In this study, the precipitation transformation and age hardening of solution-treated Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr(wt.%) alloy were investigated at different aging treatment parameters. The precipitation sequences of the alloy...In this study, the precipitation transformation and age hardening of solution-treated Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr(wt.%) alloy were investigated at different aging treatment parameters. The precipitation sequences of the alloy aged at 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ are β’’(DO19) → β’(BCO) → β(FCC), β’’(DO19) → β’(BCO) → β_(1)(FCC) → β(FCC) and β(FCC), respectively. The streaks sequences of the alloy aged at 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ are SF, SF → 14H-LPSO and SF → 14H-LPSO, respectively. For the alloy aged at 200℃ and 250℃, the increase in hardness with increasing aging time is contributed from the increase in precipitate volume fraction and the transformation from β’’ to β’ phase with basal → prismatic and spherical → spindle-like precipitate changes. The decrease in hardness after the peak-aging stage is attributed to the appearance of micro-sized β precipitates. Because of the smaller size of precipitates and the triangular arrangement of β’ precipitate, the hardness of the alloy aged at 200℃ is higher than that aged at 250℃. For the alloy aged at 300℃, the appearance of only micro-sized β precipitate and its coarsening with increasing aging time leads to the lowest hardness and an overall decrease in hardness with the aging time.展开更多
With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterati...With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.展开更多
Youthful feelings were shown to have a positive effect on the mental and physical conditions of the elderly. On the contrary, elderly people whose self-perceived age is older than their chronological age were shown to...Youthful feelings were shown to have a positive effect on the mental and physical conditions of the elderly. On the contrary, elderly people whose self-perceived age is older than their chronological age were shown to experience negative health outcomes. This study investigated whether the self-perceived age (younger or older) relative to chronological age promotes social activity. The baseline data acquired from 3094 older adults as part of the Keeping Active across Generations Uniting the Youth and the Aged study was used in the current study. The participants completed a questionnaire that solicits information pertaining to sociodemographic factors, felt age, self-rated health, physical activity, depression, disease burden, fall history, fear of falling, level of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and social activity. The discrepancy between felt age and chronological age was defined as the self-perceived age. Self-perceived age was calculated by subtracting the participant’s chronological age from the felt age, and the score for the difference was divided by the chronological age. The Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence was used to evaluate social activity. Regression analysis results revealed that a younger self-perceived age was associated with higher social activity after controlling for sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, depression, physical activity, disease burden, level of IADL, fall history and fear of falling. Fall history was significantly associated with higher social activity in young-old participants (65 - 74 years) (p = 0.014) but not in old-old participants (>75 years). This study suggests that a younger self-perceived age in older adults would lead to a high-level living function. This finding may provide useful information for interventions aimed at the promotion of health and/or the prevention of frailty.展开更多
During normal aging,there is a decline in all physiological functions in the organism.One of the most affected organs is the brain,where neurons lose their proper synaptic function leading to cognitive impairment.Agin...During normal aging,there is a decline in all physiological functions in the organism.One of the most affected organs is the brain,where neurons lose their proper synaptic function leading to cognitive impairment.Aging is one of the main risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease.One of the main responsible factors for synaptic dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of abnormal proteins forming aggregates.The most studied brain aggregates are the senile plaques,formed by Aβpeptide;however,the aggregates formed by phosphorylated tau protein have gained relevance in the last years by their toxicity.It is reported that neurons undergo severe mitochondrial dysfunction with age,with a decrease in adenosine 5′-triphosphate production,loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential,redox imbalance,impaired mitophagy,and loss of calcium buffer capacity.Interestingly,abnormal tau protein interacts with several mitochondrial proteins,suggesting that it could induce mitochondrial dysfunction.Nevertheless,whether tau-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction occurs indirectly or directly is still unknown.A recent study of our laboratory shows that phosphorylated tau at Ser396/404(known as PHF-1),an epitope commonly related to pathology,accumulates inside mitochondria during normal aging.This accumulation occurs preferentially in synaptic mitochondria,which suggests that it may contribute to the synaptic failure and cognitive impairment seen in aged individuals.Here,we review the main tau modifications promoting mitochondrial dysfunction,and the possible mechanism involved.Also,we discuss the evidence that supports the possibility that phosphorylated tau accumulation in synaptic mitochondria promotes synaptic and cognitive impairment in aging.Finally,we show evidence and argue about the presence of phosphorylated tau PHF-1 inside mitochondria in Alzheimer’s disease,which could be considered as an early event in the neurodegenerative process.Thus,phosphorylated tau PHF-1 inside the mitochondria could be considered such a potential therapeutic target to prevent or attenuate age-related cognitive impairment.展开更多
