Improved YOLOv8n Model for Detecting Helmets and License Plates on Electric Bicycles

Wearing helmetswhile riding electric bicycles can significantly reduce head injuries resulting fromtraffic accidents.To effectively monitor compliance,the utilization of target detection algorithms through traffic cameras plays a vital role in identifying helmet usage by electric bicycle riders and recognizing license plates on electric bicycles.However,manual enforcement by traffic police is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Traditional methods face challenges in accurately identifying small targets such as helmets and license plates using deep learning techniques.This paper proposes an enhanced model for detecting helmets and license plates on electric bicycles,addressing these challenges.The proposedmodel improves uponYOLOv8n by deepening the network structure,incorporating weighted connections,and introducing lightweight convolutional modules.These modifications aim to enhance the precision of small target recognition while reducing the model’s parameters,making it suitable for deployment on low-performance devices in real traffic scenarios.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an mAP@0.5 of 91.8%,showing an 11.5%improvement over the baselinemodel,with a 16.2%reduction in parameters.Additionally,themodel achieves a frames per second(FPS)rate of 58,meeting the accuracy and speed requirements for detection in actual traffic scenarios.

Securing Cloud-Encrypted Data:Detecting Ransomware-as-a-Service(RaaS)Attacks through Deep Learning Ensemble

Data security assurance is crucial due to the increasing prevalence of cloud computing and its widespread use across different industries,especially in light of the growing number of cybersecurity threats.A major and everpresent threat is Ransomware-as-a-Service(RaaS)assaults,which enable even individuals with minimal technical knowledge to conduct ransomware operations.This study provides a new approach for RaaS attack detection which uses an ensemble of deep learning models.For this purpose,the network intrusion detection dataset“UNSWNB15”from the Intelligent Security Group of the University of New South Wales,Australia is analyzed.In the initial phase,the rectified linear unit-,scaled exponential linear unit-,and exponential linear unit-based three separate Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)models are developed.Later,using the combined predictive power of these three MLPs,the RansoDetect Fusion ensemble model is introduced in the suggested methodology.The proposed ensemble technique outperforms previous studieswith impressive performance metrics results,including 98.79%accuracy and recall,98.85%precision,and 98.80%F1-score.The empirical results of this study validate the ensemble model’s ability to improve cybersecurity defenses by showing that it outperforms individual MLPmodels.In expanding the field of cybersecurity strategy,this research highlights the significance of combined deep learning models in strengthening intrusion detection systems against sophisticated cyber threats.

Detecting XSS with Random Forest and Multi-Channel Feature Extraction

In the era of the Internet,widely used web applications have become the target of hacker attacks because they contain a large amount of personal information.Among these vulnerabilities,stealing private data through crosssite scripting(XSS)attacks is one of the most commonly used attacks by hackers.Currently,deep learning-based XSS attack detection methods have good application prospects;however,they suffer from problems such as being prone to overfitting,a high false alarm rate,and low accuracy.To address these issues,we propose a multi-stage feature extraction and fusion model for XSS detection based on Random Forest feature enhancement.The model utilizes RandomForests to capture the intrinsic structure and patterns of the data by extracting leaf node indices as features,which are subsequentlymergedwith the original data features to forma feature setwith richer information content.Further feature extraction is conducted through three parallel channels.Channel I utilizes parallel onedimensional convolutional layers(1Dconvolutional layers)with different convolutional kernel sizes to extract local features at different scales and performmulti-scale feature fusion;Channel II employsmaximum one-dimensional pooling layers(max 1D pooling layers)of various sizes to extract key features from the data;and Channel III extracts global information bi-directionally using a Bi-Directional Long-Short TermMemory Network(Bi-LSTM)and incorporates a multi-head attention mechanism to enhance global features.Finally,effective classification and prediction of XSS are performed by fusing the features of the three channels.To test the effectiveness of the model,we conduct experiments on six datasets.We achieve an accuracy of 100%on the UNSW-NB15 dataset and 99.99%on the CICIDS2017 dataset,which is higher than that of the existing models.

