Cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery:An important underutilized treatment strategy

Physical inactivity remains in high levels after cardiac surgery,reaching up to 50%.Patients present a significant loss of functional capacity,with prominent muscle weakness after cardiac surgery due to anesthesia,surgical incision,duration of cardiopulmonary bypass,and mechanical ventilation that affects their quality of life.These complications,along with pulmonary complications after surgery,lead to extended intensive care unit(ICU)and hospital length of stay and significant mortality rates.Despite the well-known beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation,this treatment strategy still remains broadly underutilized in patients after cardiac surgery.Prehabilitation and ICU early mobilization have been both showed to be valid methods to improve exercise tolerance and muscle strength.Early mobilization should be adjusted to each patient’s functional capacity with progressive exercise training,from passive mobilization to more active range of motion and resistance exercises.Cardiopulmonary exercise testing remains the gold standard for exercise capacity assessment and optimal prescription of aerobic exercise intensity.During the last decade,recent advances in healthcare technology have changed cardiac rehabilitation perspectives,leading to the future of cardiac rehabilitation.By incorporating artificial intelligence,simulation,telemedicine and virtual cardiac rehabilitation,cardiac surgery patients may improve adherence and compliance,targeting to reduced hospital readmissions and decreased healthcare costs.

Latest updates on structure and recommendations of cardiac rehabilitation programs in chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure(HF)is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mor-tality worldwide.Cardiac rehabilitation(CR)is a medically supervised program designed to maintain or improve cardiovascular health of people living with HF,recommended by both American and European guidelines.A CR program con-sists of a multispecialty group including physicians,nurses,physiotherapists,trainers,nutritionists,and psychologists with the common purpose of improving functional capacity and quality of life of chronic HF patients.Physical activity,lifestyle,and psychological support are core components of a successful CR program.CR has been shown to be beneficial in all ejection fraction categories in HF and most patients,who are stable under medication,are capable of participating.An individualized exercise prescription should be developed on the basis of a baseline evaluation in all patients.The main modalities of exercise training are aerobic exercise and muscle strength training of different intensity and frequency.It is important to set the appropriate clinical outcomes from the beginning,in order to assess the effectiveness of a CR program.There are still significant limitations that prevent patients from participating in these programs and need to be solved.A significant limitation is the generally low quality of research in CR and the presence of negative trials,such as the rehabilitation after myocardial infarction trial,where comprehensive rehabilitation following myocardial infraction had no important effect on mortality,morbidity,risk factors,or health-related quality of life or activity.In the present editorial,we present all the updated knowledge and recommendations in CR programs.

Effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following cardiac stent implantation

BACKGROUND Coronary stent implantation is usually used to treat unstable angina to alleviate stenosis or occlusion,promoting blood flow restoration and alleviating symptoms such as myocardial ischemia.And postoperative cardiac rehabilitation is essential for enhancing recovery and prognosis.Nevertheless,conventional rehabilitation lacks specificity,particularly for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities and poor compliance,rendering it less effective.AIM To investigate the effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following coronary stenting intervention.METHODS A retrospective enrollment was conducted comprising fifty-four elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris who underwent systematic cardiac rehabilitation training after receiving coronary intervention as the rehabilitation group,while fifty-three elderly patients who received basic nursing and rehabilitation guidance measures after coronary intervention were assigned to the control group.Differences in Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores,survival quality(SF-36)scores,cardiopulmonary exercise function assessment index,echocardiographic cardiac function index,and adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After intervention,the rehabilitation group observed greater VO2 Max,maximum metabolic equivalent,eft ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and smaller left ventricular end-systolic diameter.And the rehabilitation group observed greater scores of physical activity limitation,stable angina pectoris,treatment satisfaction,and SF-36 score.The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the two groups,showed no significant difference.CONCLUSION Systematic cardiac rehabilitation following coronary stenting in elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris can enhance cardiac function recovery,consequently enhancing both quality of life and cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.

Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise therapy in the elderly： Should we invest in the aged？

Coronary heart disease （CHD） is the leading cause of death worldwide and becomes increasingly prevalent among patients aged 65 years and older.Elderly patients are at a higher risk for complications and accelerated physical deconditioning after a cardiovascular event,especially compared to their younger counterparts.The last few decades were privy to multiple studies that demonstrated the beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation （CR） and exercise therapy on mortality,exercise capacity,psychological risk factors,inflammation,and obesity among patients with CHD.Unfortunately,a significant portion of the available data in this field pertains to younger patients.A viable explanation is that older patients are grossly underrepresented in these programs for multiple reasons starting with the patient and extending to the physician.In this article,we will review the benefits of CR programs among the elderly,as well as some of the barriers that hinder their participation.

Effects of cardiac rehabilitation qigong exercise in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing phase Ⅲ rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial (with video)

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and safety of cardiac rehabilitation qigong exercise in stable coronary artery disease(CAD)patients undergoing phaseⅢrehabilitation.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial.A total of 59 stable CAD patients undergoing phaseⅢrehabilitation treated in Sports Medicine Hospital from March 2017 to September 2017 were enrolled after meeting the inclusion criteria and then divided into cardiac rehabilitation qigong exercise group(n=30)receiving a 12-week intervention and control group(n=29).All participants were assessed at baseline and at 12-week intervention for the primary outcome,that was treadmill test parameter and the secondary outcomes including physical fitness,body composition,bone mineral density,and cardiac ultrasound B-mode imaging.Results:There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the two groups.After a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation qigong exercise intervention,compared with the control group,ΔV02(initial 1352.63±340.95 vs 12 weeks 1594.57±467.14)vs(initial 1363.83±322.90 vs 12 weeks 1323.76±318.92)(P=.003),ΔVO2/kg(initial 21.23±3.56 vs 12 weeks 24.75±5.11)vs(initial 21.01±3.71 vs 12 weeks 20.35±3.66)(P=.002),ΔMETS(initial 6.19±1.12 vs 12 weeks 7.16±1.60)vs(initial 6.00±1.19 vs 12 weeks 5.86±1.23)(P=.001),ΔVO2/HR(P=.027),ΔSV(P=.014),ΔOUES(P=.012),Δhand-grip strength(P=.002),Δflexibility(P=.001),Δbalance(P=.002),ΔT-score(P=.042),ΔBQI(P=.018).However,Δresting systolic blood pressure(P=.004)andΔresting diastolic pressure(P=.012)decreased in the cardiac rehabilitation qigong exercise group.Conclusion:Cardiac rehabilitation qigong exercise can improve cardiopulmonary aerobic capacity,physical fitness,bone mineral density in patients with stable CAD,suggesting that certain effect and safety for stable CAD patients undergoing phaseⅢrehabilitation can be obtained.

Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Protocols on Physical Function in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: An Experience from a Resource Constraint Nation

Objective: This study investigated the effects of cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols on physical function (PF) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Study Design and Setting: This randomized controlled trial recruited 70 patients who are in stage II CHF with ejection fraction (≤40%) from a Nigerian university teaching hospital. They were randomly assigned into Exercise Group (EG: n = 35) or Control Group (CG: n = 35). Physical function, activity of daily living (ADL), distance walked in six minutes and grip strength were assessed using a validated ADL questionnaire, six minute walk test and a hand dynamometer respectively. In addition to medication, EG underwent aerobic and upper extremity resistance exercises thrice weekly for eight weeks while CG used medications only. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was at p p > 0.05). Significant improvements were noticed at fourth week among participants’ ADL (30.0% ± 6.0%), 6MWD (321.7 ± 26.3 m) and VO2 max (8.9 ± 0.4 mL/kg/min) variables within the exercise EG but no significant changes were observed in the CG (p > 0.05). Participants in EG demonstrated more significant improvements in ADL (15.0% ± 5.0%), 6MWD (406.0 ± 29.7 m) and VO2 max (10.3 ± 0.5 mL/kg/min) (p p > 0.05). Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation exercise protocols involving self-paced walking, sit-to-stand and upper extremity dynamic strength training improved activity of daily living, walking and functional capacity in patients with stable chronic heart failure.