MORE than 10 years ago, the song Come Home As Often As You Can to See Your Parents became popular in China, reminding young people of their obli- gation to set aside their hectic lives and return to their hometowns to...MORE than 10 years ago, the song Come Home As Often As You Can to See Your Parents became popular in China, reminding young people of their obli- gation to set aside their hectic lives and return to their hometowns to visit their aging parents. Today, the idea expressed in this song has been codified in Chinese law.展开更多
A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechan...A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and creep aging process. The results show that creep strain and creep rate increase with the applied stress. The hardness of specimen varies with aging time and stress in a effect of temperature on hardness of material is seen in the range of 185-195 ℃. The optimum mechanical properties are obtained at the conditions of (200 MPa, 185 ℃, 8 h) as the result of the coexistence of strengthening S" and S' phases in the matrix by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM observation shows that applied stress promotes the formation and growth of precioitates and no obvious stress orientation effect is observed in the matrix.展开更多
Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and imp...Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and impaired perinatal and post-natal outcome of offspring, has been thoroughly investigated, and these aspectsare clinically applied during fertility and pregestational counseling. Male aging and reproductive outcome has gained relatively less attention. The purpose of this review is to evaluate updated and relevant literature on the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcome.展开更多
Modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thir...Modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thirties, the effect of age on spermatogenesis is less well described. While there are no known limits to the age at which men can father children, the effects of advanced paternal age are incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding advanced paternal age and its implications on semen quality, reproductive success and offspring health. This review will serve as a guide to physicians in counseling men about the decision to delay paternity and the risks involved with conception later in life.展开更多
Empirical evidence suggests that the stability of personality itself contributes to successful ageing and is associated with longer life. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between personality tr...Empirical evidence suggests that the stability of personality itself contributes to successful ageing and is associated with longer life. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between personality traits and the self-perceived health status, stratified by medical conditions in a representative sample of non-institutionalized elderly people in Chile. The data used for this study come from the fourth waves (2009) of the Chilean Social Protection Survey (SPS-2009). Included were a total of 2655 subjects aged 65 and over. The results showed that higher scores of all five personality factors were associated with good health. Those with the perception of poor health were more likely to be female, with lower education level and older than those with good health. With the exception of agreeableness, strong and significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated for extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness, among elderly with medical conditions. Among elderly without medical problems, significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated only for extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. This study has shown that there is a consistent association between personality factors and self-perceived health throughout the older population. Our results suggest that extraversion and openness traits could be acting as “protector” factors and agreeableness and conscientiousness traits as “resilient” factors, facing to the health problems among elderly people.展开更多
Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional...Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional connectivity,but they also found increases in some particular regions and areas.Frequently,these studies compared young individuals with older subjects,but few studies compared different age groups only in older populations.The purpose of this study is to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity in healthy older adult groups and its network characteristics through functional segregation.A total of 114 individuals,48 to 89 years old,were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a resting state paradigm and were divided into six different age groups(<60,60–64,65–69,70–74,75–79,≥80 years old).A partial correlation analysis,a pooled correlation analysis and a study of 3-cycle regions with prominent connectivity were conducted.Our results showed progressive diminution in the functional connectivity among different age groups and this was particularly pronounced between 75 and 79 years old.The oldest group(≥80 years old)showed a slight increase in functional connectivity compared to the other groups.This occurred possibly because of compensatory mechanism in brain functioning.This study provides information on the brain functional characteristics of every age group,with more specific information on the functional progressive decline,and supplies methodological tools to study functional connectivity characteristics.Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Comision de Bioetica de la Universidad de Barcelona(approval No.PSI2012-38257)on June 5,2012,and from the ethics committee of the Barcelona’s Hospital Clinic(approval No.2009-5306 and 2011-6604)on October 22,2009 and April 7,2011 respectively.展开更多