Method for Detecting Industrial Defects in Intelligent Manufacturing Using Deep Learning

With the advent of Industry 4.0,marked by a surge in intelligent manufacturing,advanced sensors embedded in smart factories now enable extensive data collection on equipment operation.The analysis of such data is pivotal for ensuring production safety,a critical factor in monitoring the health status of manufacturing apparatus.Conventional defect detection techniques,typically limited to specific scenarios,often require manual feature extraction,leading to inefficiencies and limited versatility in the overall process.Our research presents an intelligent defect detection methodology that leverages deep learning techniques to automate feature extraction and defect localization processes.Our proposed approach encompasses a suite of components:the high-level feature learning block(HLFLB),the multi-scale feature learning block(MSFLB),and a dynamic adaptive fusion block(DAFB),working in tandem to extract meticulously and synergistically aggregate defect-related characteristics across various scales and hierarchical levels.We have conducted validation of the proposed method using datasets derived from gearbox and bearing assessments.The empirical outcomes underscore the superior defect detection capability of our approach.It demonstrates consistently high performance across diverse datasets and possesses the accuracy required to categorize defects,taking into account their specific locations and the extent of damage,proving the method’s effectiveness and reliability in identifying defects in industrial components.

A Model for Detecting Fake News by Integrating Domain-Specific Emotional and Semantic Features

With the rapid spread of Internet information and the spread of fake news,the detection of fake news becomes more and more important.Traditional detection methods often rely on a single emotional or semantic feature to identify fake news,but these methods have limitations when dealing with news in specific domains.In order to solve the problem of weak feature correlation between data from different domains,a model for detecting fake news by integrating domain-specific emotional and semantic features is proposed.This method makes full use of the attention mechanism,grasps the correlation between different features,and effectively improves the effect of feature fusion.The algorithm first extracts the semantic features of news text through the Bi-LSTM(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory)layer to capture the contextual relevance of news text.Senta-BiLSTM is then used to extract emotional features and predict the probability of positive and negative emotions in the text.It then uses domain features as an enhancement feature and attention mechanism to fully capture more fine-grained emotional features associated with that domain.Finally,the fusion features are taken as the input of the fake news detection classifier,combined with the multi-task representation of information,and the MLP and Softmax functions are used for classification.The experimental results show that on the Chinese dataset Weibo21,the F1 value of this model is 0.958,4.9% higher than that of the sub-optimal model;on the English dataset FakeNewsNet,the F1 value of the detection result of this model is 0.845,1.8% higher than that of the sub-optimal model,which is advanced and feasible.

A Method for Detecting and Recognizing Yi Character Based on Deep Learning

Aiming at the challenges associated with the absence of a labeled dataset for Yi characters and the complexity of Yi character detection and recognition,we present a deep learning-based approach for Yi character detection and recognition.In the detection stage,an improved Differentiable Binarization Network(DBNet)framework is introduced to detect Yi characters,in which the Omni-dimensional Dynamic Convolution(ODConv)is combined with the ResNet-18 feature extraction module to obtain multi-dimensional complementary features,thereby improving the accuracy of Yi character detection.Then,the feature pyramid network fusion module is used to further extract Yi character image features,improving target recognition at different scales.Further,the previously generated feature map is passed through a head network to produce two maps:a probability map and an adaptive threshold map of the same size as the original map.These maps are then subjected to a differentiable binarization process,resulting in an approximate binarization map.This map helps to identify the boundaries of the text boxes.Finally,the text detection box is generated after the post-processing stage.In the recognition stage,an improved lightweight MobileNetV3 framework is used to recognize the detect character regions,where the original Squeeze-and-Excitation(SE)block is replaced by the efficient Shuffle Attention(SA)that integrates spatial and channel attention,improving the accuracy of Yi characters recognition.Meanwhile,the use of depth separable convolution and reversible residual structure can reduce the number of parameters and computation of the model,so that the model can better understand the contextual information and improve the accuracy of text recognition.The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method achieves good results in detecting and recognizing Yi characters,with detection and recognition accuracy rates of 97.5%and 96.8%,respectively.And also,we have compared the detection and recognition algorithms proposed in this paper with other typical algorithms.In these comparisons,the proposed model achieves better detection and recognition results with a certain reliability.

