Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate during one year the total delivery of volume, calories, and proteins and compare them with the total prescribed to ICU patients using ENT (Enteral Nutriti...Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate during one year the total delivery of volume, calories, and proteins and compare them with the total prescribed to ICU patients using ENT (Enteral Nutrition Therapy) exclusively. Methods: Data on the prescribed or infused volume, calories, and protein, as well as their respective needs for each individual, were collected. Anthropometric parameters and age data were also collected from the medical records of 41 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Results: Prescribed versus infused enteral diet volume was presented in 5 weeks which corresponds to the maximum duration of ICU treatment. Regarding sampling, the majority corresponded to elderly people (>64 years old) and males (63.4%). The total average prescribed was 719.2 mL of enteral diet on an average of 649.7 mL delivered. In addition, there was no significant difference between the prescribed and delivered volume, caloric value, and protein content of the diet only in the last week of hospitalization, which corresponded to the range of 29 - 36 days. Several factors make it difficult to reach the patient’s caloric and protein recommendations. Most of the reasons are not recorded, corresponding to 57.1%, indicating the difficulty of assessing the inadequacy of the prescribed and delivered volume. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first time that a prescription vs. delivery assessment has been carried out for patients in the Brazilian Midwest. In addition, although our research is a difficulty reported worldwide (in most hospitals), we also provide opportunities for how the problem was solved in our case, which may contribute to other cases.展开更多
【目的】满足泌乳奶牛日粮营养需要的精确预测和饲料配方的优化计算,探索奶牛日粮设计的内在规律。【方法】基于美国康奈尔大学提出的净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系(cornell net carbohydrate and proteinsystem,CNCPS),集成NRC(2001)推荐...【目的】满足泌乳奶牛日粮营养需要的精确预测和饲料配方的优化计算,探索奶牛日粮设计的内在规律。【方法】基于美国康奈尔大学提出的净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系(cornell net carbohydrate and proteinsystem,CNCPS),集成NRC(2001)推荐的奶牛主要养分需要的动态预测模型,结合《中国饲料数据库》积累的奶牛常用饲料的CNCPS参数数据,采用FOXPRO数据库技术和参数线性规划的优化技术,研究开发针对荷斯坦泌乳奶牛日营养需要的计算和全混合日粮(total mixture ration,TMR)配方优化系统。【结果】本系统优化日粮全面考虑了精饲料与粗饲料的平衡,日粮瘤胃降解蛋白与过瘤胃蛋白的平衡,粗蛋白与泌乳净能的平衡,纤维性物质(中性洗涤纤维,neutral detergent fiber,NDF和酸性洗涤纤维,acid detergent fiber,ADF)与非纤维性性碳水化合物(non-fiber carbohydrates,NFC)的平衡、钙磷平衡、电解质平衡及微量元素的平衡,并通过模型可计算得到进入小肠的各种性质的氨基酸流量。【结论】利用动态模型及计算机编程技术,可以实现奶牛日粮内在养分的相互协同与制约的精准优化设计。展开更多
文摘Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate during one year the total delivery of volume, calories, and proteins and compare them with the total prescribed to ICU patients using ENT (Enteral Nutrition Therapy) exclusively. Methods: Data on the prescribed or infused volume, calories, and protein, as well as their respective needs for each individual, were collected. Anthropometric parameters and age data were also collected from the medical records of 41 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Results: Prescribed versus infused enteral diet volume was presented in 5 weeks which corresponds to the maximum duration of ICU treatment. Regarding sampling, the majority corresponded to elderly people (>64 years old) and males (63.4%). The total average prescribed was 719.2 mL of enteral diet on an average of 649.7 mL delivered. In addition, there was no significant difference between the prescribed and delivered volume, caloric value, and protein content of the diet only in the last week of hospitalization, which corresponded to the range of 29 - 36 days. Several factors make it difficult to reach the patient’s caloric and protein recommendations. Most of the reasons are not recorded, corresponding to 57.1%, indicating the difficulty of assessing the inadequacy of the prescribed and delivered volume. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first time that a prescription vs. delivery assessment has been carried out for patients in the Brazilian Midwest. In addition, although our research is a difficulty reported worldwide (in most hospitals), we also provide opportunities for how the problem was solved in our case, which may contribute to other cases.
