Electrical Tree Simulation Based on the Self-Organization Criticality

So far much effort has been made to understand the development of electrical treeing. For the simulation based study of electrical treeing, the most common method is to apply DBM stochastic model to simulate the growing of electrical treeing patterns. Previous simulation results showed that this stochastic model is capable of simulating the real electrical treeing patterns in a point-to-plane electrode system. However, this model only allows the tree channels to propagate on equipotential lines proportional to local electrical field. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel stochastic model to simulate the electrical patterns in order to get a good agreement with experimental results.

Assessing the performance of decision tree and neural network models in mapping soil properties

To build any spatial soil database, a set of environmental data including digital elevation model(DEM) and satellite images beside geomorphic landscape description are essentials. Such a database, integrates field observations and laboratory analyses data with the results obtained from qualitative and quantitative models. So far, various techniques have been developed for soil data processing. The performance of Artificial Neural Network(ANN) and Decision Tree(DT) models was compared to map out some soil attributes in Alborz Province, Iran. Terrain attributes derived from a DEM along with Landsat 8 ETM+, geomorphology map, and the routine laboratory analyses of the studied area were used as input data. The relationships between soil properties(including sand, silt, clay, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and carbonates) and the environmental variables were assessed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Principle Components Analysis. Slope, elevation, geomforms, carbonate index, stream network, wetness index, and the band’s number 2, 3, 4, and 5 were the most significantly correlated variables. ANN and DT did not show the same accuracy in predicting all parameters. The DT model showed higher performances in estimating sand(R^2=0.73), silt(R^2=0.70), clay(R^2=0.72), organic carbon(R^2=0.71), and carbonates(R^2=0.70). While the ANN model only showed higher performance in predicting soil electrical conductivity(R^2=0.95). The results showed that determination the best model to use, is dependent upon the relation between the considered soil properties with the environmental variables. However, the DT model showed more reasonable results than the ANN model in this study. The results showed that before using a certain model to predict variability of all soil parameters, it would be better to evaluate the efficiency of all possible models for choosing the best fitted model for each property. In other words, most of the developed models are sitespecific and may not be applicable to use for predicting other soil properties or other area.

Fetal distress prediction using discriminant analysis, decision tree, and artificial neural network

Fetal distress is one of the main factors to cesarean section in obstetrics and gynecology. If the fetus lack of oxygen in uterus, threat to the fetal health and fetal death could happen. Cardiotocography (CTG) is the most widely used technique to monitor the fetal health and fetal heart rate (FHR) is an important index to identify occurs of fetal distress. This study is to propose discriminant analysis (DA), decision tree (DT), and artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate fetal distress. The results show that the accuracies of DA, DT and ANN are 82.1%, 86.36% and 97.78%, respectively.

Application of Self-Organizing Feature Map Neural Network Based on K-means Clustering in Network Intrusion Detection

Due to the widespread use of the Internet,customer information is vulnerable to computer systems attack,which brings urgent need for the intrusion detection technology.Recently,network intrusion detection has been one of the most important technologies in network security detection.The accuracy of network intrusion detection has reached higher accuracy so far.However,these methods have very low efficiency in network intrusion detection,even the most popular SOM neural network method.In this paper,an efficient and fast network intrusion detection method was proposed.Firstly,the fundamental of the two different methods are introduced respectively.Then,the selforganizing feature map neural network based on K-means clustering(KSOM)algorithms was presented to improve the efficiency of network intrusion detection.Finally,the NSLKDD is used as network intrusion data set to demonstrate that the KSOM method can significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration than SOM method without substantially affecting the clustering results and the accuracy is much higher than Kmeans method.The Experimental results show that our method can relatively improve the accuracy of network intrusion and significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration.

Nerve growth factor promotes in vitro proliferation of neural stem cells from tree shrews

Neural stem cells promote neuronal regeneration and repair of brain tissue after injury,but have limited resources and proliferative ability in vivo.We hypothesized that nerve growth factor would promote in vitro proliferation of neural stem cells derived from the tree shrews,a primate-like mammal that has been proposed as an alternative to primates in biomedical translational research.We cultured neural stem cells from the hippocampus of tree shrews at embryonic day 38,and added nerve growth factor（100 μg/L） to the culture medium.Neural stem cells from the hippocampus of tree shrews cultured without nerve growth factor were used as controls.After 3 days,fluorescence microscopy after DAPI and nestin staining revealed that the number of neurospheres and DAPI/nestin-positive cells was markedly greater in the nerve growth factor-treated cells than in control cells.These findings demonstrate that nerve growth factor promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells derived from tree shrews.