Detecting Malicious Uniform Resource Locators Using an Applied Intelligence Framework

The potential of text analytics is revealed by Machine Learning(ML)and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques.In this paper,we propose an NLP framework that is applied to multiple datasets to detect malicious Uniform Resource Locators(URLs).Three categories of features,both ML and Deep Learning(DL)algorithms and a ranking schema are included in the proposed framework.We apply frequency and prediction-based embeddings,such as hash vectorizer,Term Frequency-Inverse Dense Frequency(TF-IDF)and predictors,word to vector-word2vec(continuous bag of words,skip-gram)from Google,to extract features from text.Further,we apply more state-of-the-art methods to create vectorized features,such as GloVe.Additionally,feature engineering that is specific to URL structure is deployed to detect scams and other threats.For framework assessment,four ranking indicators are weighted:computational time and performance as accuracy,F1 score and type error II.For the computational time,we propose a new metric-Feature Building Time(FBT)as the cutting-edge feature builders(like doc2vec or GloVe)require more time.By applying the proposed assessment step,the skip-gram algorithm of word2vec surpasses other feature builders in performance.Additionally,eXtreme Gradient Boost(XGB)outperforms other classifiers.With this setup,we attain an accuracy of 99.5%and an F1 score of 0.99.

Standard-definition White-light,High-definition White-light versus Narrow-band Imaging Endoscopy for Detecting Colorectal Adenomas:A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy(SD-WL),high-definition white-light endoscopy(HD-WL),and high-definition narrow-band imaging(HD-NBI)in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population.Methods This was a multicenter,single-blind,randomized,controlled trial with a non-inferiority design.Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination,screening,and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020.The primary outcome measure was the adenoma detection rate(ADR),defined as the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma detected.The associated factors for detecting adenomas were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Out of 653 eligible patients enrolled,data from 596 patients were analyzed.The ADRs were 34.5%in the SD-WL group,33.5%in the HD-WL group,and 37.5%in the HD-NBI group(P=0.72).The advanced neoplasm detection rates(ANDRs)in the three arms were 17.1%,15.5%,and 10.4%(P=0.17).No significant differences were found between the SD group and HD group regarding ADR or ANDR(ADR:34.5%vs.35.6%,P=0.79;ANDR:17.1%vs.13.0%,P=0.16,respectively).Similar results were observed between the HD-WL group and HD-NBI group(ADR:33.5%vs.37.7%,P=0.45;ANDR:15.5%vs.10.4%,P=0.18,respectively).In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses,neither HD-WL nor HD-NBI led to a significant difference in overall adenoma detection compared to SD-WL(HD-WL:OR 0.91,P=0.69;HD-NBI:OR 1.15,P=0.80).Conclusion HD-NBI and HD-WL are comparable to SD-WL for overall adenoma detection among Chinese outpatients.It can be concluded that HD-NBI or HD-WL is not superior to SD-WL,but more effective instruction may be needed to guide the selection of different endoscopic methods in the future.Our study’s conclusions may aid in the efficient allocation and utilization of limited colonoscopy resources,especially advanced imaging technologies.

A proposal for detecting weak electromagnetic waves around 2.6μm wavelength with Sr optical clock

Infrared signal detection is widely used in many fields.Due to the detection principle,however,the accuracy and range of detection are limited.Thanks to the ultra stability of the^(87)Sr optical lattice clock,external infrared electromagnetic wave disturbances can be responded to.Utilizing the ac Stark shift of the clock transition,we propose a new method to detect infrared signals.According to our calculations,the theoretical detection accuracy in the vicinity of its resonance band of 2.6μm can reach the order of 10-14W,while the minimum detectable signal of common detectors is on the order of 10^(-10)W.

