Psychiatrists’occupational stigma conceptualization,measurement,and intervention:A literature review

Psychiatrists require frequent contact with and treatment of patients with mental illnesses.Due to the influence of associative stigma,psychiatrists may also be targets of stigma.Occupational stigma warrants special consideration because it significantly affects psychiatrists'career advancement,well-being,and their patients’health.Given that there is no complete summary of this issue,this study reviewed the existing literature on psychiatrists'occupational stigma to clearly synthesize its concepts,measurement tools,and intervention strategies.Herein,we emphasize that psychiatrists’occupational stigma is a multifaceted concept that simultaneously encompasses physically,socially,and morally tainted aspects.Currently,standardized methods to specifically measure psychiatrists’occupational stigma are lacking.Interventions for psychiatrists’occupational stigma may consider the use of protest,contact,education,comprehensive and systematic methods,as well as the use of psychotherapeutic approaches.This review provides a theoretical basis for the development of relevant measurement tools and intervention practices.Overall,this review seeks to raise public awareness of psychiatrists'occupational stigma,thereby promoting psychiatric professionalism and reducing its stigma.

Impact of Nursing Interventions Based on Self- Efficacy Theory on HAMA and HAMD Scores in Patients with Hepatitis B Cirrhosis

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing interventions based on self-efficacy theory guidance on psychological stress indicators in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:70 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis from October 2023 to May 2024 were selected and grouped by random number table.The observation group received nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory,while the control group received routine nursing.The differences in psychological stress indicators,self-efficacy indicators,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale(CDSES)scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);and nursing satisfaction scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Hepatitis B cirrhosis patients receiving nursing care based on self-efficacy theory can stimulate patients'self-efficacy,calm their emotions,and their overall satisfaction is high.

Government Intervention Measures Effectively Control COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan,China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak has been brought under control through a nationwide effort,and now it has become a global pandemic and the situation seems grim.We summarized the measures taken in Wuhan and analyzed the effects to comprehensively describe the factors involved in controlling the COVID-19 in China.In China,several measures such as the lockdown of Wuhan,restriction of traffic and communities,increasing hospital beds,nationwide support from medical staff,epidemic prevention equipment and supplies,and establishment of makeshift shelter hospitals have been taken.The lockdown of Wuhan reduced the propagation of cases to other cities in Hubei province and throughout China,traffic and community restrictions reduced the flow of population and the spread of disease,increasing wards and beds and medical personnel reduced the incidence of severe cases and mortality,the establishment of the Fangcang shelter hospitals provided a good isolation and monitoring environment,and further reduced the spread and fatality of the disease.The fact that China was able to control the spread of COVID-19 within three months without a specific drug or vaccine suggests that these measures are more adequate and effective.

Analysis on psychological disorder and related factors in 98 patients with cancer and intervention measures thereon

Objective： The aim of this study was to analyze factors of psychological disorder experienced by 98 cancer patients and to probe into intervention measures in accordance with the corresponding bad psychological factors. Methods： A questionnaire survey was conducted in the test group （n = 98） by filling out a symptom checklist 90 （SCL-90）. And then the survey result was compared with the normal group （n = 1388） contained in relevant references. Results： Except for hostile factor that was similar to normal level （P 〉 0.05）, other 8 factors were higher than in normal group （P 〈 0.01）. And the cancer patients were classified with the survey results. Conclusion： Compared with normal persons, cancer patients have more psychological problems and related intervention measures are sought necessarily to improve the quality of life, to advance the immune function and to prolong the survival time of patients.

Current Situation and Mental Health and Intervention Measures of Left-behind Children

In the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China,it proposed of improving distribution and form of urbanization and strengthening urbanization management. With acceleration of the urbanization,numerous rural labors flow to cities,and the number of left-behind children becomes increasingly large,which not only increases burden of family and education,but also gives rise to many mental problems. Due to lack of family education,many left-behind children have mental,emotional and ethical disorder and problem,which creates hidden trouble for building a harmonious society and economic development. This paper analyzed current situation and factors influencing mental health of left-behind children,including family environment,grandparent upbringing,and school environment. Finally,it came up with pertinent intervention measures from changing ideas of parents,improving the relationship between parents and children,and improving mental health education of schools.

