疗提供了一个潜在的应用前景。mRNA疫苗能够激活或者增强人体免疫系统特异性识别抗原的能力,从而实现抗肿瘤作用。相比较于其他疫苗平台,mRNA肿瘤疫苗具有安全、不被整合、负载多种抗原等特点。肿瘤的不同突变类型导致了肿瘤治疗存在一定的个体差异性,肿瘤抗原的选择就显得尤为重要。同时,mRNA修饰可以增强mRNA的稳定性及翻译效率。这些因素都影响着mRNA疫苗的抗肿瘤效应。目前多种个体化mRNA肿瘤疫苗在临床试验中表现出较好的安全性及免疫原性。因此,通过本综述能更好的了解mRNA肿瘤疫苗的作用以及开发个性化肿瘤疫苗的临床价值,并且联合现有的治疗方式能为肿瘤辅助治疗提供更为有效的治疗方案。

Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines

For centuries,therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed and tried clinically.Way back in the late 19th century,the Father of Immunotherapy,William Coley had discovered that bacterial toxins were effective for inoperable sarcomas.In the 1970s,the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)vaccine was repurposed,e.g.,for advanced melanomas.Then,therapeutic cancer vaccines based on tumorassociated antigens(found on the surfaces of cancer cells)were tried clinically but apparently have not made a really significant clinical impact.For repurposed pathogen vaccines,only the BCG vaccine was approved in 1989 for local application to treat nonmuscle-invading bladder cancers.Although the mildly toxic vaccine adjuvants deliberately added to conventional pathogen vaccines are appropriate for seasonal applications,when repurposed for continual oncology usage,toxicity may be problematic.In 2010,even with the approval of sipuleucel-T as the very first cancer vaccine(dendritic cell)developed for designated prostate cancers,it has also not made a really significant clinical impact.Perhaps more"user friendly"cancer vaccines should be explored.As from approximately 30 years ago,the safety and effectiveness of mRNA vaccination for oncology had already been studied,the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,though disastrous,has given such progressively advancing technology a kickstart.For oncology,other virtues of mRNA vaccines seem advantageous,e.g.,rapid and versatile development,convenient modular design,and entirely cell-free synthesis,are being progressively recognized.Moreover,mRNAs encoding various oncology antigens for vaccination may also be tested with the combination of relatively non-toxic modalities of oncology treatments,e.g.,metformin or metronomic(low-dose,prolonged administration)chemotherapy.Admittedly,robust clinical data obtained through good quality clinical trials are mandatory.

Status epilepticus as a complication after COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine:A case report

BACKGROUND We present a rare case of status epilepticus in a 56-year-old man which arose as a complication after vaccination with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)mRNA-1273 vaccine.The patient's history included well-compensated secondary epilepsy.The root cause of the situation was a fever which had developed as a side effect of the vaccination.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man received the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2.The vaccine was administered intramuscularly(100 mg,0.5 mL).The next morning the man was found to be suffering from fever and headaches while at the same time experiencing general weakness.He lost consciousness suddenly and experienced generalized clonic seizures which turned into status epilepticus.When the Emergency Medical Service arrived the patient was unconscious with spontaneous breathing and generalized clonic seizures.It was necessary to administer diazepam repeatedly.It was also necessary to administer high doses of levetiracetam and temporary propofol.The status epilepticus was brought under control approximately 90 min after the patient’s transport to the Emergency Department.A follow-up electroencephalogram no longer revealed abnormal indications of epileptic fit.The patient was temporarily hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and after seven days care was discharged without any further apparent effects.CONCLUSION There is currently no specific treatment against COVID-19.Therefore,the benefits of COVID-19 vaccine protection outweigh the risks.