Improved Mechanism for Detecting Examinations Impersonations in Public Higher Learning Institutions: Case of the Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy (MNMA)

Currently, most public higher learning institutions in Tanzania rely on traditional in-class examinations, requiring students to register and present identification documents for examinations eligibility verification. This system, however, is prone to impersonations due to security vulnerabilities in current students’ verification system. These vulnerabilities include weak authentication, lack of encryption, and inadequate anti-counterfeiting measures. Additionally, advanced printing technologies and online marketplaces which claim to produce convincing fake identification documents make it easy to create convincing fake identity documents. The Improved Mechanism for Detecting Impersonations (IMDIs) system detects impersonations in in-class exams by integrating QR codes and dynamic question generation based on student profiles. It consists of a mobile verification app, built with Flutter and communicating via RESTful APIs, and a web system, developed with Laravel using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The two components communicate through APIs, with MySQL managing the database. The mobile app and web server interact to ensure efficient verification and security during examinations. The implemented IMDIs system was validated by a mobile application which is integrated with a QR codes scanner for capturing codes embedded in student Identity Cards and linking them to a dynamic question generation model. The QG model uses natural language processing (NLP) algorithm and Question Generation (QG) techniques to create dynamic profile questions. Results show that the IMDIs system could generate four challenging profile-based questions within two seconds, allowing the verification of 200 students in 33 minutes by one operator. The IMDIs system also tracks exam-eligible students, aiding in exam attendance and integrates with a Short Message Service (SMS) to report impersonation incidents to a dedicated security officer in real-time. The IMDIs system was tested and found to be 98% secure, 100% convenient, with a 0% false rejection rate and a 2% false acceptance rate, demonstrating its security, reliability, and high performance.

基于改进Detection Transformer的棉花幼苗与杂草检测模型研究

基于深度学习的目标检测技术在棉花幼苗与杂草检测领域已取得一定进展。论文提出了基于改进Detection Transformer的棉花幼苗与杂草检测模型,以提高杂草目标检测的准确率和效率。首先,引入了可变形注意力模块替代原始模型中的Transformer注意力模块,提高模型对特征图目标形变的处理能力。提出新的降噪训练机制,解决了二分图匹配不稳定问题。提出混合查询选择策略,提高解码器对目标类别和位置信息的利用效率。使用Swin Transformer作为网络主干,提高模型特征提取能力。通过对比原网络,论文提出的模型方法在训练过程中表现出更快的收敛速度,并且在准确率方面提高了6.7%。

Detecting the backfill pipeline blockage and leakage through an LSTM-based deep learning model

Detecting a pipeline's abnormal status,which is typically a blockage and leakage accident,is important for the continuity and safety of mine backfill.The pipeline system for gravity-transport high-density backfill(GHB)is complex.Specifically designed,efficient,and accurate abnormal pipeline detection methods for GHB are rare.This work presents a long short-term memory-based deep learning(LSTM-DL)model for GHB pipeline blockage and leakage diagnosis.First,an industrial pipeline monitoring system was introduced using pressure and flow sensors.Second,blockage and leakage field experiments were designed to solve the problem of negative sample deficiency.The pipeline's statistical characteristics with different working statuses were analyzed to show their complexity.Third,the architecture of the LSTM-DL model was elaborated on and evaluated.Finally,the LSTM-DL model was compared with state-of-the-art(SOTA)learning algorithms.The results show that the backfilling cycle comprises multiple working phases and is intermittent.Although pressure and flow signals fluctuate stably in a normal cycle,their values are diverse in different cycles.Plugging causes a sudden change in interval signal features;leakage results in long variation duration and a wide fluctuation range.Among the SOTA models,the LSTM-DL model has the highest detection accuracy of98.31%for all states and the lowest misjudgment or false positive rate of 3.21%for blockage and leakage states.The proposed model can accurately recognize various pipeline statuses of complex GHB systems.