An aging-induced decrease in Schwann cell viability can affect regeneration following peripheral nerve injury in mammals. It is therefore necessary to investigate possible age-related changes in gene expression that m...An aging-induced decrease in Schwann cell viability can affect regeneration following peripheral nerve injury in mammals. It is therefore necessary to investigate possible age-related changes in gene expression that may affect the biological function of peripheral nerves. Ten 1-week-old and ten 12-month-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into young(1 week old) and adult(12 months old) groups according to their ages. mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve was compared between young and adult rats using next-generation sequencing(NGS) and bioinformatics(n = 4/group). The 18 groups of differentially expressed mRNA(DEmRNAs) were also tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(n = 6/group). Results revealed that(1) compared with young rats, adult rats had 3608 groups of DEmRNAs. Of these, 2684 were groups of upregulated genes, and 924 were groups of downregulated genes. Their functions mainly involved cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, and myelination.(2) The gene with the most obvious increase of all DEmRNAs in adult rats was Thrsp(log2 FC = 9.01, P 〈 0.05), and the gene with the most obvious reduction was Col2 a1(log2 FC = -8.89, P 〈 0.05).(3) Gene Ontology analysis showed that DEmRNAs were mainly concentrated in oligosaccharide binding, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing one signaling pathway, and peptide-transporting ATPase activity.(4) Analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that, with increased age, DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and graft-versus-host disease.(5) Spearman's correlation coefficient method for evaluating NGS accuracy showed that the NGS results and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results were positively correlated(rs = 0.74, P 〈 0.05). These findings confirm a difference in sciatic nerve gene expression between adult and young rats, suggesting that, in peripheral nerves, cells and the microenvironment change with age, thus influencing the function and repair of peripheral nerves.展开更多
Using a theoretical model, this article concludes that age structures influence people's propensity to save and thereby influence their capital intensity. In the context that capital and labor are in a substitutional...Using a theoretical model, this article concludes that age structures influence people's propensity to save and thereby influence their capital intensity. In the context that capital and labor are in a substitutional relation, increased capital intensity may lead to a drop of labor income share. We perform empirical research with provincial-level data from 1990 to 2007 and have proved that the rising of the old dependency ratio and the decrease of the children dependency rate both contribute to the fall of labor income share. This assumption still holds true after the authors control the influences of other potential factors that may influence labor income share展开更多
Compared with developed countries, the main characteristics of population ageing in China have been regarded as a rapid ageing society. However, China and other Asian countries have been experiencing the demographic t...Compared with developed countries, the main characteristics of population ageing in China have been regarded as a rapid ageing society. However, China and other Asian countries have been experiencing the demographic transition simultaneously, it is better to understand the characteristics of population ageing in China when compared with other Asian countries. Using the latest UN data, this paper compares the percentage of elderly population, the speed of ageing and the size of aged population among China and other Asian countries. The result indicates that China has a relatively high percentage of aged population, relatively rapid ageing population and will keep the largest size of aged population of the world in the next 60 years.展开更多
Objectives:Advertising messages can affect the public as a risk or protective factor for socially disadvantaged groups,and they may reflect how characters reflect perceptions are perceived in a society.This study aime...Objectives:Advertising messages can affect the public as a risk or protective factor for socially disadvantaged groups,and they may reflect how characters reflect perceptions are perceived in a society.This study aimed to investigate how older people are portrayed in televised food commercials from the approach of a healthy aging perspective in contemporary Chinese society.Methods:All televised advertising in the Ad Topic archive were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria,and a total of 164 commercials from the years of 2016-2019 that portrayed Chinese older people were sampled.The association between the main older characters with the product categories,healthy vs.unhealthy foods,use of health claims,sex,type of spokesperson,companions,and tones and manners were included in the analysis.Results:Older people more frequently appeared in unhealthy food products than in healthy food products.Health claims involving older adults were portrayed adequately,whereas nursing professions as companions of older adults were overlooked.Positive advertising that delivered happy,caring,or warm tones was overwhelmingly represented.Thus,the advertising messages circulated in China represent a binary stereotype model of images of older adults'characteristics that reflect ageist and the so-called agelessism,referring to the new application of the look from the approach of social psychology and marketing field.Conclusions:This study examined aging discrimination reflected in advertisements.Studies exploring the impact of a crisis remain limited.Research is needed to improve the accuracy of advertised healthy older adults and normal aging.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Due to the growth of the elderly population, there is a notable lack of preparation among family members and society to face the challenges of this new reality, resulting in ...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Due to the growth of the elderly population, there is a notable lack of preparation among family members and society to face the challenges of this new reality, resulting in an increasing demand for homes for the aged (HA). It is necessary to understand how the impairment of physical health, mental health and the level of depression can affect the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly who live in homes for the aged. <strong>Objective:</strong> To describe the correlation between depression and functionality of elderly people who live in homes for the aged. <strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional, descriptive study with 70 elderly people of both sexes, aged 60 years or older, who live in HA in the state of Rio de Janeiro. <strong>Result: </strong>It was verified that the female gender was predominant in the HA consulted. The majority of elderly live in HA voluntarily 48.6% and that 41.43% did not complete elementary school. The majority of the elderly 81.43% had the ability to perform basic activities of daily living and the elderly 52.86% had normal psychological pictures. The worsening of the depressive picture is associated with the worse functioning of elderly who live in HA (p < 0.02). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression is a factor that is associated with the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly. The worse the functional level of the institutionalized elderly, the greater the chances of presenting a depressive state.展开更多
