In this paper,the temperature dependence of birefringence in polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibres（PMPCFs） is investigated theoretically and experimentally.Utilizing the structural parameters of the PM-PC...In this paper,the temperature dependence of birefringence in polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibres（PMPCFs） is investigated theoretically and experimentally.Utilizing the structural parameters of the PM-PCF samples in the experiment,two effects leading to the birefringence variation under different temperatures are analysed,which are the thermal expansion of silica material and the refractive index variation due to the temperature variation.The actual birefringence variation of the PM-PCF is the combination of the two effects,which is in the order of 10-9 K-1 for both fibre samples.Calculation results also show that the influence of refractive index variation is the dominant contribution,which determines the tendency of the fibre birefringence variation with varying temperature.Then,the birefringence beat lengths of the two fibre samples are measured under the temperature,which varies from -40℃ to 80℃.A traditional PANDA-type polarization maintaining fibre（PMF） is also measured in the same way for comparison.The experimental results indicate that the birefringence variation of the PM-PCF due to temperature variation is far smaller than that of the traditional PMF,which agrees with the theoretical analysis.The ultra-low temperature dependence of the birefringence in the PM-PCF has great potential applications in temperature-insensitive fibre interferometers,fibre sensors,and fibre gyroscopes.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the incidence and rel ated factors of dysphagia in stroke patients.METHODS:Water drinking test were applied to 100patients who received continuously by neurology and rehabilitation department afte r...AIM:To investigate the incidence and rel ated factors of dysphagia in stroke patients.METHODS:Water drinking test were applied to 100patients who received continuously by neurology and rehabilitation department afte r their condition was stable.RESULTS:Dysphagia incidence of the 100cases of stroke patients was 33%.CONCLUSION:Analysis of related factors indi-cates that incidence of dysphagia has no relationship with sex,age,position of the lesion and complications,but sh ows correlation with status of consc ious-ness,cognitive skill,character of the lesion,position,course,exerc ise abili-ty,daily life activities,buccofac ial apraxia,speech apraxia and aphasia.展开更多
目的检索、评价并总结肿瘤患者免疫治疗相关胃肠道反应的预防及管理最佳证据,为临床提供参考。方法在国内外相关网站及数据库(UpToDate计算机决策支持系统、BMJ最佳临床实践、澳大利亚JBI网站、美国国立临床诊疗指南数据库、国际指南协...目的检索、评价并总结肿瘤患者免疫治疗相关胃肠道反应的预防及管理最佳证据,为临床提供参考。方法在国内外相关网站及数据库(UpToDate计算机决策支持系统、BMJ最佳临床实践、澳大利亚JBI网站、美国国立临床诊疗指南数据库、国际指南协作网、苏格兰院际指南网、世界肿瘤学网络、美国国家癌症综合网络、医脉通指南网,英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、美国医疗保健与研究质量局、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、多国癌症支持治疗协会、美国临床肿瘤学会、癌症免疫治疗协会等网站,以及Cochrane Library、Embase、CHINAL、Web of Science、OVID、PubMed、SinoMed、知网、万方、维普数据库等数据库)中,系统检索关于肿瘤患者免疫治疗胃肠道反应预防及管理的临床指南、最佳临床实践信息册、推荐实践、证据总结、专家共识、系统评价及相关原始研究。检索时限为建库2022年9月1日。由2名研究者独立进行文献质量评价和资料提取,在结合临床专业人员判断的基础上进行证据总结。结果共纳入17篇文献,包括6篇指南、1篇证据总结、3篇专家共识、3篇系统评价、1篇随机对照试验及3篇队列研究,围绕肿瘤患者免疫治疗相关胃肠道反应的预防及管理,汇总了胃肠道评估、危险因素、基线筛查、诊断检查、药物治疗、胃肠道护理、健康教育7个方面的23条最佳证据。结论该研究总结了肿瘤患者免疫治疗胃肠道反应预防及管理的最佳证据,为医护人员临床实践提供循证依据。展开更多
In this paper,we study spatial cross-sectional data models in the form of matrix exponential spatial specification(MESS),where MESS appears in both dependent and error terms.The empirical likelihood(EL)ratio statistic...In this paper,we study spatial cross-sectional data models in the form of matrix exponential spatial specification(MESS),where MESS appears in both dependent and error terms.The empirical likelihood(EL)ratio statistics are established for the parameters of the MESS model.It is shown that the limiting distributions of EL ratio statistics follow chi-square distributions,which are used to construct the confidence regions of model parameters.Simulation experiments are conducted to compare the performances of confidence regions based on EL method and normal approximation method.展开更多
目的通过运用证据图系统检索并梳理近6年中药注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)的临床研究,了解中药注射液治疗慢阻肺的研究现状和研究质量。方法通过检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万...目的通过运用证据图系统检索并梳理近6年中药注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)的临床研究,了解中药注射液治疗慢阻肺的研究现状和研究质量。方法通过检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)和中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)数据库里中药注射液治疗慢阻肺的相关文献,检索日期为2017年1月至2022年11月。采用图表结合文字的方式呈现并分析证据分布特征。最终纳入136篇临床研究文献,包括128篇干预性研究和8篇观察性研究。结果对纳入文献进行分析,共获得27种中药注射液,以痰热清注射液的使用频次最高,用药存在未经辨证论治或超说明书使用的情况。近年来发文量呈下降趋势,以单中心、小样本、短周期的临床试验居多,合并用药和结局指标种类较多,且文献质量普遍不高。结论需进一步规范临床用药与结局指标评定,充分发掘中医优势,提高随机对照试验研究的方法学质量,以便形成更多的高质量证据,为中药注射液治疗慢阻肺的有效性和安全性提供依据,促进中医药事业的发展。展开更多
This paper focuses on the connection between self-construal and social media about Chinese college students and explores how and what the connections are between independent self-construal or interdependent self-const...This paper focuses on the connection between self-construal and social media about Chinese college students and explores how and what the connections are between independent self-construal or interdependent self-construal and social media.The research begins at the differences of self-construal,and the connections between different self-construal.Based on the data analysis and interviews,five themes are developed.展开更多
文摘In this paper,the temperature dependence of birefringence in polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibres（PMPCFs） is investigated theoretically and experimentally.Utilizing the structural parameters of the PM-PCF samples in the experiment,two effects leading to the birefringence variation under different temperatures are analysed,which are the thermal expansion of silica material and the refractive index variation due to the temperature variation.The actual birefringence variation of the PM-PCF is the combination of the two effects,which is in the order of 10-9 K-1 for both fibre samples.Calculation results also show that the influence of refractive index variation is the dominant contribution,which determines the tendency of the fibre birefringence variation with varying temperature.Then,the birefringence beat lengths of the two fibre samples are measured under the temperature,which varies from -40℃ to 80℃.A traditional PANDA-type polarization maintaining fibre（PMF） is also measured in the same way for comparison.The experimental results indicate that the birefringence variation of the PM-PCF due to temperature variation is far smaller than that of the traditional PMF,which agrees with the theoretical analysis.The ultra-low temperature dependence of the birefringence in the PM-PCF has great potential applications in temperature-insensitive fibre interferometers,fibre sensors,and fibre gyroscopes.