An Efficient Unsupervised Learning Approach for Detecting Anomaly in Cloud

The Cloud system shows its growing functionalities in various industrial applications.The safety towards data transfer seems to be a threat where Network Intrusion Detection System(NIDS)is measured as an essential element to fulfill security.Recently,Machine Learning(ML)approaches have been used for the construction of intellectual IDS.Most IDS are based on ML techniques either as unsupervised or supervised.In supervised learning,NIDS is based on labeled data where it reduces the efficiency of the reduced model to identify attack patterns.Similarly,the unsupervised model fails to provide a satisfactory outcome.Hence,to boost the functionality of unsupervised learning,an effectual auto-encoder is applied for feature selection to select good features.Finally,the Naïve Bayes classifier is used for classification purposes.This approach exposes the finest generalization ability to train the data.The unlabelled data is also used for adoption towards data analysis.Here,redundant and noisy samples over the dataset are eliminated.To validate the robustness and efficiency of NIDS,the anticipated model is tested over the NSL-KDD dataset.The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the anticipated approach attains superior accuracy with 93%,which is higher compared to J48,AB tree,Random Forest(RF),Regression Tree(RT),Multi-Layer Perceptrons(MLP),Support Vector Machine(SVM),and Fuzzy.Similarly,False Alarm Rate(FAR)and True Positive Rate(TPR)of Naive Bayes(NB)is 0.3 and 0.99,respectively.When compared to prevailing techniques,the anticipated approach also delivers promising outcomes.

Detecting While Accessing:A Semi-Supervised Learning-Based Approach for Malicious Traffic Detection in Internet of Things

In the upcoming large-scale Internet of Things(Io T),it is increasingly challenging to defend against malicious traffic,due to the heterogeneity of Io T devices and the diversity of Io T communication protocols.In this paper,we propose a semi-supervised learning-based approach to detect malicious traffic at the access side.It overcomes the resource-bottleneck problem of traditional malicious traffic defenders which are deployed at the victim side,and also is free of labeled traffic data in model training.Specifically,we design a coarse-grained behavior model of Io T devices by self-supervised learning with unlabeled traffic data.Then,we fine-tune this model to improve its accuracy in malicious traffic detection by adopting a transfer learning method using a small amount of labeled data.Experimental results show that our method can achieve the accuracy of 99.52%and the F1-score of 99.52%with only 1%of the labeled training data based on the CICDDoS2019 dataset.Moreover,our method outperforms the stateof-the-art supervised learning-based methods in terms of accuracy,precision,recall and F1-score with 1%of the training data.

Esophageal cancer screening,early detection and treatment:Current insights and future directions

Esophageal cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally,primarily due to its highly aggressive nature and poor survival rates.According to the 2020 global cancer statistics,there were approximately 604000 new cases of esophageal cancer,resulting in 544000 deaths.The 5-year survival rate hovers around a mere 15%-25%.Notably,distinct variations exist in the risk factors associated with the two primary histological types,influencing their worldwide incidence and distribution.Squamous cell carcinoma displays a high incidence in specific regions,such as certain areas in China,where it meets the cost-effect-iveness criteria for widespread endoscopy-based early diagnosis within the local population.Conversely,adenocarcinoma(EAC)represents the most common histological subtype of esophageal cancer in Europe and the United States.The role of early diagnosis in cases of EAC originating from Barrett's esophagus(BE)remains a subject of controversy.The effectiveness of early detection for EAC,particularly those arising from BE,continues to be a debated topic.The variations in how early-stage esophageal carcinoma is treated in different regions are largely due to the differing rates of early-stage cancer diagnoses.In areas with higher incidences,such as China and Japan,early diagnosis is more common,which has led to the advancement of endoscopic methods as definitive treatments.These techniques have demonstrated remarkable efficacy with minimal complications while preserving esophageal functionality.Early screening,prompt diagnosis,and timely treatment are key strategies that can significantly lower both the occurrence and death rates associated with esophageal cancer.