Waterlogging risk assessment based on self-organizing map(SOM)artificial neural networks:a case study of an urban storm in Beijing

Due to rapid urbanization, waterlogging induced by torrential rainfall has become a global concern and a potential risk affecting urban habitant's safety. Widespread waterlogging disasters haveoccurred almost annuallyinthe urban area of Beijing, the capital of China. Based on a selforganizing map(SOM) artificial neural network(ANN), a graded waterlogging risk assessment was conducted on 56 low-lying points in Beijing, China. Social risk factors, such as Gross domestic product(GDP), population density, and traffic congestion, were utilized as input datasets in this study. The results indicate that SOM-ANNis suitable for automatically and quantitatively assessing risks associated with waterlogging. The greatest advantage of SOM-ANN in the assessment of waterlogging risk is that a priori knowledge about classification categories and assessment indicator weights is not needed. As a result, SOM-ANN can effectively overcome interference from subjective factors,producing classification results that are more objective and accurate. In this paper, the risk level of waterlogging in Beijing was divided into five grades. The points that were assigned risk grades of IV or Vwere located mainly in the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng, and Dongcheng.

Development of Trees Management System Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Rain Forecast

Agriculture and farming are mainly dependent on weather especially in Malaysia as it received heavy rainfall throughout the years. An efficient crop or tree management system with a weather forecast needed for suitable planning of farming operation. Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) algorithm was used in this study to predict rainfall and the main focus of this study is to analyze the factor that affects the performance of neural model. This study found that the model works better the more hidden nodes and the optimum learning rate is 0.01 with the RMSE 49% and the percentage accuracy is 57%. Besides that, it is found that the meteorology data also affect the model performance. Future research can be conducted to improve the rainfall forecast of this study and improve the tree management system.

INDUCTION OF DECISION TREES BASED ON A FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK

Based on a fuzzy neural network, the letter presents an approach for the induction of decision trees. The approach makes use of the weights of fuzzy mappings in the fuzzy neural network which has been trained. It can realize the optimization of fuzzy decision trees by branch cutting, and improve the ratio of correctness and efficiency of the induction of decision trees.

A NOVEL INTRUSION DETECTION MODE BASED ON UNDERSTANDABLE NEURAL NETWORK TREES

Several data mining techniques such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM), artificial neural network, statistical techniques and expert systems are used to model network packets in the field of intrusion detection. In this paper a novel intrusion detection mode based on understandable Neural Network Tree (NNTree) is pre-sented. NNTree is a modular neural network with the overall structure being a Decision Tree (DT), and each non-terminal node being an Expert Neural Network (ENN). One crucial advantage of using NNTrees is that they keep the non-symbolic model ENN’s capability of learning in changing environments. Another potential advantage of using NNTrees is that they are actually “gray boxes” as they can be interpreted easily if the num-ber of inputs for each ENN is limited. We showed through experiments that the trained NNTree achieved a simple ENN at each non-terminal node as well as a satisfying recognition rate of the network packets dataset. We also compared the performance with that of a three-layer backpropagation neural network. Experimental results indicated that the NNTree based intrusion detection model achieved better performance than the neural network based intrusion detection model.

Predicting the Underlying Structure for Phylogenetic Trees Using Neural Networks and Logistic Regression

Understanding an underlying structure for phylogenetic trees is very important as it informs on the methods that should be employed during phylogenetic inference. The methods used under a structured population differ from those needed when a population is not structured. In this paper, we compared two supervised machine learning techniques, that is artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression models for prediction of an underlying structure for phylogenetic trees. We carried out parameter tuning for the models to identify optimal models. We then performed 10-fold cross-validation on the optimal models for both logistic regression?and ANN. We also performed a non-supervised technique called clustering to identify the number of clusters that could be identified from simulated phylogenetic trees. The trees were from?both structured?and non-structured populations. Clustering and prediction using classification techniques were?done using tree statistics such as Colless, Sackin and cophenetic indices, among others. Results from 10-fold cross-validation revealed that both logistic regression and ANN models had comparable results, with both models having average accuracy rates of over 0.75. Most of the clustering indices used resulted in 2 or 3 as the optimal number of clusters.

