By means of texturing with organic conductive fiber, and then being treated with JAM-Y1 anti-bacteria agent, in the end, treated with the XL-550 waterproof agent, the PET fabric has permanent antistatic, anti-bacteria...By means of texturing with organic conductive fiber, and then being treated with JAM-Y1 anti-bacteria agent, in the end, treated with the XL-550 waterproof agent, the PET fabric has permanent antistatic, anti-bacteria and waterproof and anti-oil properties. The PET fabric was laminated with PTFE membrane by paste dot coating, and then coated by Poly(ether-ester) solution in a direct process. The filter efficiency of NaCl aerosol, penetration property of poliomyelitis virus in liquid and animalcule in air of PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane are measured. The properties show that the PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane can separate SARS virus in air and liquid. The protective mechanism is also discussed in the article.展开更多
Thermal protective clothing has been recognized as the primary shielding against emergency fire hazard and inflammable gas leakage. Therefore,the thermal response of human covered with thermal protective clothing unde...Thermal protective clothing has been recognized as the primary shielding against emergency fire hazard and inflammable gas leakage. Therefore,the thermal response of human covered with thermal protective clothing under high temperature is the key work to investigate the thermal insulation of thermal protective clothing. A coupling model composed of thermal protective clothing,air gap and human skin is established and the temperature of the micro-system is numerically solved via the finite element method( FEM).Especially,the heat transfer of air gap located between clothing and human skin considering conduction and radiation is established while the human skin layers involve the effect of blood perfusion. Then the effect of thermophysical properties( thermal conductivity and volumetric capacity) of fabric and thickness of fabric and air on the thermal response of the micro-system is elucidated and compared.The results indicate that the volumetric heat capacity of fabric is the key parameter to affect the thermal shielding performance of thermal protective clothing,and the thicker fabric thickness and air gap thickness can improve the thermal protective properties of the micro-system.展开更多
This paper presents a new idea for intensifying protective and stretch recovery properties of micro porous polytetrafluorethylene and hydrophilic polyurethane (PTFE/PU) layered membrane through a co-stretching process...This paper presents a new idea for intensifying protective and stretch recovery properties of micro porous polytetrafluorethylene and hydrophilic polyurethane (PTFE/PU) layered membrane through a co-stretching process. The structure and properties of co-stretching PTFE/PU layered membrane and coated PTFE/PU layered membrane by means of directly coating the PU on the PTFE membrane were investigated using Electron Microscope, Universal Materials Testing Machine, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) was measured according to absorption method of water vapor of GB/T 12704-91. Contrasted to PU coating process, the PU membrane on the co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is nonporous because of heat treatment process, which can prevent the SARS virus from permeating the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane. The stretch and recovery properties of the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is at least 66% after being stretched to 50% of its original length in transverse directions and that of the coated PTFE/PU membrane is 52%. The WVP of the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is 13 523 g/24 h·m^2. The results suggest that when Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is laminated to a stretchable fabric, the fabric would have excellent stretch and recovery properties while waterproof and being permeable to water vapor. So, the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane laminated fabric will be a comfortable protective clothing material.展开更多
Sunlight is a known skin carcinogen. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in humans, and typically affects sun-exposed parts of the body. Sunny Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of skin can...Sunlight is a known skin carcinogen. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in humans, and typically affects sun-exposed parts of the body. Sunny Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of skin cancer globally. Clothing provides a protective barrier that reduces the amount of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the skin. Australia pioneered the development of a relative ranking of the sun-protective capabilities of clothing based on the transmission of UVR through fabric. Standardized Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) measurement procedures and associated labeling specifications are documented in the Australian and New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 4399:1996. The standard was intended to enable consumers to make informed choices. Since its introduction, this standard has been adopted almost universally by the textile industry, and is still in use almost two decades on, with plans to revise it only commencing recently. However, AS/NZS 4399:1996 does not consider garment design, particularly in relation to body surface coverage. Although swim-shirts have grown in popularity in Australia since the late 1990s, particularly among children, clothing remains under-utilized as a form of sun-protection in contemporary society. Skin cancer prevention campaigns should emphasize the sun-protective benefits of clothing and collaboration with the fashion industry is urgently needed to improve the aesthetic appeal, comfort, durability and affordability of sun-protective clothing to increase its popularity in skin cancer prone populations. In light of recent evidence showing that high UPF clothing which covers more of the body surface reduces pigmented mole development in children (major risk factor for melanoma), the rating system for sun-protective clothing should incorporate body surface covered as well as the UPF of the fabric. We discuss progress towards developing a protocol for measuring the extent of coverage of sun-protective garments. Once fully evaluated and refined, the testing protocol developed from this research may influence future revisions of international standards for evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing.展开更多
As a kind of digital clothing design works,digital clothing effect diagram shows fast and roughly designer intent expression and needs protection of digital copyright protection technology.A novel digital clothing eff...As a kind of digital clothing design works,digital clothing effect diagram shows fast and roughly designer intent expression and needs protection of digital copyright protection technology.A novel digital clothing effect diagram copyright protection scheme and some algorithms based on digital image watermark technology are proposed,used by two-dimensional chaotic encryption watermark generation algorithm to generate watermark data,watermark embedding algorithm twice using genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal embedding position and embedding strength,and watermark verification algorithm to determine the copyright ownership.Experimental results and analyses show that the proposed scheme and algorithms have the feasibility and effectiveness.展开更多
Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) o...Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) of the multi-layered fabrics was measured by a TPP tester under flash fire. Results showed that the utilization of the PCM fabrics improved the thermal protective performance of the multi-layered fabrics. The fabric with a PCM add on of 41. 9% increased the thermal protection by 50. 6% and reduced the time to reach a second degree burn by 8. 4 s compared with the reference fabrics( without PCMs). The employment of the PCM fabrics also reduced the blackened areas on the inner layers. The PCM fabrics with higher PCM melting temperature could bring higher thermal protective performance.展开更多
The bench top test is one of the most important and effective methods to evaluate the total thermal protective performance(TPP) of firefighters' protective clothing,which is greatly influenced by the air gaps entr...The bench top test is one of the most important and effective methods to evaluate the total thermal protective performance(TPP) of firefighters' protective clothing,which is greatly influenced by the air gaps entrapped.In this paper,to investigate the effect of air gap width on TPP,a new improved apparatus with two height changeable buttons to hold the thermal sensor was developed to get a series of air gap sizes from 0 mm to 40 mm.The TPP of two types of flame-resistant outer fabrics was measured with TPP test apparatus respectively.Analysis of temperature rise with each air gap width was made to determine the effects of different air gaps on protective performance.It was indicated that air gap size had great effect on TPP of fabrics in the bench top test.An air gap width above 8 mm was suggested for the thermal protective clothing design.展开更多
Background:Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat strain.However,direct measures are often invasive,costly,and difficult to implement in the field.This study assessed the agreement between deep body tem...Background:Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat strain.However,direct measures are often invasive,costly,and difficult to implement in the field.This study assessed the agreement between deep body temperature estimated from heart rate and that measured directly during repeated work bouts while wearing explosive ordnance disposal(EOD)protective clothing and during recovery.Methods:Eight males completed three work and recovery periods across two separate days.Work consisted of treadmill walking on a 1%incline at 2.5,4.0,or 5.5 km/h,in a random order,wearing EOD protective clothing.Ambient temperature and relative humidity were maintained at 24℃and 50%[Wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT)(20.9±1.2)℃]or 32℃and 60%[WBGT(29.0±0.2)℃]on the separate