Effect of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with adult congenital heart disease(ACHD)benefit from exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)short-and long-term with regard to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods:Cardiopulmonary exercise tests(CPET)completed by ACHD patients between January 2000 and October 2019 were analysed retrospectively.Linear mixed models were performed for peak oxygen consumption(VO_(2))with patients as random effect and age,sex,disease classification,preceding surgery(≤3 months)and preceding CR(≤4 weeks for short term and>4 weeks for long term)as fixed effects.Results:1056 CPETs of 311 ACHD patients with simple(7),moderate(188)or great(116)complexity heart defects were analysed.The 59 patients who completed a CR(median age 27 yrs,38%females)increased peak VO_(2)from before to after CR by a median of 2.7(IQR–0.6 to 5.5)ml/kg/min.However,in the multivariate mixed model,peak VO_(2)was non-significantly increased short-term after CR(β0.8,95%CI–0.7 to 2.4),not maintained long-term after CR(β0.0,95%CI–1.7 to 1.6)but significantly reduced after surgery(β–5.1,95%CI–7.1 to–3.1).The 20 CR patients after surgery increased their peak VO_(2)by 6.2(IQR 3.6–9.5)ml/kg/min,while the 39 CR patients without preceding surgery increased it by 0.9(IQR–1.5 to 3.1)ml/kg/min.Conclusions:The increase in peak VO_(2)with CR was mainly due to recovery from surgical intervention.The small independent benefit from CR was not maintained long-term,highlighting the potential to improve current CR concepts in ACHD populations.

Cardiac exercise rehabilitation for heart failure:a review of the literature

The most common symptom of patients with heart failure is reduced exercise tolerance,as indicated by decreased peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak),which is associated with both reduced quality of life and survival.Cardiac rehabilitation is a safe and effective treatment for clinically stable patients with heart failure,and is associated with improvements in cardiopulmonary function,muscle strength,physical functional performance,and quality of life.Further,cardiac rehabilitation is associated with a reduction in heart failure hospitalization and mortality.Despite evidence of these benefits,cardiac rehabilitation referral and compliance among patients with heart failure remains low.In this review,we discuss exercise and training program selection for patients with heart failure,including optimal exercise training intensity,and a summary of recent literature on the use of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure.

Exercise as a modality to improve heart transplantation-related functional impairments: An article review

Heart transplantation(HT),the treatment choice of advanced heart failure pa-tients,is proven effective in increasing the survival and functional status of the recipients.However,compared to normal controls,functional status is lower in HT recipients.Exercise given in cardiac rehabilitation has been shown to improve exercise capacity as measured with peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak)and muscle strength after completion of the program and cessation of exercise results in loss of exercise benefits.Several factors related to cardiac denervation and the use of immunosuppressive agents in HT recipients result in functional impairments including cardiovascular,pulmonary,exercise capacity,psychological,and qua-lity of life(QoL)problems.High-intensity interval training(HIIT)is the most common type of exercise used in HT recipients and given as a hospital-based program.Improvement of functional impairments was found to have occurred due to primarily musculoskeletal adaptations through improvement of muscle structure and aerobic capacity and cardiovascular adaptations.In general,exercise given after transplantation improved VO2 peak significantly and improvement was better in the HIIT group compared to moderate intensity continuous training or no-exercise groups.Improvement of QoL was ascribed to improve-ment of exercise capacity,symptoms,pulmonary function,physical capacity improve-ment,anxiety,and depression.