A Self-Organizing Memory Neural Network for Aerosol Concentration Prediction

Haze-fog,which is an atmospheric aerosol caused by natural or man-made factors,seriously affects the physical and mental health of human beings.PM2.5(a particulate matter whose diameter is smaller than or equal to 2.5 microns)is the chief culprit causing aerosol.To forecast the condition of PM2.5,this paper adopts the related the meteorological data and air pollutes data to predict the concentration of PM2.5.Since the meteorological data and air pollutes data are typical time series data,it is reasonable to adopt a machine learning method called Single Hidden-Layer Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network(SSHL-LSTMNN)containing memory capability to implement the prediction.However,the number of neurons in the hidden layer is difficult to decide unless manual testing is operated.In order to decide the best structure of the neural network and improve the accuracy of prediction,this paper employs a self-organizing algorithm,which uses Information Processing Capability(IPC)to adjust the number of the hidden neurons automatically during a learning phase.In a word,to predict PM2.5 concentration accurately,this paper proposes the SSHL-LSTMNN to predict PM2.5 concentration.In the experiment,not only the hourly precise prediction but also the daily longer-term prediction is taken into account.At last,the experimental results reflect that SSHL-LSTMNN performs the best.

Enhanced Self-Organizing Map Neural Network for DNA Sequence Classification

The artificial neural networks (ANNs), among different soft computing methodologies are widely used to meet the challenges thrown by the main objectives of data mining classification techniques, due to their robust, powerful, distributed, fault tolerant computing and capability to learn in a data-rich environment. ANNs has been used in several fields, showing high performance as classifiers. The problem of dealing with non numerical data is one major obstacle prevents using them with various data sets and several domains. Another problem is their complex structure and how hands to interprets. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is type of neural systems that can be easily interpreted, but still can’t be used with non numerical data directly. This paper presents an enhanced SOM structure to cope with non numerical data. It used DNA sequences as the training dataset. Results show very good performance compared to other classifiers. For better evaluation both micro-array structure and their sequential representation as proteins were targeted as dataset accuracy is measured accordingly.

Early Diagnosis of Lung Tumors for Extending Patients’ Life Using Deep Neural Networks

The medical community has more concern on lung cancer analysis.Medical experts’physical segmentation of lung cancers is time-consuming and needs to be automated.The research study’s objective is to diagnose lung tumors at an early stage to extend the life of humans using deep learning techniques.Computer-Aided Diagnostic(CAD)system aids in the diagnosis and shortens the time necessary to detect the tumor detected.The application of Deep Neural Networks(DNN)has also been exhibited as an excellent and effective method in classification and segmentation tasks.This research aims to separate lung cancers from images of Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)with threshold segmentation.The Honey hook process categorizes lung cancer based on characteristics retrieved using several classifiers.Considering this principle,the work presents a solution for image compression utilizing a Deep Wave Auto-Encoder(DWAE).The combination of the two approaches significantly reduces the overall size of the feature set required for any future classification process performed using DNN.The proposed DWAE-DNN image classifier is applied to a lung imaging dataset with Radial Basis Function(RBF)classifier.The study reported promising results with an accuracy of 97.34%,whereas using the Decision Tree(DT)classifier has an accuracy of 94.24%.The proposed approach(DWAE-DNN)is found to classify the images with an accuracy of 98.67%,either as malignant or normal patients.In contrast to the accuracy requirements,the work also uses the benchmark standards like specificity,sensitivity,and precision to evaluate the efficiency of the network.It is found from an investigation that the DT classifier provides the maximum performance in the DWAE-DNN depending on the network’s performance on image testing,as shown by the data acquired by the categorizers themselves.

Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Heart Failure Risk

Heart failure is now widely spread throughout the world.Heart disease affects approximately 48%of the population.It is too expensive and also difficult to cure the disease.This research paper represents machine learning models to predict heart failure.The fundamental concept is to compare the correctness of various Machine Learning(ML)algorithms and boost algorithms to improve models’accuracy for prediction.Some supervised algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Decision Trees(DT),Random Forest(RF),Logistic Regression(LR)are considered to achieve the best results.Some boosting algorithms like Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and Cat-Boost are also used to improve the prediction using Artificial Neural Networks(ANN).This research also focuses on data visualization to identify patterns,trends,and outliers in a massive data set.Python and Scikit-learns are used for ML.Tensor Flow and Keras,along with Python,are used for ANN model train-ing.The DT and RF algorithms achieved the highest accuracy of 95%among the classifiers.Meanwhile,KNN obtained a second height accuracy of 93.33%.XGBoost had a gratified accuracy of 91.67%,SVM,CATBoost,and ANN had an accuracy of 90%,and LR had 88.33%accuracy.