In recent years, China's aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resul...In recent years, China's aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resulting in a waste of human resources, increasing the operating pressure pensions, working hours inequity the negative impact on the existing retirement system challenges. Recently, the delay of the retirement age controversy sparked widespread concern in the community, the paper is as a starting point, a comprehensive analysis of the social contradictions of the current status of China's current retirement system, drawing on the successful adjustment of retirement abroad experience from multiple perspectives demonstrates the urgency of delayed retirement age and feasibility. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter proposes the research background and significance of the age of retirement, as well as domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of research in the retirement age. The second chapter describes the status of China's retirement system, the contradiction between the implementation of the background, family problems and the current retirement age and the aging population about three aspects. The third chapter analyzes the feasibility to extend the retirement age. Chapter IV presents a delayed retirement policies and recommendations, with emphasis on "flexible retirement system."展开更多
At present, China has entered the aging society, pension issues are more concerned about today’s social hot issues, is also an important livelihood issues. From the analysis of the physiological and psychological cha...At present, China has entered the aging society, pension issues are more concerned about today’s social hot issues, is also an important livelihood issues. From the analysis of the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly, this paper discusses how to strengthen the development of the human resources of the aged and the aged, and give full play to the value of “old age”, to promote the elderly to regain their independent spirit.展开更多
Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs), play a crucial part in advancing the process of cellular skin aging and its link to chronological age was re-assessed. AGEs accumulation alters cell structure and function of mo...Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs), play a crucial part in advancing the process of cellular skin aging and its link to chronological age was re-assessed. AGEs accumulation alters cell structure and function of most types of skin cells, affecting skin’s mechanical and physiological properties, following the molecular transformations. Slowdown AGEs accumulation rate in skin, although a potent anti-aging strategy, is difficult and tricky. The lack of working methods for <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>In-Vitro</i></span> and <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>In-Vitro</i></span> measuring AGEs level complicates the evaluation and prediction of active ingredients’ ability to affect cellular AGEs accumulation. A two-step <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>In-Vitro</i></span> systematic screening method is proposed and three different cosmetic active ingredients were selected for its demonstration, using BSA-Glucose and Collagen-Glucose predicting models. Candidates’ effects on AGEs accumulation were evaluated as standalone, and when formulated in a blend. Additionally, the potency of non-invasive auto-fluorescence in-vivo measurement to detect AGEs levels among subjects of different ages was demonstrated. The results are presented in this work and the potential contribution of the proposed system to assist the desired inhibition of AGEs accumulation in skin is discussed.展开更多
The problem of aging, as a severe test in the world, has attracted wide attention all over the world. This article will study the development of the tourism pension industry on the basis of traditional old-age mode, c...The problem of aging, as a severe test in the world, has attracted wide attention all over the world. This article will study the development of the tourism pension industry on the basis of traditional old-age mode, compare the experience of the development of foreign tourism for the aged, and finally put forward some suggestions and thinking for the development of China's special color.展开更多
Epigenetic clocks are accurate predictors of human chronological age based on the analysis of DNA methylation(DNAm)at specific CpG sites.However,a systematic comparison between DNA methylation data and other omics dat...Epigenetic clocks are accurate predictors of human chronological age based on the analysis of DNA methylation(DNAm)at specific CpG sites.However,a systematic comparison between DNA methylation data and other omics datasets has not yet been performed.Moreover,available DNAm age predictors are based on datasets with limited ethnic representation.To address these knowledge gaps,we generated and analyzed DNA methylation datasets from two independent Chinese cohorts,revealing age-related DNAm changes.Additionally,a DNA methylation aging clock(iCAS-DNAmAge)and a group of DNAm-based multi-modal clocks for Chinese individuals were developed,with most of them demonstrating strong predictive capabilities for chronological age.The clocks were further employed to predict factors influencing aging rates.The DNAm aging clock,derived from multi-modal aging features(compositeAge-DNAmAge),exhibited a close association with multi-omics changes,lifestyles,and disease status,underscoring its robust potential for precise biological age assessment.Our findings offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of age-related DNAm changes and extend the application of the DNAm clock for measuring biological age and aging pace,providing the basis for evaluating aging intervention strategies.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Key R&D program of Shanxi Province (International Cooperation) (No.201903D421036)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No.201901D111176)+5 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U20A20230)the Bureau of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense of China (No.WDZC2019JJ006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52075501)Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (No.201802072)the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program (No.JCKY2018408B003)the XX Supporting Scientific Research Project (No.xxxx-2019-021)。