days,respectively.Heart rate and gastrointestinal temperature(TGI)were monitored continuously,and deep body temperature was also estimated from heart rate(ECTemp).Results:The overall systematic bias between TGI and ECTemp was 0.01℃with 95%limits of agreement(Lo A)of±0.64℃and a root mean square error of 0.32℃.The average error statistics among participants showed no significant differences in error between the exercise and recovery periods or the environmental conditions.At TGI levels of(37.0–37.5)℃,(37.5–38.0)℃,(38.0–38.5)℃,and>38.5℃,the systematic bias and±95%Lo A were(0.08±0.58)℃,(–0.02±0.69)℃,(–0.07±0.63)℃,and(–0.32±0.56)℃,respectively.Conclusions:The findings demonstrate acceptable validity of the ECTemp up to 38.5℃.Conducting work within an ECTemp limit of 38.4℃,in conditions similar to the present study,would protect the majority of personnel from an excessive elevation in deep body temperature(>39.0℃).展开更多
In this paper,the protective performance of woven fab-rics against heat radiation is studied from the view offabric structure.As indices reflecting the protective per-formance against heat radiation,the heat emissivit...In this paper,the protective performance of woven fab-rics against heat radiation is studied from the view offabric structure.As indices reflecting the protective per-formance against heat radiation,the heat emissivity andthe transmissivity of different fabrics are measured.It ispointed out that structure changes of common textiles af-fect their transmission to heat radiation while have littleinfluence on their absorption or reflection to heat radi-ation except fabrics surfaces are aluminized.Double-layer weave is proved to be an effective fabric weave forreducing the trasmissivity.It helps increase the densityand tightness while keeps the comfort of woven fabrics atthe same time.展开更多
This paper is to report a prediction model for thermal protective performance of multilayer fabrics based on Matlab neural network toolbox. Then a back propagation (BP) neural network model is developed to predict the...This paper is to report a prediction model for thermal protective performance of multilayer fabrics based on Matlab neural network toolbox. Then a back propagation (BP) neural network model is developed to predict thermal protective performance of multilayer fabrics for firefighters. The network consists of twelve input nodes, six hidden nodes, and one output node. The inputs are weight, thickness, density of warp and weft, limited oxygen index (LOI), and heat conductivity of each-layer fabric. Thermal protective performance (TPP) rating of multilayer fabrics is the output. In this paper, the data from the experiments are used as learning information for the neural network to develop a reliable prediction model. Finnally the model performance is verified, and the proposed model can be applied to predict the thermal protective performance of multilayer fabrics for firefighters.展开更多
文摘By means of texturing with organic conductive fiber, and then being treated with JAM-Y1 anti-bacteria agent, in the end, treated with the XL-550 waterproof agent, the PET fabric has permanent antistatic, anti-bacteria and waterproof and anti-oil properties. The PET fabric was laminated with PTFE membrane by paste dot coating, and then coated by Poly(ether-ester) solution in a direct process. The filter efficiency of NaCl aerosol, penetration property of poliomyelitis virus in liquid and animalcule in air of PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane are measured. The properties show that the PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane can separate SARS virus in air and liquid. The protective mechanism is also discussed in the article.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51306095,51273097,51403112)China Postdoctoral Science Foundations(Nos.2014M561887,2015T80697)+1 种基金Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Funded Project,China(No.14-2-4-1-JCH)Qingdao Application Basic Research Funded Project,China(No.15-9-1-41-JCH)
文摘Thermal protective clothing has been recognized as the primary shielding against emergency fire hazard and inflammable gas leakage. Therefore,the thermal response of human covered with thermal protective clothing under high temperature is the key work to investigate the thermal insulation of thermal protective clothing. A coupling model composed of thermal protective clothing,air gap and human skin is established and the temperature of the micro-system is numerically solved via the finite element method( FEM).Especially,the heat transfer of air gap located between clothing and human skin considering conduction and radiation is established while the human skin layers involve the effect of blood perfusion. Then the effect of thermophysical properties( thermal conductivity and volumetric capacity) of fabric and thickness of fabric and air on the thermal response of the micro-system is elucidated and compared.The results indicate that the volumetric heat capacity of fabric is the key parameter to affect the thermal shielding performance of thermal protective clothing,and the thicker fabric thickness and air gap thickness can improve the thermal protective properties of the micro-system.