mRNA疫苗结构设计和疾病防治应用进展

随着生物科学技术和制药工艺的进步,mRNA疫苗在抗击癌症和感染性疾病方面显示了巨大潜力。与传统疫苗相比,mRNA疫苗具有设计简单、生产速度快、安全性好、疗效高等优势,但也存在自身稳定性差、易被体内的核酸酶降解等难题。在新冠疫情背景下,mRNA疫苗进入了快速发展阶段,有效载体的开发、mRNA免疫原性的控制、工艺成本降低和体内运输稳定性及效率的提高等改进措施,使得mRNA疫苗的临床应用进入了一个崭新的阶段。本文将对mRNA疫苗的结构设计和疾病防治应用方面取得的进展进行综述。

mRNA疫苗预防病毒性传染病的研究现状

mRNA疫苗通过传递编码病原体蛋白的遗传信息信使RNA,激活人体免疫系统产生针对特定病原体的保护性免疫反应。mRNA疫苗的优势在于其快速研发、高度针对性以及可通过结构优化提供长效保护,为未来疫苗研发提供了革命性的新途径。目前,基于mRNA预防病毒传染病的疫苗已经应用于新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)、流感、狂犬病等。总结了mRNA疫苗的研发历程、结构特性以及作用机理,阐述了其在几种特定病毒性疾病中的应用情况、临床效果以及存在的局限性,提出了mRNA疫苗在应对病毒性传染病时所面临的机遇与挑战,并展望了其在未来病毒性传染病防控中的应用前景,以期为mRNA疫苗的研发和应用提供参考。

Drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction three months after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND A 70-year-old man with hepatitis C virus-related recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma was admitted for further diagnosis of a 1 cm iso-hyperechoic nodule in segment(S)5.CASE SUMMARY Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(EOB-MRI)revealed the nodule in S5 with a defect at the hepatobiliary phase,hyperintensity on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)map.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed hypervascularity at the early phase,and delayed contrast-enhancement was observed at the late phase.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(US)revealed incomplete defect at the late vascular phase.Inflammatory liver tumor,lymphoproliferative disease,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(small duct type)and bile duct adenoma were suspected through the imaging studies.US guided biopsy,however,showed a noncaseating hepatic sarcoid-like epithelioid granuloma(HSEG),and histopathological analysis disclosed spindle shaped epithelioid cells harboring Langhans-type multinucleated giant cells.One month after admission,EOB-MRI signaled the disappearance of the defect at the hepatobiliary phase,of hyperintensity on DWI,of hypointensity on ADC map,and no stain at the early phase.CONCLUSION That the patient had received BNT162b2 messenger RNA(mRNA)coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination 3 mo before the occurrence of HSEG,and that its disappearance was confirmed 4 mo after mRNA vaccination suggested that the drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction(DISR)might be induced by the mRNA vaccination.Fortunately,rechallenge of drug-induced DISR with the third mRNA vaccination was not confirmed.

“国际公共卫生紧急事件”下的mRNA疫苗研发

“国际公共卫生紧急事件”(简称PHEIC)是指疾病的国际传播对其他国家构成公共卫生风险,需要采取协调一致的国际应对措施的不同寻常事件。迄今为止,世界卫生组织(WHO)一共宣布了7次PHEIC,包括甲型H1N1流感、埃博拉、脊髓灰质炎、寨卡、新型冠状病毒感染和猴痘疫情。疫苗是应对传染病疫情的有力武器,合成生物学的发展突破了传统疫苗存在的难点问题和技术瓶颈,为病毒性传染病防控提供了全新的思路,尤其是mRNA疫苗作为下一代疫苗研发的平台技术,具有安全性强、有效性良好、研发周期短、易规模化生产、易扩大产能等特点,在应对新突发传染病疫情方面具有明显的优势。目前,新冠mRNA疫苗已正式获批上市,针对流感、寨卡和猴痘病毒的多款mRNA疫苗已进入临床研究阶段,埃博拉mRNA疫苗处于临床前研究阶段,而针对脊髓灰质炎病毒尚无mRNA疫苗研究的报道。本文就历次PHEIC应对中mRNA疫苗的研发进展进行了详细梳理和评述,同时对mRNA疫苗应对PHEIC的未来发展趋势和挑战进行了展望和讨论。结合合成生物学、生物化学和人工智能等多学科技术对mRNA分子设计、高效递送以及疫苗生产和储存运输等进行优化,有望进一步提高mRNA疫苗的有效性和可及性。综上,尽管尚无法预知下一次PHEIC何时会出现,但当下一次PHEIC出现时,mRNA疫苗技术一定会成为人类防范PHEIC的有力武器。