Phase Ⅰ of cardiac rehabilitation:A new challenge for evidence based physiotherapy

Cardiac rehabilitation protocols applied during the inhospital phase(phaseⅠ)are subjective and their results are contested when evaluated considering what should be the three basic principles of exercise prescription:specificity,overload and reversibility.In this review,we focus on the problems associated with the models of exercise prescription applied at this early stage in-hospital and adopted today,especially the lack of clinical studies demonstrating its effectiveness.Moreover,we present the concept of"periodization"as a useful tool in the search for better results.

Retrospective analysis of exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft

Objectives:To describe the current state of exercise capacity as well as to identify its predictors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in the mainland of China.Methods:A retrospective study design was employed.We evaluated 230 CAD patients following PCI or CABG in a cardiac rehabilitation center from January 2019 to October 2019.The patients were referred to undergo incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing with a cycle ergometer.The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to evaluate patients' mental health.Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test,Fisher's exact test,t-test,Mann-Whitney U test,and binary logistic regression.Results:Among the 230 patients,223 patients demonstrated reduced exercise capacity.Resutlts of the logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety (OR =1.13,95% CI 1.01-1.32,P =0.029) was an independent risk factor for reduced exercise capacity in patients following the PCI or CABG.Conclusions:Exercise capacity of Chinese CAD patients after PCI or CABG was relatively poor.Alleviating symptoms of anxiety and making exercise prescriptions according to the results of the cardiopulmonary exercise test should be considered during the intervention to improve CAD patients' exercise capacity.

Effects of exercise training on diastolic and systolic dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a complex syndrome characterized by a progressive reduction of the left ventricular(LV)contractility,low exercise tolerance,and increased mortality and morbidity.Diastolic dysfunction(DD)of the LV,is a keystone in the pathophysiology of CHF and plays a major role in the progression of most cardiac diseases.Also,it is well estimated that exercise training induces several beneficial effects on patients with CHF.AIM To evaluate the impact of a cardiac rehabilitation program on the DD and LV ejection fraction(EF)in patients with CHF.METHODS Thirty-two stable patients with CHF(age:56±10 years,EF:32%±8%,88%men)participated in an exercise rehabilitation program.They were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise(AER)or combined aerobic and strength training(COM),based on age and peak oxygen uptake,as stratified randomization criteria.Before and after the program,they underwent a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)and serial echocardiography evaluation to evaluate peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak),peak workload(Wpeak),DD grade,right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),and EF.RESULTS The whole cohort improved VO2peak,and Wpeak,as well as DD grade(P<0.05).Overall,9 patients(28.1%)improved DD grade,while 23(71.9%)remained at the same DD grade;this was a significant difference,considering DD grade at baseline(P<0.05).In addition,the whole cohort improved RVSP and EF(P<0.05).Not any between-group differences were observed in the variables assessed(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Exercise rehabilitation improves indices of diastolic and systolic dysfunction.Exercise protocol was not observed to affect outcomes.These results need to be further investigated in larger samples.

Exercise training in heart transplantation

Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure(HF).Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-service.Impaired vascular function and diastolic dysfunction cause lower cardiac output while decreased skeletal muscle oxidative fibers,enzymes and capillarity cause arteriovenous oxygen difference,leading thus to decreased peak oxygen uptake in heart transplant recipients.Exercise training improves exercise capacity,cardiac and vascular endothelial function in heart transplant recipients.Pre-rehabilitation regular aerobic or combined exercise is beneficial for patients with end-stage HF awaiting heart transplantation in order to maintain a higher fitness level and reduce complications afterwards like intensive care unit acquired weakness or cardiac cachexia.All hospitalized patients after heart transplantation should be referred to early mobilization of skeletal muscles through kinesiotherapy of the upper and lower limbs and respiratory physiotherapy in order to prevent infections of the respiratory system prior to hospital discharge.Moreover,all heart transplant recipients after hospital discharge who have not already participated in an early cardiac rehabilitation program should be referred to a rehabilitation center by their health care provider.Although high intensity interval training seems to have more benefits than moderate intensity continuous training,especially in stable transplant patients,individualized training based on the abilities and needs of each patient still remains the most appropriate approach.Cardiac rehabilitation appears to be safe in heart transplant patients.However,long-term follow-up data is incomplete and,therefore,further high quality and adequately-powered studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of exercise training in this population.