Application of Intervention Measures in English Teaching

Students often have problems of one kind or another in the process of learning English.How to solve these problems has always been an important topic in the education field.This paper starts with the analysis of the characteristics of students'learning failure,and then puts forward the preconditions of effective interventions,and finally gives specific interventions.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided vascular interventions: An expanding paradigm

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)has expanded its arena from a mere diagnostic modality to an essential therapeutic tool in managing gastrointestinal(GI)diseases.The proximity of the GI tract to the vascular structures in the mediastinum and the abdomen has facilitated the growth of EUS in the field of vascular interventions.EUS provides important clinical and anatomical information related to the vessels'size,appearance and location.Its excellent spatial resolution,use of colour doppler with or without contrast enhancement and ability to provide images“real-time”helps in precision while intervening vascular structures.Additionally,structures such as venous collaterals or varices can be dealt with optimally using EUS.EUS-guided vascular therapy with coil and glue combination has revolutionized the management of portal hypertension.It also helps to avoid radiation exposure in addition to being minimally invasive.These advantages have led EUS to become an upcoming modality to complement traditional interventional radiology in the field of vascular interventions.EUS-guided portal vein(PV)access and therapy is a new kid on the block.EUS-guided portal pressure gradient measurement,injecting chemotherapy in PV and intrahepatic portosystemic shunt has expanded the horizons of endo-hepatology.Lastly,EUS has also forayed into cardiac interventions allowing pericardial fluid aspiration and tumour biopsy with experimental data on access to valvular apparatus.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of the expanding paradigm of EUS-guided vascular interventions in GI bleeding,portal vein access and its related therapeutic interventions,cardiac access,and therapy.A synopsis of all the technical details involving each procedure and the available data has been tabulated,and the future trends in this area have been highlighted.

Research Progress on Self-Efficacy Level of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors

Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Measuring Effectiveness of Health Program Intervention in the Field

Improving and sustaining successful public health interventions relies increasingly on the ability to identify the key components of an intervention that are effective, to identify for whom the intervention is effective, and to identify under what conditions the intervention is effective. Bayesian probability an “advanced” experimental design framework of methodology is used in the study to develop a systematic tool that can assist health care managers and field workers in measuring effectiveness of health program intervention and systematically assess the components of programs to be applied to design program improvements and to advocate for resources. The study focuses on essential management elements of the health system that must be in place to ensure the effectiveness of IMNCI intervention. Early experiences with IMNCI implemented led to greater awareness of the need to improve drug delivery, support for effective planning and management at all levels and address issues related to the organization of work at health facilities. The efficacy of IMNCI program from the experience of experts and specialists working in the state is 0.67 and probability of effective- ness of all management components in the study is 58%. Overall the standard assessment tool used predicts success of around 39% for the IMNCI intervention implemented in current situation in Rajasthan. Training management component carried the highest weight-age of 21% with 73% probability of being effective in the state. Human resource management has weight-age of 13% with 53% probability of being effective in current scenario. Monitoring and evaluation carried a weight-age of 11% with only 33% probability of being effective. Operational planning carried a weight-age of 9% with 100% probability of being effectively managed. Supply management carried a weight-age of 8% with zero probability of being effective in the current field scenario. In the study, each question that received low score identifies it as a likely obstacle to the success of the health program. The health program should improve all sub-components with low scores to increase the likelihood of meeting its objectives. Public health interventions tend to be complex, programmatic and context dependent. The evaluation of evidence must distinguish between the fidelity of the evaluation process in detecting the success or failure of the intervention, and relative success or failure of the intervention itself. We advocate management attributes incorporation into criteria for appraising evidence on public health interventions. This can strengthen the value of evidence and their potential contributions to the process of public health management and social development.