通用流感mRNA候选疫苗的构建及免疫效果评价

目的构建通用流感mRNA疫苗并全面评价其免疫保护效果。方法优化流感病毒株A/California/04/2009的血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)、核蛋白(nucleoprotein,NP)和基质蛋白2胞外区(matrix protein 2 ectodomain,M2e)抗原序列,并将HA、NP和3个串联的M2e(3M2e)分别克隆至pcDNA3.1载体,通过线性化、体外转录、酶学法加帽、酶促加尾合成mRNA,命名为mRNA-HA、mRNA-NP和mRNA-3M2e。3种mRNA分别转染293T细胞后,通过免疫荧光实验鉴定蛋白的表达。利用脂质纳米颗粒分别包裹mRNA-HA、mRNA-NP和mRNA-3M2e并测量其粒径和电位。再将3种mRNA等体积混合制备成Comb-mRNA疫苗。将28只6周雌性Balb/c小鼠(体质量为18~22 g)按简单随机分组法分为2组:LNP组(n=14)和Comb-mRNA组(n=14)。通过血凝抑制(hemagglutination inhibition,HI)、微量中和(microneutralization,MN)实验评价流感mRNA疫苗诱导小鼠产生的血清抗体滴度;通过流式细胞术评价Comb-mRNA疫苗诱导的细胞免疫反应。采用5LD_(50)野生型H1N1流感病毒株感染小鼠评价Comb-mRNA疫苗的免疫保护效果。结果成功构建mRNA-HA、mRNA-NP和mRNA-3M2e,且3种mRNA均能在293T细胞表达。脂质纳米颗粒包裹mRNA平均粒径为(119.53±6.5)nm,平均电位为(-8.23±1.3)mV。与LNP组比较,Comb-mRNA组疫苗的HI几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)达179.6,MN的GMT达201.6,同时诱导IFNγ+CD4+/CD8+T细胞比例升高。Comb-mRNA组在加强免疫后2周能够提供对5LD_(50)野生流感H1N1亚型病毒的保护。结论通用流感疫苗候选疫苗Comb-mRNA能够诱导小鼠免疫反应并保护小鼠免受病毒感染。

mRNA技术在疫苗领域的探索与实践

mRNA疫苗是将编码抗原的mRNA递送到人体细胞内,在细胞内翻译后产生相应的抗原蛋白,从而诱导机体产生有效的免疫反应。与传统疫苗相比,mRNA疫苗安全性好、研发周期短、免疫效力高,可以同时刺激细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应。随着核苷酸修饰技术和递送技术的发展,mRNA疫苗也迎来了广阔的应用前景。本文对mRNA技术及其在疫苗领域的应用进行综述,以期为正在或即将开展mRNA疫苗研发工作的学者提供理论和实践指导。

mRNA技术在动物疫病疫苗中的研究进展

随着mRNA技术在疫情防控、肿瘤治疗等领域的迅速发展,其在动物疫病疫苗研究方面也受到了广泛关注。mRNA疫苗具有研发周期短、安全性高以及高效激活免疫系统等特点,已成为当前疫苗研究领域的热点。本文概述了mRNA疫苗的类型及特点,总结了近年来mRNA技术在流感、狂犬病、蚊媒病毒病等人兽共患病,口蹄疫、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪伪狂犬病、猪流行腹泻、牛结节性皮肤病、非洲猪瘟等动物病毒病,以及结核病、弓形虫病等细菌病和寄生虫病疫苗研发方面的进展,同时提出了该技术面临的挑战,以期为我国动物疫病疫苗技术的发展提供帮助。