文摘In this study, the precipitation transformation and age hardening of solution-treated Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr(wt.%) alloy were investigated at different aging treatment parameters. The precipitation sequences of the alloy aged at 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ are β’’(DO19) → β’(BCO) → β(FCC), β’’(DO19) → β’(BCO) → β_(1)(FCC) → β(FCC) and β(FCC), respectively. The streaks sequences of the alloy aged at 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ are SF, SF → 14H-LPSO and SF → 14H-LPSO, respectively. For the alloy aged at 200℃ and 250℃, the increase in hardness with increasing aging time is contributed from the increase in precipitate volume fraction and the transformation from β’’ to β’ phase with basal → prismatic and spherical → spindle-like precipitate changes. The decrease in hardness after the peak-aging stage is attributed to the appearance of micro-sized β precipitates. Because of the smaller size of precipitates and the triangular arrangement of β’ precipitate, the hardness of the alloy aged at 200℃ is higher than that aged at 250℃. For the alloy aged at 300℃, the appearance of only micro-sized β precipitate and its coarsening with increasing aging time leads to the lowest hardness and an overall decrease in hardness with the aging time.
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin,No.2022BKY173(to LZ)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL).
文摘With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.
文摘Youthful feelings were shown to have a positive effect on the mental and physical conditions of the elderly. On the contrary, elderly people whose self-perceived age is older than their chronological age were shown to experience negative health outcomes. This study investigated whether the self-perceived age (younger or older) relative to chronological age promotes social activity. The baseline data acquired from 3094 older adults as part of the Keeping Active across Generations Uniting the Youth and the Aged study was used in the current study. The participants completed a questionnaire that solicits information pertaining to sociodemographic factors, felt age, self-rated health, physical activity, depression, disease burden, fall history, fear of falling, level of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and social activity. The discrepancy between felt age and chronological age was defined as the self-perceived age. Self-perceived age was calculated by subtracting the participant’s chronological age from the felt age, and the score for the difference was divided by the chronological age. The Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence was used to evaluate social activity. Regression analysis results revealed that a younger self-perceived age was associated with higher social activity after controlling for sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, depression, physical activity, disease burden, level of IADL, fall history and fear of falling. Fall history was significantly associated with higher social activity in young-old participants (65 - 74 years) (p = 0.014) but not in old-old participants (>75 years). This study suggests that a younger self-perceived age in older adults would lead to a high-level living function. This finding may provide useful information for interventions aimed at the promotion of health and/or the prevention of frailty.
基金supported by FONDECYT,No.11170546,CONICYT PAI,No.77170091(to CTR)FONDECYT,No.3210591(to CJ).
文摘During normal aging,there is a decline in all physiological functions in the organism.One of the most affected organs is the brain,where neurons lose their proper synaptic function leading to cognitive impairment.Aging is one of the main risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease.One of the main responsible factors for synaptic dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of abnormal proteins forming aggregates.The most studied brain aggregates are the senile plaques,formed by Aβpeptide;however,the aggregates formed by phosphorylated tau protein have gained relevance in the last years by their toxicity.It is reported that neurons undergo severe mitochondrial dysfunction with age,with a decrease in adenosine 5′-triphosphate production,loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential,redox imbalance,impaired mitophagy,and loss of calcium buffer capacity.Interestingly,abnormal tau protein interacts with several mitochondrial proteins,suggesting that it could induce mitochondrial dysfunction.Nevertheless,whether tau-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction occurs indirectly or directly is still unknown.A recent study of our laboratory shows that phosphorylated tau at Ser396/404(known as PHF-1),an epitope commonly related to pathology,accumulates inside mitochondria during normal aging.This accumulation occurs preferentially in synaptic mitochondria,which suggests that it may contribute to the synaptic failure and cognitive impairment seen in aged individuals.Here,we review the main tau modifications promoting mitochondrial dysfunction,and the possible mechanism involved.Also,we discuss the evidence that supports the possibility that phosphorylated tau accumulation in synaptic mitochondria promotes synaptic and cognitive impairment in aging.Finally,we show evidence and argue about the presence of phosphorylated tau PHF-1 inside mitochondria in Alzheimer’s disease,which could be considered as an early event in the neurodegenerative process.Thus,phosphorylated tau PHF-1 inside the mitochondria could be considered such a potential therapeutic target to prevent or attenuate age-related cognitive impairment.