基金Supported by the Ph. D.Innovation Foundation of Donghua University (101 06 0019064)
文摘This paper presents a new idea for intensifying protective and stretch recovery properties of micro porous polytetrafluorethylene and hydrophilic polyurethane (PTFE/PU) layered membrane through a co-stretching process. The structure and properties of co-stretching PTFE/PU layered membrane and coated PTFE/PU layered membrane by means of directly coating the PU on the PTFE membrane were investigated using Electron Microscope, Universal Materials Testing Machine, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) was measured according to absorption method of water vapor of GB/T 12704-91. Contrasted to PU coating process, the PU membrane on the co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is nonporous because of heat treatment process, which can prevent the SARS virus from permeating the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane. The stretch and recovery properties of the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is at least 66% after being stretched to 50% of its original length in transverse directions and that of the coated PTFE/PU membrane is 52%. The WVP of the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is 13 523 g/24 h·m^2. The results suggest that when Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane is laminated to a stretchable fabric, the fabric would have excellent stretch and recovery properties while waterproof and being permeable to water vapor. So, the Co-stretching PTFE/PU membrane laminated fabric will be a comfortable protective clothing material.
文摘Sunlight is a known skin carcinogen. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in humans, and typically affects sun-exposed parts of the body. Sunny Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of skin cancer globally. Clothing provides a protective barrier that reduces the amount of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the skin. Australia pioneered the development of a relative ranking of the sun-protective capabilities of clothing based on the transmission of UVR through fabric. Standardized Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) measurement procedures and associated labeling specifications are documented in the Australian and New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 4399:1996. The standard was intended to enable consumers to make informed choices. Since its introduction, this standard has been adopted almost universally by the textile industry, and is still in use almost two decades on, with plans to revise it only commencing recently. However, AS/NZS 4399:1996 does not consider garment design, particularly in relation to body surface coverage. Although swim-shirts have grown in popularity in Australia since the late 1990s, particularly among children, clothing remains under-utilized as a form of sun-protection in contemporary society. Skin cancer prevention campaigns should emphasize the sun-protective benefits of clothing and collaboration with the fashion industry is urgently needed to improve the aesthetic appeal, comfort, durability and affordability of sun-protective clothing to increase its popularity in skin cancer prone populations. In light of recent evidence showing that high UPF clothing which covers more of the body surface reduces pigmented mole development in children (major risk factor for melanoma), the rating system for sun-protective clothing should incorporate body surface covered as well as the UPF of the fabric. We discuss progress towards developing a protocol for measuring the extent of coverage of sun-protective garments. Once fully evaluated and refined, the testing protocol developed from this research may influence future revisions of international standards for evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing.
文摘As a kind of digital clothing design works,digital clothing effect diagram shows fast and roughly designer intent expression and needs protection of digital copyright protection technology.A novel digital clothing effect diagram copyright protection scheme and some algorithms based on digital image watermark technology are proposed,used by two-dimensional chaotic encryption watermark generation algorithm to generate watermark data,watermark embedding algorithm twice using genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal embedding position and embedding strength,and watermark verification algorithm to determine the copyright ownership.Experimental results and analyses show that the proposed scheme and algorithms have the feasibility and effectiveness.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.14D110715/17/18)Start up Fund by Shanghai University of Engineering Science(No.2015-69)Young Teacher Training Program by Shanghai,China(No.ZZGCD15051))
文摘Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) of the multi-layered fabrics was measured by a TPP tester under flash fire. Results showed that the utilization of the PCM fabrics improved the thermal protective performance of the multi-layered fabrics. The fabric with a PCM add on of 41. 9% increased the thermal protection by 50. 6% and reduced the time to reach a second degree burn by 8. 4 s compared with the reference fabrics( without PCMs). The employment of the PCM fabrics also reduced the blackened areas on the inner layers. The PCM fabrics with higher PCM melting temperature could bring higher thermal protective performance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50876019)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 200802550009)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The bench top test is one of the most important and effective methods to evaluate the total thermal protective performance(TPP) of firefighters' protective clothing,which is greatly influenced by the air gaps entrapped.In this paper,to investigate the effect of air gap width on TPP,a new improved apparatus with two height changeable buttons to hold the thermal sensor was developed to get a series of air gap sizes from 0 mm to 40 mm.The TPP of two types of flame-resistant outer fabrics was measured with TPP test apparatus respectively.Analysis of temperature rise with each air gap width was made to determine the effects of different air gaps on protective performance.It was indicated that air gap size had great effect on TPP of fabrics in the bench top test.An air gap width above 8 mm was suggested for the thermal protective clothing design.