Influence of an Uncontrolled Strength and Aerobic Exercise on Clinical and Echocardiographic Parameters in a Patient Following Anterior Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac rehabilitation has been strongly recommended as a major therapeutic measure for coronary artery disease. Exercises, including resistance training, Ti-chi and yoga surprisingly show various and promising outcomes. We present an unusual case which certain aerobic techniques over a period of 5 weeks have improved a patient’s myocardial contractility and overall function after sustaining an anterior myocardial infarction.

社区规范管理稳定性冠心病患者运动耐量情况及其影响因素分析

背景稳定性冠心病(SCAD)患者冠状动脉硬化狭窄、斑块破裂形成血栓的风险高,再发心血管事件概率高,是反复住院的重要原因。发达国家通过运动康复为主的心脏康复使得本国心血管疾病的发生率、死亡率、再入院率明显下降,医疗费用降低。目的调查首都医科大学附属复兴医院月坛社区卫生服务中心规范管理SCAD患者运动耐量及其影响因素,为后期社区心脏康复提供科学依据。方法2020年1月,通过整群抽样在首都医科大学附属复兴医院月坛社区卫生服务中心卫生信息系统(CHIS)(医生工作站)选取规范管理、75岁以下SCAD患者980例,采用自行设计问卷[包括一般资料调查表、退伍军人特定活动问卷(VSAQ)等]对其进行调查。依据VSAQ测得的代谢当量(METs)值者分为运动耐量≤7.0 METs组和运动耐量>7.0 METs组,比较不同运动耐量SCAD患者临床资料的差异,采用Logistic回归分析探讨SCAD患者运动耐量的影响因素。结果980例SCAD患者中,运动耐量>7.0 METs者108例(11.0%),5.0~7.0 METs者619例(63.2%),<5.0 METs者253例(25.8%);运动耐量≤7.0METs组SCAD患者的性别、年龄、PCI术接受情况、糖尿病患病情况、血压达标情况、规律运动情况、运动强度水平、每次运动时间与运动耐量>7.0 METs组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、是否患有糖尿病、血压控制是否达标、是否规律运动、运动强度是SCAD患者运动耐量的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论SCAD患者有运动意识,但运动耐量整体水平较低(≤7.0 METs),缺乏运动指导,建议通过运动康复,提高运动耐量,从而改善其生活质量。

经皮冠状动脉介入术患者心脏康复锻炼自我效能现状及影响因素分析

目的 :评估经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者心脏康复锻炼自我效能水平并分析影响因素,为制定PCI患者心脏康复锻炼计划提供参考。方法 :采用便利抽样法,于2022年1月—10月选取北京市某三级甲等医院心内科收治的241例住院患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、心脏康复锻炼自我效能量表、急性心肌梗死患者心脏康复知识和态度问卷、家庭复原力评估量表收集数据。结果 :PCI患者心脏康复锻炼自我效能得分为(41.16±8.41)分。回归分析结果显示,心脏康复知识和态度总分、家庭复原力、冠心病病程、吸烟史、受教育程度、家庭月收入、直系亲属心肌梗死史是患者心脏康复锻炼自我效能的影响因素(P<0.05),可解释心脏康复锻炼自我效能变异的54.1%。结论 :PCI患者心脏康复锻炼自我效能欠佳,尤其是心脏康复知识和态度较差、家庭复原力水平较低、冠心病病程短、家庭人均月收入低、受教育程度较低、无吸烟史及无直系亲属心肌梗死史的患者,医护人员应重视对这类患者的心脏康复自我效能的干预。