文摘MORE than 10 years ago, the song Come Home As Often As You Can to See Your Parents became popular in China, reminding young people of their obli- gation to set aside their hectic lives and return to their hometowns to visit their aging parents. Today, the idea expressed in this song has been codified in Chinese law.
基金Project(51235010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB731700)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(20120162110003)supported by PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and creep aging process. The results show that creep strain and creep rate increase with the applied stress. The hardness of specimen varies with aging time and stress in a effect of temperature on hardness of material is seen in the range of 185-195 ℃. The optimum mechanical properties are obtained at the conditions of (200 MPa, 185 ℃, 8 h) as the result of the coexistence of strengthening S" and S' phases in the matrix by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM observation shows that applied stress promotes the formation and growth of precioitates and no obvious stress orientation effect is observed in the matrix.
文摘Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and impaired perinatal and post-natal outcome of offspring, has been thoroughly investigated, and these aspectsare clinically applied during fertility and pregestational counseling. Male aging and reproductive outcome has gained relatively less attention. The purpose of this review is to evaluate updated and relevant literature on the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcome.
文摘Modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thirties, the effect of age on spermatogenesis is less well described. While there are no known limits to the age at which men can father children, the effects of advanced paternal age are incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding advanced paternal age and its implications on semen quality, reproductive success and offspring health. This review will serve as a guide to physicians in counseling men about the decision to delay paternity and the risks involved with conception later in life.
文摘Empirical evidence suggests that the stability of personality itself contributes to successful ageing and is associated with longer life. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between personality traits and the self-perceived health status, stratified by medical conditions in a representative sample of non-institutionalized elderly people in Chile. The data used for this study come from the fourth waves (2009) of the Chilean Social Protection Survey (SPS-2009). Included were a total of 2655 subjects aged 65 and over. The results showed that higher scores of all five personality factors were associated with good health. Those with the perception of poor health were more likely to be female, with lower education level and older than those with good health. With the exception of agreeableness, strong and significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated for extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness, among elderly with medical conditions. Among elderly without medical problems, significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated only for extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. This study has shown that there is a consistent association between personality factors and self-perceived health throughout the older population. Our results suggest that extraversion and openness traits could be acting as “protector” factors and agreeableness and conscientiousness traits as “resilient” factors, facing to the health problems among elderly people.
基金the Grup de Recerca en Tecniques Estadistiques Avancades Aplicades a la Psicologia(GTEAAP)members of the Generalitat de Catalunya’s 2014 SGR 326 Consolidated Research Group(GRC)the PSI2013-41400-P project of Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government
文摘Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional connectivity,but they also found increases in some particular regions and areas.Frequently,these studies compared young individuals with older subjects,but few studies compared different age groups only in older populations.The purpose of this study is to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity in healthy older adult groups and its network characteristics through functional segregation.A total of 114 individuals,48 to 89 years old,were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a resting state paradigm and were divided into six different age groups(<60,60–64,65–69,70–74,75–79,≥80 years old).A partial correlation analysis,a pooled correlation analysis and a study of 3-cycle regions with prominent connectivity were conducted.Our results showed progressive diminution in the functional connectivity among different age groups and this was particularly pronounced between 75 and 79 years old.The oldest group(≥80 years old)showed a slight increase in functional connectivity compared to the other groups.This occurred possibly because of compensatory mechanism in brain functioning.This study provides information on the brain functional characteristics of every age group,with more specific information on the functional progressive decline,and supplies methodological tools to study functional connectivity characteristics.Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Comision de Bioetica de la Universidad de Barcelona(approval No.PSI2012-38257)on June 5,2012,and from the ethics committee of the Barcelona’s Hospital Clinic(approval No.2009-5306 and 2011-6604)on October 22,2009 and April 7,2011 respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81201546(to YXL)the Doctoral Start-up Program of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2017A030310302(to ZWZ)+1 种基金the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.A2016018(to BH)the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province of China,No.2016A010103012(to JHL)
文摘An aging-induced decrease in Schwann cell viability can affect regeneration following peripheral nerve injury in mammals. It is therefore necessary to investigate possible age-related changes in gene expression that may affect the biological function of peripheral nerves. Ten 1-week-old and ten 12-month-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into young(1 week old) and adult(12 months old) groups according to their ages. mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve was compared between young and adult rats using next-generation sequencing(NGS) and bioinformatics(n = 4/group). The 18 groups of differentially expressed mRNA(DEmRNAs) were also tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(n = 6/group). Results revealed that(1) compared with young rats, adult rats had 3608 groups of DEmRNAs. Of these, 2684 were groups of upregulated genes, and 924 were groups of downregulated genes. Their functions mainly involved cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, and myelination.(2) The gene with the most obvious increase of all DEmRNAs in adult rats was Thrsp(log2 FC = 9.01, P 〈 0.05), and the gene with the most obvious reduction was Col2 a1(log2 FC = -8.89, P 〈 0.05).(3) Gene Ontology analysis showed that DEmRNAs were mainly concentrated in oligosaccharide binding, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing one signaling pathway, and peptide-transporting ATPase activity.(4) Analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that, with increased age, DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and graft-versus-host disease.(5) Spearman's correlation coefficient method for evaluating NGS accuracy showed that the NGS results and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results were positively correlated(rs = 0.74, P 〈 0.05). These findings confirm a difference in sciatic nerve gene expression between adult and young rats, suggesting that, in peripheral nerves, cells and the microenvironment change with age, thus influencing the function and repair of peripheral nerves.