Measurement Research Based on Bayesian Structural Equation Cognitive Model

The Bayesian structural equation model integrates the principles of Bayesian statistics, providing a more flexible and comprehensive modeling framework. In exploring complex relationships between variables, handling uncertainty, and dealing with missing data, the Bayesian structural equation model demonstrates unique advantages. Therefore, Bayesian methods are used in this paper to establish a structural equation model of innovative talent cognition, with the measurement of college students’ cognition of innovative talent being studied. An in-depth analysis is conducted on the effects of innovative self-efficacy, social resources, innovative personality traits, and school education, aiming to explore the factors influencing college students’ innovative talent. The results indicate that innovative self-efficacy plays a key role in perception, social resources are significantly positively correlated with the perception of innovative talents, innovative personality tendencies and school education are positively correlated with the perception of innovative talents, but the impact is not significant.

Systematic nursing interventions in gastric cancer:A randomized controlled study

BACKGROUND Scientific and effective nursing methods can effectively mitigate negative emotions in patients.Related studies have shown that systematic nursing interventions are beneficial in enhancing the self-efficacy and self-care abilities of patients and improving their physical and mental state,thereby alleviating their fatigue and improving their quality of life.AIM To explore the effects of systematic nursing intervention on cancer-related fatigue,self-efficacy,self-nursing ability,and quality of life in gastric cancer(GC)patients during the perioperative period.METHODS In this study,sample size was based on the multivariable scale.The sample size was 10 times the acceptable variable,with an additional 20% added to account for an expected loss of patients in follow-up for a final sample size of 168 patients.Conventional nursing measures were used in the control group,while the systematic nursing intervention Adopted Cancer Fatigue Scale(CFS),General Self-Efficacy Scale-Schwarzer(GSES),Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA),and simple health scale(SF-36)were used in the observation group.The questionnaires were administered on admission and discharge.RESULTS At admission,there was no statistically significant difference in the scores on each scale between the groups.At discharge,the CFS and GSES scores in the observation group were 21.56±2.24 and 51.16±11.71,while those in the control group were 29.61±3.48 and 41.58±8.54,respectively,with statistically significant differences.The ESCA score in the observation and control groups was 112.09±11.72 and 97.87±9.26,respectively.Moreover,the scores in all dimensions(self-concept,selfresponsibility,health knowledge level,and self-care skills)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences.The SF-36 score in the observation and control groups was 75.51±3.63 and 63.24±3.41,respectively,with statistically significant differences.The scores in all dimensions(mental health,vitality,physical function,physical pain,social function,emotional function,and overall health level)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences.CONCLUSION Systemic nursing intervention for GC patients during the perioperative period could alleviate cancer-related fatigue,improve self-efficacy and self-nursing ability,and improve quality of life,which all have clinical value.

Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the Chinese version physical activity self-efficacy scale across gender and education levels

Background: Self-efficacy has been identified as an important determinant of youth's behavior change including physical activity(PA) participation. However, the dimensionality check of a PA self-efficacy scale has rarely been conducted in China. The current study aims to examine(1) the unidimensionality of a shortened Chinese version of PA self-efficacy scale(S-PASESC);(2) the measurement invariance of S-PASESC across gender and levels of education;(3) the latent factor mean difference between gender and levels of education;(4) the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA by different gender and education levels; and(5) the comparisons of the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA across gender and education levels.Methods: The participants were 5 th through 11 th grade public school students recruited from 7 cities located in different geographic regions of China. The final data include a total of 3003 participants(49.7% boys) who have completed the scales.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) test supported the unidimensionality of S-PASESC. The S-PASESC is invariant across gender and 3 levels of education at both configural, full metric, and full scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that boys reported higher PA self-efficacy than girls. Students' perceived PA self-efficacy tend to decrease from elementary to high school. Finally, self-efficacy positively related to PA by groups of different gender and education levels and the relationship between self-efficacy and PA is stronger among middle school boys than girls.Conclusion: Findings suggest S-PASESC is a valid scale for measuring Chinese students' PA self-efficacy.