基于机器学习耦合模型预测FDM零件的表面粗糙度

熔融沉积工艺(FDM)制造的零件表面粗糙度高,不仅影响了零件外观,还降低了性能。采用响应面实验设计,研究了层高(A)、填充密度(B)、喷嘴温度(C)、床层温度(D)和打印速度(E)对聚乳酸(PLA)零件表面粗糙度的影响。同时,将遗传算法(GA)与决策树(DT)、人工神经元网络(ANN)两种机器学习模型相结合,预测了零件的表面粗糙度。结果表明,A、B、C和E是显著影响零件表面粗糙度的主效应,A×B、A×C、A×E、B×C、B×E、C×E是影响显著的交互效应。GA+DT耦合模型预测PLA零件表面粗糙度的准确性更高,预测值与实验值的相关系数(R2)、均方误差(MSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)分别为0.952、0.132和0.234,优于GA+ANN的0.823、1.561和1.759。GA+DT模型的预测值与实验值的Pearson相关系数为0.984,而GA+ANN模型仅为0.903,这表明GA+DT模型在预测PLA零件表面粗糙度时准确度更高。

油气场站火灾爆炸风险的神经支持决策树识别与预测

为了有效防控油气场站火灾爆炸事故,从影响因素之间因果关系的角度出发,提出利用神经支持决策树(Neural-Backed Decision Tree,NBDT)算法构建油气火灾爆炸可解释预测模型。该方法利用词频逆向文件频率(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency,TF-IDF)算法从风险描述信息中提取出关键词并计算权重,整合得到64个风险二级因素,构建了油气场站的火灾爆炸数据集;采用神经支持决策树算法构建分类模型,对油气场站火灾爆炸事故进行预测和可解释分析,可以基于数据可视化地分析油气火灾爆炸事故的风险与诱因。结果表明,NBDT模型预测准确率为0.976,AUC为0.913,明显优于其他模型;模型可视化结果分别从单因素和多因素角度分析,确立7种二级风险主控因素和6种二级风险组合主控因素。13种风险主控因素的确立,可以为既有油气场站火灾爆炸预测和防控机制提供理论支撑。

基于BiLSTM-XGBoost混合模型的储层岩性识别

储层岩性分类是地质研究基础,基于数据驱动的机器学习模型虽然能较好地识别储层岩性,但由于测井数据是特殊的序列数据,模型很难有效提取数据的空间相关性,造成模型对储层识别仍存在不足.针对此问题,本文结合双向长短期循环神经网络(bidirectional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)和极端梯度提升决策树(extreme gradient boosting decision tree,XGBoost),提出双向记忆极端梯度提升(BiLSTM-XGBoost,BiXGB)模型预测储层岩性.该模型在传统XGBoost基础上融入了BiLSTM,大大增强了模型对测井数据的特征提取能力.BiXGB模型使用BiLSTM对测井数据进行特征提取,将提取到的特征传递给XGBoost分类模型进行训练和预测.将BiXGB模型应用于储层岩性数据集时,模型预测的总体精度达到了91%.为了进一步验证模型的准确性和稳定性,将模型应用于UCI公开的Occupancy序列数据集,结果显示模型的预测总体精度也高达93%.相较于其他机器学习模型,BiXGB模型能准确地对序列数据进行分类,提高了储层岩性的识别精度,满足了油气勘探的实际需要,为储层岩性识别提供了新的方法.

基于改进SPRINT分类算法的数据挖掘模型

为解决目前数据挖掘模型分类时间长、挖掘准确率不高的问题,提出基于改进决策树分类算法(SPRINT)的数据挖掘模型。先采用最大-最小规范化公式完成原始数据线性变换,利用改进后的SPRINT分类算法按照输入数据特性进行分类,使用协同过滤技术生成与数据相近的属性集,计算数据属性相似度,生成语义规则集,为用户提供更优的数据服务。选取某公司营销数据集作为样本进行对比实验,结果表明,与对比模型相比,所提出的数据挖掘模型分类时间更短,挖掘准确率更高,能为用户提供更优质的数据服务。