基金the Australian Government,managed by the National Security Science&Technology Centre within the Defence Science&Technology Organisation,and the US Government through the Technical Support Working Group within the Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office。
文摘Background:Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat strain.However,direct measures are often invasive,costly,and difficult to implement in the field.This study assessed the agreement between deep body temperature estimated from heart rate and that measured directly during repeated work bouts while wearing explosive ordnance disposal(EOD)protective clothing and during recovery.Methods:Eight males completed three work and recovery periods across two separate days.Work consisted of treadmill walking on a 1%incline at 2.5,4.0,or 5.5 km/h,in a random order,wearing EOD protective clothing.Ambient temperature and relative humidity were maintained at 24℃and 50%[Wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT)(20.9±1.2)℃]or 32℃and 60%[WBGT(29.0±0.2)℃]on the separate days,respectively.Heart rate and gastrointestinal temperature(TGI)were monitored continuously,and deep body temperature was also estimated from heart rate(ECTemp).Results:The overall systematic bias between TGI and ECTemp was 0.01℃with 95%limits of agreement(Lo A)of±0.64℃and a root mean square error of 0.32℃.The average error statistics among participants showed no significant differences in error between the exercise and recovery periods or the environmental conditions.At TGI levels of(37.0–37.5)℃,(37.5–38.0)℃,(38.0–38.5)℃,and>38.5℃,the systematic bias and±95%Lo A were(0.08±0.58)℃,(–0.02±0.69)℃,(–0.07±0.63)℃,and(–0.32±0.56)℃,respectively.Conclusions:The findings demonstrate acceptable validity of the ECTemp up to 38.5℃.Conducting work within an ECTemp limit of 38.4℃,in conditions similar to the present study,would protect the majority of personnel from an excessive elevation in deep body temperature(>39.0℃).
文摘In this paper,the protective performance of woven fab-rics against heat radiation is studied from the view offabric structure.As indices reflecting the protective per-formance against heat radiation,the heat emissivity andthe transmissivity of different fabrics are measured.It ispointed out that structure changes of common textiles af-fect their transmission to heat radiation while have littleinfluence on their absorption or reflection to heat radi-ation except fabrics surfaces are aluminized.Double-layer weave is proved to be an effective fabric weave forreducing the trasmissivity.It helps increase the densityand tightness while keeps the comfort of woven fabrics atthe same time.
文摘This paper is to report a prediction model for thermal protective performance of multilayer fabrics based on Matlab neural network toolbox. Then a back propagation (BP) neural network model is developed to predict thermal protective performance of multilayer fabrics for firefighters. The network consists of twelve input nodes, six hidden nodes, and one output node. The inputs are weight, thickness, density of warp and weft, limited oxygen index (LOI), and heat conductivity of each-layer fabric. Thermal protective performance (TPP) rating of multilayer fabrics is the output. In this paper, the data from the experiments are used as learning information for the neural network to develop a reliable prediction model. Finnally the model performance is verified, and the proposed model can be applied to predict the thermal protective performance of multilayer fabrics for firefighters.