Prenatal breastfeeding intervention program to increase breastfeeding duration among low income women

Extensive research confirms the nutritional, economic, biomedical, immunological, and psychological advantages of breast milk. Despite the clear benefits of breastfeeding to mother and infant, breastfeeding rates today continue to remain below the recommended levels in the United States, most notably among low-income mothers. One factor that plays a role in breast-feeding success and may be modifiable by nursing intervention is maternal self-efficacy. This study aimed to increase the breast-feeding du-ration through an intervention based on Den-nis’s Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. A quasi-Experimental design was used to test the effect of the intervention program on duration of breastfeeding. A convenience sample of 37 low-income women was recruited from two rural pre-natal clinics in the Midwest. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) and a demographic profile. Women were con-tacted by telephone at two and six weeks post-partum to determine if they were still breast-feeding and to complete the BSES. The women who were assigned to a breast-feeding self-efficacy intervention showed significantly greater increases in breast-feeding duration and self-efficacy than did the women in the control group. The results of this study suggest that the one-hour of breastfeeding intervention program during the prenatal period may increase the duration of breastfeeding in low-income women who intend to breastfeed. This study supports the literature which found that prenatal education and postpartum support are important to the out-come of breastfeeding.

完善信息化追溯系统风险预警及干预对策对达芬奇手术器械处理流程的影响

目的探讨完善信息化追溯系统风险预警及干预对策对达芬奇手术器械处理流程的影响。方法选择2021年2月至2023年4月医院的162件达芬奇手术机器人的手术器械为研究对象,按照完善信息化追溯系统风险预警及干预对策实施时间分组,将2021年2月至2022年2月实施完善信息化追溯系统风险预警及干预对策前的80件达芬奇手术机器人的手术器械作为对照组,将2022年3月至2023年4月实施完善信息化追溯系统风险预警及干预对策后的82件达芬奇手术机器人的手术器械为观察组。对比两组灭菌工作质量、质量管理效果及使用满意度。结果观察组灭菌工作质量中的清洗合格率、包装正确率、监测记录合格率、存储发放正确率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组器械管理质量中收发速度、供应质量、问题追溯、沟通服务方面评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组使用满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论完善信息化追溯系统风险预警及干预对策优化达芬奇手术机器人手术器械的处理流程,提高灭菌与管理质量,提升器械使用满意度。

混合课堂学生认知投入的多模态量化机制与干预

认知投入是指学习者的心理努力程度和认知策略应用程度,是影响混合式教学中学习效果的关键因素,但以往对学生认知投入的评估存在主观性强、模态单一等问题,难以明晰混合课堂学生的认知投入水平,制约混合课堂教学效果的改善。本研究拟结合数学建模、实验室实验与教学追踪准实验探究混合课堂认知投入的量化及干预。本研究将建立混合课堂认知投入的多模态量化表征模型以及认知投入提升策略,形成面向高等教育的混合式教学方案并研制认知投入识别与干预的教研一体化工具,为实现混合式教学提质增效提供理论与实践支持。

不同品牌医用电子直线加速器的故障分析及设备管理策略

目的通过阐述主流品牌医用电子直线加速器(LA)的故障情况,探讨控制故障风险点的策略并为日常设备管理提供思路。方法选取2台瓦里安和1台医科达LA,统计分析2022年12月至2023年12月期间的94次故障,比较故障类型、故障处置方式在不同品牌和不同使用年限之间的差异。结果投入使用1年内的设备瓦里安TrueBeam故障率最高(45.74%)(P<0.05),多叶光栅故障和电子加速系统故障明显多于其他类型的故障(P<0.05),需要更换部件的故障明显多于可通过重启或调整参数的故障(P<0.05),瓦里安更换部件的数量多于医科达(P<0.05)。结论LA作为高故障率的高精尖设备,需提升临床工程师的维护能力和维修判断能力,切实保障设备的临床运行。

鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生的相关影响因素及其干预措施分析

目的:探讨鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生的相关影响因素及其干预措施。方法:采用便利抽样方法选择2020年3月~2023年3月在本院行放射治疗的400例鼻咽癌患者为研究对象,调查其吞咽困难发生情况及其相关影响因素。结果:鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生率为65.00%(260/400);单因素分析显示,年龄、肿瘤临床TNM分期、放射剂量、放射性口腔炎、放射性皮炎与鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难有关(P<0.05);受教育程度、婚姻状况、放疗前BMI、放疗时间、性别、吸烟、合并基础疾病、同期化疗、饮酒与鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难无关(P>0.05)。经Logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥60岁(B=0.934,OR=2.545,95%CI=1.652-3.922)、肿瘤临床TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(B=1.142,OR=3.132,95%CI=2.006-4.888)、放射剂量>72Gy(B=0.703,OR=2.020,95%CI=1.312-3.111)、放射性口腔炎(B=1.593,OR=4.920,95%CI=3.049-7.939)、放射性皮炎(B=1.529,OR=4.612,95%CI=2.956-7.197)是鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论:鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生率较高,其受年龄、肿瘤临床TNM分期、放射剂量、放射性口腔炎、放射性皮炎等多种因素影响,针对上述因素制定干预措施,可能减少或避免患者发生吞咽困难。

某高校建筑类专业学生眩晕发病危险因素的调查研究

目的:探索建筑专业学生眩晕的相关风险因素,为降低未来高空作业的坠落事件提供依据。方法:本研究选取了湖北职业技术学院2022年9月至2023年6月期间在校建筑类专业学生为研究对象。根据人口学信息、临床特征、PHQ-9评测结果及眼震视图检查结果,以多因素回归分析探索眩晕相关的风险因素。结果:研究纳入541名参与者,234人(43.25%)有眩晕病史,其中女性比例高于男性,抑郁症状在眩晕患者中更常见。多因素回归分析显示:心理状态,双温试验、疲劳及睡眠障碍与眩晕发病显著相关。结论:前庭功能异常、抑郁、疲劳状态及睡眠障碍与眩晕发病相关,对建筑专业学生进行前庭功能普查、心理及疲劳状态评估有助于降低高空作业时的安全风险。

老年重症肺炎患者心理弹性相关影响因素及干预效果研究

目的分析老年重症肺炎患者心理弹性现状和影响因素,观察新型健康管理模式干预的疗效,为确定临床患者预后的改善方案提供依据。方法前瞻性选取2019年1月—2023年2月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院接受住院治疗的105例老年重症肺炎患者,向患者发放调查问卷以评估其心理弹性评分。共发放问卷105份,回收98份有效问卷,有效回收率为93.33%。剔除无效问卷患者7例,剩余98例患者进行后续研究。对98例患者开展健康管理模式干预,入院第2天开始,患者持续干预2周。采用心理弹性量表评估患者干预前后的心理弹性评分,SF-36量表评估患者干预前后的生活质量评分。结果患者心理弹性量表总分为(68.19±11.26)分,处于中等偏上水平,其中自强维度得分为(27.37±5.01)分,乐观维度得分为(7.13±1.25)分,坚韧维度得分为(33.69±5.38)分。老年重症肺炎患者心理弹性评分在年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、肺部手术史、婚姻状况、医保类型、病程等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在性别、文化程度、家庭人均月收入方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别、文化程度和家庭人均月收入是老年重症肺炎患者心理弹性的影响因素(P<0.05)。干预后老年重症肺炎患者心理弹性评分和SF-36评分相比干预前均升高(P<0.05)。结论老年重症肺炎患者的心理弹性评分处于中等偏上水平,性别、文化程度和家庭人均月收入是影响患者心理弹性评分的主要因素,针对上述因素制定个体化的干预方案可提高患者的心理状态和生活质量。

慢性心力衰竭患者预后不良危险因素分析

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后情况及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2020年5月至2022年8月在医院接受系统治疗的147例CHF患者临床资料,统计出院后6个月预后不良情况。应用单因素分析法筛选出患者预后不良的可能影响因素,并行logistic回归分析确定独立危险因素。结果147例CHF患者出院后6个月预后不良48例(32.65%)。预后不良组与预后良好组年龄、高脂血症、心房颤动、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级、贫血、尿酸(UA)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肾小球过滤(GFR)、脑钠肽(BNP)、查尔森共病指数(CCI)、自理能力比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄(≥60岁)、贫血、UA(>360μmol·L^(-1))、BUN(>7.1 mmol·L^(-1))、BNP(>1006 ng·L^(-1))、CCI评分(3分)、自理能力(重度依赖)是CHF患者预后不良独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论CHF患者预后不良主要与年龄、贫血、UA、BUN、BNP、CCI评分、自理能力等有关。