YOLO-DD:Improved YOLOv5 for Defect Detection

As computer technology continues to advance,factories have increasingly higher demands for detecting defects.However,detecting defects in a plant environment remains a challenging task due to the presence of complex backgrounds and defects of varying shapes and sizes.To address this issue,this paper proposes YOLO-DD,a defect detectionmodel based on YOLOv5 that is effective and robust.To improve the feature extraction process and better capture global information,the vanilla YOLOv5 is augmented with a new module called Relative-Distance-Aware Transformer(RDAT).Additionally,an Information Gap Filling Strategy(IGFS)is proposed to improve the fusion of features at different scales.The classic lightweight attention mechanism Squeeze-and-Excitation(SE)module is also incorporated into the neck section to enhance feature expression and improve the model’s performance.Experimental results on the NEU-DET dataset demonstrate that YOLO-DDachieves competitive results compared to state-of-the-art methods,with a 2.0% increase in accuracy compared to the original YOLOv5,achieving 82.41% accuracy and38.25FPS(framesper second).Themodel is also testedon a self-constructed fabric defect dataset,and the results show that YOLO-DD is more stable and has higher accuracy than the original YOLOv5,demonstrating its stability and generalization ability.The high efficiency of YOLO-DD enables it to meet the requirements of industrial high accuracy and real-time detection.

Detection of Turbulence Anomalies Using a Symbolic Classifier Algorithm in Airborne Quick Access Record(QAR)Data Analysis

As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.

Enhancing Dense Small Object Detection in UAV Images Based on Hybrid Transformer

Transformer-based models have facilitated significant advances in object detection.However,their extensive computational consumption and suboptimal detection of dense small objects curtail their applicability in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery.Addressing these limitations,we propose a hybrid transformer-based detector,H-DETR,and enhance it for dense small objects,leading to an accurate and efficient model.Firstly,we introduce a hybrid transformer encoder,which integrates a convolutional neural network-based cross-scale fusion module with the original encoder to handle multi-scale feature sequences more efficiently.Furthermore,we propose two novel strategies to enhance detection performance without incurring additional inference computation.Query filter is designed to cope with the dense clustering inherent in drone-captured images by counteracting similar queries with a training-aware non-maximum suppression.Adversarial denoising learning is a novel enhancement method inspired by adversarial learning,which improves the detection of numerous small targets by counteracting the effects of artificial spatial and semantic noise.Extensive experiments on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets substantiate the effectiveness of our approach,achieving a significant improvement in accuracy with a reduction in computational complexity.Our method achieves 31.9%and 21.1%AP on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets,respectively,and has a faster inference speed,making it a competitive model in UAV image object detection.

A Fluorescent Probe based on a Carbazole Derivative for Detecting Brilliant Blue in Food

Here a fluorescent probe based on a carbazole derivative(CNS)was developed to increase the detection range and reduce the detection limit of brilliant blue.Characteristics of CNS are studied.Due to the quenching ability of colorants,CNS shows an excellent current response to brilliant blue(from 1 to 10μM)with a detection limit of 2.7×10^(-8)mol/L(3σ/k)in the conditions of a 1:1 volume ratio of water to tetrahydrofuran.And the stability and reproducibility of CNS in the detection of actual samples indicate great potential for application.

An Intelligent SDN-IoT Enabled Intrusion Detection System for Healthcare Systems Using a Hybrid Deep Learning and Machine Learning Approach

The advent of pandemics such as COVID-19 significantly impacts human behaviour and lives every day.Therefore,it is essential to make medical services connected to internet,available in every remote location during these situations.Also,the security issues in the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)used in these service,make the situation even more critical because cyberattacks on the medical devices might cause treatment delays or clinical failures.Hence,services in the healthcare ecosystem need rapid,uninterrupted,and secure facilities.The solution provided in this research addresses security concerns and services availability for patients with critical health in remote areas.This research aims to develop an intelligent Software Defined Networks(SDNs)enabled secure framework for IoT healthcare ecosystem.We propose a hybrid of machine learning and deep learning techniques(DNN+SVM)to identify network intrusions in the sensor-based healthcare data.In addition,this system can efficiently monitor connected devices and suspicious behaviours.Finally,we evaluate the performance of our proposed framework using various performance metrics based on the healthcare application scenarios.the experimental results show that the proposed approach effectively detects and mitigates attacks in the SDN-enabled IoT networks and performs better that other state-of-art-approaches.