急性心肌梗死患者心脏运动康复依从动机的质性研究

目的探究急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)行经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗患者心脏运动康复的依从动机,为提升患者运动康复参与及行为改变提供建议和依据。方法采用描述性质性研究,通过目的抽样法选取2021年7月至2022年1月在上海某三级甲等医院复诊的29例AMI患者进行半结构式深度访谈,其中18例来源于心脏康复中心、11例来源于随访门诊。采用内容分析法整理访谈资料。结果共提炼3个主题和9个亚主题:患者的运动体验(康复获益感、风险感知),患者的心理状态(悲观、恐惧、积极心态)和社会支持(家庭依恋及支持、专业指导及支持、同伴交流及支持、物理资源及支持)。结论护理人员应重视AMI行PCI治疗患者的运动体验、心理状态及社会支持情况,以提高患者心脏运动康复依从动机。

基于八段锦运动的Ⅱ期心脏康复运动处方对STEMI行PCI术后患者的影响

目的研究基于八段锦运动的Ⅱ期心脏康复运动处方对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后患者心功能、运动耐力及动脉僵硬度的影响。方法选取郑州市第七人民医院2020年2月至2023年2月122例STEMI行PCI术后患者采用随机数字表分组,对照组61例给予常规心脏康复,观察组61例应用基于八段锦运动的Ⅱ期心脏康复运动处方,3个月后,对比两组患者心功能、运动耐力、动脉僵硬度和不良心脏事件。结果观察组干预后,6 min步行距离(6MWD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平分别为(387.69±10.53)m、(61.01±5.44)%,均高于对照组(367.55±9.18)m、(57.45±6.06)%,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)水平为(58.70±0.97)mm低于对照组(59.59±1.05)mm(P<0.05);观察组干预后,踝肱指数(ABI)水平为(0.94±0.09)高于对照组(0.89±0.10),臂踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、颈股脉搏波传导速度(cfPWV)水平分别为(1.75±0.27)m/s、(7.59±0.53)m/s,均低于对照组(1.94±0.35)m/s、(8.01±0.68)m/s(P<0.05);观察组干预后,峰值功率(PP)、运动持续时间(ED)、峰值摄氧量(peak VO2)和无氧阈值(AT)水平分别为(93.01±9.44)W、(449.30±22.87)s、(19.69±3.73)mL/(kg·min)、(14.20±1.86)mL/(kg·min),均高于对照组(83.45±9.06)W、(412.59±23.45)s、(17.55±3.58)mL/(kg·min)、(13.15±2.05)mL/(kg·min)(P<0.05);观察组心脏不良事件发生率3.28%(2/61)低于对照组4.92%(3/61),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于八段锦运动的Ⅱ期心脏康复运动处方对STEMI行PCI术后患者效果显著,能够有效增强患者心功能和运动耐力,降低动脉僵硬度,安全性高。

心肌收缩力调节器治疗扩心病合并心力衰竭1例的围手术期护理体会

本文总结1例心肌收缩力调节器(CCM)治疗扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者的围手术期护理经验。术前给予针对性评估,全面掌握患者生活自理、危险因素、心理情况,并制订针对性护理方案;术后加强病情观察、伤口护理和并发症预防;出院前给予健康宣教,指导康复运动,提升患者对CCM和疾病的自我管理能力,提高患者生活质量,积极预防疾病复发。

《成人肥厚型心肌病康复和运动管理中国专家共识》要点解读

肥厚型心肌病是临床上常见的一种常染色体显性遗传相关的心肌病,其以心肌肥厚为主要特征,可导致恶性心律失常、心力衰竭等并发症,是运动性猝死的首要病因。为规范成人肥厚型心肌病的康复和运动管理,国内多学科权威专家联合发布《成人肥厚型心肌病康复和运动管理中国专家共识》。本文结合肥厚型心肌病运动康复的最新研究进展和临床实践,从疾病的分型、药物治疗、手术治疗、综合康复、家族成员管理和生活方式管理等方面对该共识的要点进行解读。