文摘Using a theoretical model, this article concludes that age structures influence people's propensity to save and thereby influence their capital intensity. In the context that capital and labor are in a substitutional relation, increased capital intensity may lead to a drop of labor income share. We perform empirical research with provincial-level data from 1990 to 2007 and have proved that the rising of the old dependency ratio and the decrease of the children dependency rate both contribute to the fall of labor income share. This assumption still holds true after the authors control the influences of other potential factors that may influence labor income share
文摘Compared with developed countries, the main characteristics of population ageing in China have been regarded as a rapid ageing society. However, China and other Asian countries have been experiencing the demographic transition simultaneously, it is better to understand the characteristics of population ageing in China when compared with other Asian countries. Using the latest UN data, this paper compares the percentage of elderly population, the speed of ageing and the size of aged population among China and other Asian countries. The result indicates that China has a relatively high percentage of aged population, relatively rapid ageing population and will keep the largest size of aged population of the world in the next 60 years.
基金the University of Macao(Grant No.:MYRG2019-00079-FSS).
文摘Objectives:Advertising messages can affect the public as a risk or protective factor for socially disadvantaged groups,and they may reflect how characters reflect perceptions are perceived in a society.This study aimed to investigate how older people are portrayed in televised food commercials from the approach of a healthy aging perspective in contemporary Chinese society.Methods:All televised advertising in the Ad Topic archive were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria,and a total of 164 commercials from the years of 2016-2019 that portrayed Chinese older people were sampled.The association between the main older characters with the product categories,healthy vs.unhealthy foods,use of health claims,sex,type of spokesperson,companions,and tones and manners were included in the analysis.Results:Older people more frequently appeared in unhealthy food products than in healthy food products.Health claims involving older adults were portrayed adequately,whereas nursing professions as companions of older adults were overlooked.Positive advertising that delivered happy,caring,or warm tones was overwhelmingly represented.Thus,the advertising messages circulated in China represent a binary stereotype model of images of older adults'characteristics that reflect ageist and the so-called agelessism,referring to the new application of the look from the approach of social psychology and marketing field.Conclusions:This study examined aging discrimination reflected in advertisements.Studies exploring the impact of a crisis remain limited.Research is needed to improve the accuracy of advertised healthy older adults and normal aging.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Due to the growth of the elderly population, there is a notable lack of preparation among family members and society to face the challenges of this new reality, resulting in an increasing demand for homes for the aged (HA). It is necessary to understand how the impairment of physical health, mental health and the level of depression can affect the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly who live in homes for the aged. <strong>Objective:</strong> To describe the correlation between depression and functionality of elderly people who live in homes for the aged. <strong>Method:</strong> A cross-sectional, descriptive study with 70 elderly people of both sexes, aged 60 years or older, who live in HA in the state of Rio de Janeiro. <strong>Result: </strong>It was verified that the female gender was predominant in the HA consulted. The majority of elderly live in HA voluntarily 48.6% and that 41.43% did not complete elementary school. The majority of the elderly 81.43% had the ability to perform basic activities of daily living and the elderly 52.86% had normal psychological pictures. The worsening of the depressive picture is associated with the worse functioning of elderly who live in HA (p < 0.02). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression is a factor that is associated with the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly. The worse the functional level of the institutionalized elderly, the greater the chances of presenting a depressive state.