文摘AIM:To investigate the incidence and rel ated factors of dysphagia in stroke patients.METHODS:Water drinking test were applied to 100patients who received continuously by neurology and rehabilitation department afte r their condition was stable.RESULTS:Dysphagia incidence of the 100cases of stroke patients was 33%.CONCLUSION:Analysis of related factors indi-cates that incidence of dysphagia has no relationship with sex,age,position of the lesion and complications,but sh ows correlation with status of consc ious-ness,cognitive skill,character of the lesion,position,course,exerc ise abili-ty,daily life activities,buccofac ial apraxia,speech apraxia and aphasia.
文摘目的检索、评价并总结肿瘤患者免疫治疗相关胃肠道反应的预防及管理最佳证据,为临床提供参考。方法在国内外相关网站及数据库(UpToDate计算机决策支持系统、BMJ最佳临床实践、澳大利亚JBI网站、美国国立临床诊疗指南数据库、国际指南协作网、苏格兰院际指南网、世界肿瘤学网络、美国国家癌症综合网络、医脉通指南网,英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、美国医疗保健与研究质量局、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、多国癌症支持治疗协会、美国临床肿瘤学会、癌症免疫治疗协会等网站,以及Cochrane Library、Embase、CHINAL、Web of Science、OVID、PubMed、SinoMed、知网、万方、维普数据库等数据库)中,系统检索关于肿瘤患者免疫治疗胃肠道反应预防及管理的临床指南、最佳临床实践信息册、推荐实践、证据总结、专家共识、系统评价及相关原始研究。检索时限为建库2022年9月1日。由2名研究者独立进行文献质量评价和资料提取,在结合临床专业人员判断的基础上进行证据总结。结果共纳入17篇文献,包括6篇指南、1篇证据总结、3篇专家共识、3篇系统评价、1篇随机对照试验及3篇队列研究,围绕肿瘤患者免疫治疗相关胃肠道反应的预防及管理,汇总了胃肠道评估、危险因素、基线筛查、诊断检查、药物治疗、胃肠道护理、健康教育7个方面的23条最佳证据。结论该研究总结了肿瘤患者免疫治疗胃肠道反应预防及管理的最佳证据,为医护人员临床实践提供循证依据。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12061017,12161009)the Research Fund of Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining&Security(22-A-01-01)。
文摘In this paper,we study spatial cross-sectional data models in the form of matrix exponential spatial specification(MESS),where MESS appears in both dependent and error terms.The empirical likelihood(EL)ratio statistics are established for the parameters of the MESS model.It is shown that the limiting distributions of EL ratio statistics follow chi-square distributions,which are used to construct the confidence regions of model parameters.Simulation experiments are conducted to compare the performances of confidence regions based on EL method and normal approximation method.
文摘目的通过运用证据图系统检索并梳理近6年中药注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)的临床研究,了解中药注射液治疗慢阻肺的研究现状和研究质量。方法通过检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)和中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)数据库里中药注射液治疗慢阻肺的相关文献,检索日期为2017年1月至2022年11月。采用图表结合文字的方式呈现并分析证据分布特征。最终纳入136篇临床研究文献,包括128篇干预性研究和8篇观察性研究。结果对纳入文献进行分析,共获得27种中药注射液,以痰热清注射液的使用频次最高,用药存在未经辨证论治或超说明书使用的情况。近年来发文量呈下降趋势,以单中心、小样本、短周期的临床试验居多,合并用药和结局指标种类较多,且文献质量普遍不高。结论需进一步规范临床用药与结局指标评定,充分发掘中医优势,提高随机对照试验研究的方法学质量,以便形成更多的高质量证据,为中药注射液治疗慢阻肺的有效性和安全性提供依据,促进中医药事业的发展。
文摘This paper focuses on the connection between self-construal and social media about Chinese college students and explores how and what the connections are between independent self-construal or interdependent self-construal and social media.The research begins at the differences of self-construal,and the connections between different self-construal.Based on the data analysis and interviews,five themes are developed.