文摘In recent years, China's aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resulting in a waste of human resources, increasing the operating pressure pensions, working hours inequity the negative impact on the existing retirement system challenges. Recently, the delay of the retirement age controversy sparked widespread concern in the community, the paper is as a starting point, a comprehensive analysis of the social contradictions of the current status of China's current retirement system, drawing on the successful adjustment of retirement abroad experience from multiple perspectives demonstrates the urgency of delayed retirement age and feasibility. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter proposes the research background and significance of the age of retirement, as well as domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of research in the retirement age. The second chapter describes the status of China's retirement system, the contradiction between the implementation of the background, family problems and the current retirement age and the aging population about three aspects. The third chapter analyzes the feasibility to extend the retirement age. Chapter IV presents a delayed retirement policies and recommendations, with emphasis on "flexible retirement system."
文摘At present, China has entered the aging society, pension issues are more concerned about today’s social hot issues, is also an important livelihood issues. From the analysis of the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly, this paper discusses how to strengthen the development of the human resources of the aged and the aged, and give full play to the value of “old age”, to promote the elderly to regain their independent spirit.
文摘Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs), play a crucial part in advancing the process of cellular skin aging and its link to chronological age was re-assessed. AGEs accumulation alters cell structure and function of most types of skin cells, affecting skin’s mechanical and physiological properties, following the molecular transformations. Slowdown AGEs accumulation rate in skin, although a potent anti-aging strategy, is difficult and tricky. The lack of working methods for <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>In-Vitro</i></span> and <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>In-Vitro</i></span> measuring AGEs level complicates the evaluation and prediction of active ingredients’ ability to affect cellular AGEs accumulation. A two-step <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>In-Vitro</i></span> systematic screening method is proposed and three different cosmetic active ingredients were selected for its demonstration, using BSA-Glucose and Collagen-Glucose predicting models. Candidates’ effects on AGEs accumulation were evaluated as standalone, and when formulated in a blend. Additionally, the potency of non-invasive auto-fluorescence in-vivo measurement to detect AGEs levels among subjects of different ages was demonstrated. The results are presented in this work and the potential contribution of the proposed system to assist the desired inhibition of AGEs accumulation in skin is discussed.
文摘The problem of aging, as a severe test in the world, has attracted wide attention all over the world. This article will study the development of the tourism pension industry on the basis of traditional old-age mode, compare the experience of the development of foreign tourism for the aged, and finally put forward some suggestions and thinking for the development of China's special color.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1201000,2022YFA1103700)the Quzhou Technology Projects(2022K46)+13 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32121001,81921006,82125011,92149301,82361148131,82192863)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0804000,2020YFA0112200,the STI2030-Major Projects-2021ZD0202400,2021YFA1101000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92168201,92049304,92049116,82122024,82071588,32000510,8236114813082271600,82322025,82330044,32341001)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-076,YSBR-012)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB38010400)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJSTS-QYZD-2021-08-001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z230011,5242024)the Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-WX2021SF-0301,CAS-WX2022SDC-XK14,CAS-WX2021SF-0101)New Cormerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE(2021-1045)YouthInnovation Promotion Association of CAS(E1CAZW0401,2022083)Excellent Young Talents Program of Capital Medical University(12300927)the Project for Technology Development of Beijing-affliated Medical ResearchInstitutes(11000023T000002036310)ExcellentYoung Talents Training Program for the Construction of Beijing Municipal University Teacher Team(BPHR202203105)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001)Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(JYY202X-X).
文摘Epigenetic clocks are accurate predictors of human chronological age based on the analysis of DNA methylation(DNAm)at specific CpG sites.However,a systematic comparison between DNA methylation data and other omics datasets has not yet been performed.Moreover,available DNAm age predictors are based on datasets with limited ethnic representation.To address these knowledge gaps,we generated and analyzed DNA methylation datasets from two independent Chinese cohorts,revealing age-related DNAm changes.Additionally,a DNA methylation aging clock(iCAS-DNAmAge)and a group of DNAm-based multi-modal clocks for Chinese individuals were developed,with most of them demonstrating strong predictive capabilities for chronological age.The clocks were further employed to predict factors influencing aging rates.The DNAm aging clock,derived from multi-modal aging features(compositeAge-DNAmAge),exhibited a close association with multi-omics changes,lifestyles,and disease status,underscoring its robust potential for precise biological age assessment.Our findings offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of age-related DNAm changes and extend the application of the DNAm clock for measuring biological age and aging pace,providing the basis for evaluating aging intervention strategies.