The Path to Growth and Maturity for Young Students: Embracing Independence and Self- Reliance

Young students are the future of our country and the hope of our nation.The healthy growth of young students must rely on independence and self-reliance.From the perspectives of family,society,and school,this article explores the cultivation of young students’spirit of independence and self-reliance,which should be grasped from three aspects:recognizing the situation,identifying the reasons,and taking effective measures.

What the Community Requires——Self-reliance Not Total Independence

Ralph Waldo Emerson 's essay Self-reliance is one of the major writings that helped carve the ethnic American individualism and form the intellectual basis of today's writers.Self-reliant individuals are so closely associated with the society that people involved in it must learn how to deal with the relationship with it.Total independence is an illusion,an illusion which blinds us to the realities and the deficiencies of our dependencies and the dependencies of others upon us.

Bacterial diversity in Arctic marine sediment determined by culture-dependent and-independent approaches

Bacterial diversity in surface sediment from the Arctic Ocean was investigated by culture-dependent and-independent approaches. Conventional culture-dependent techniques revealed 11 strains based on their distinct morphological characteristics on marine Zobell 2216E agar plates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to three major lineages of the Bacteria,γ-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and that they included 10 genera. Most isolates were psychrotrophic, and NaCl was not necessary for their growth. Furthermore, they exhibited activity of at least one extracellular hydrolytic enzyme at 4＆#176;C and had various abilities to assimilate carbon sources. A total of 67 phylotypes were detected among 142 clones based on the 16S rRNA library of the total community DNA and grouped into nine major lineages of bacteria. Phylotypes afifliated withγ-,δ-andε-proteobacteria accounted for 36.7%, 21.8%and 16.9%of the total clones, respectively. The rest of the clones belonged to Bacteroidetes,α-proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Nitrospirae and an unclassiifed group.

The Use of Field Dependence/Independence in Language Acquisition

Field dependence/independence in Language Acquisition are discussed by many language learners.In this article,we will mainly focus on talking about the cognitive style,including the concept of Field-dependence/independence,their character istics and differences and functions in language acquisition.

Estimates for the ruin probability of a time-dependent renewal risk model with dependent by-claims

Consider a continuous-time renewal risk model, in which every main claim induces a delayed by-claim. Assume that the main claim sizes and the inter-arrival times form a sequence of identically distributed random pairs, with each pair obeying a dependence structure, and so do the by-claim sizes and the delay times. Supposing that the main claim sizes with by-claim sizes form a sequence of dependent random variables with dominatedly varying tails, asymptotic estimates for the ruin probability of the surplus process are investigated, by establishing a weakly asymptotic formula, as the initial surplus tends to infinity.

BSS algorithm for dependent signals using Cook's nonGaussianity measure

Based on the generalization of the central limit theorem(CLT) to special dependent variables, this paper shows that maximization of the nonGaussianity(NG) measure can separate the statistically dependent source signals, and the novel NG measure is given by Cook's Euclidean distance using the Chebyshev-Hermite series expansion. Then, a novel blind source separation (BSS) algorithm for linear mixed signals is proposed using Cook's NG measure, which makes it possible to separate statistically dependent source signals. Moreover, the proposed separation algorithm can result in the famous FastICA algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed separation algorithm is able to separate the dependent signals and yield ideal

Polymer types regulation strategy toward the synthesis of carbonized polymer dots with excitation-wavelength dependent or independent fluorescence

Three kinds of carbonized polymer dots(CPDs) synthesized via a one-pot process from ophenylenediamine(OPD), m-phenylenediamine(MPD) and p-phenylenediamine(PPD) exhibit excitationwavelength independent yellow, green and red emissions, respectively. In sharp contrast, two kinds of CPDs prepared via a hydrothermal process from citric acid(CA) and diethylenetriamine(DETA) exhibit obvious excitation-wavelength dependent emissions. Through the characterization and comparison of the two types of CPDs, it is concretely revealed that the polymer structure types during the formation of CPDs can effectively control the fluorescence excitation-wavelength independence/dependence. The homogeneous polymer structures contained in CPDs contribute to excitation-wavelength independence, whereas random copolymer structures contribute to excitation-wavelength dependence. These studies are of great significance for further understanding the polymer structures and designing unique optical properties of CPDs.

季节变化对仿刺参Toll样受体信号通路基因表达的影响

为探明季节变化对仿刺参先天性免疫系统中的重要免疫通路——Toll样受体(TLR)信号通路相关基因表达的影响,2018年1—12月,每月中旬从辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院引育种中心的仿刺参单养池塘采集仿刺参样品9只,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定仿刺参TLR信号通路主要因子的转录表达水平,同时测定池塘的主要水环境参数,通过皮尔逊相关性分析方法分析仿刺参TLR信号通路主要因子的转录表达与环境因子季节性变化的相关性。试验结果显示,6月Toll、IRAK4、P105、TAK、IκKβ、Rel、TLR3、TBK及IRF8基因的表达水平较低,表明仿刺参体内TLR信号通路的应答能力在夏初较低。通过相关性分析发现,MyD88和TRAF6基因转录表达的季节性变化与溶解氧水平的季节性变化呈显著正相关、TAK基因和TBK基因转录表达的季节性变化与水环境的氧化还原电位呈显著正相关、IRF8基因转录表达与水温呈显著负相关、SARM基因转录表达与水温呈显著正相关,表明池塘环境因子的季节变化影响仿刺参TLR信号通路相关因子的表达。氧化还原电位影响MyD88依赖途径,且是关键环境因子,溶解氧是影响MyD88依赖途径的关键环境因子,而水温是影响MyD88非依赖途径的关键环境因子。

OXSR1活性对p53依赖和非依赖途径介导的犬肾细胞凋亡的影响

【目的】研究氧化应激反应激酶1(oxidative stress-responsive 1,OXSR1)在犬肾细胞(Madin-Darby canine kidney cell,MDCK)凋亡中的作用,为深入理解MDCK凋亡通路及研究以OXSR1基因为靶向的MDCK凋亡的干预疗法提供参考。【方法】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术在MDCK-Cas9细胞上构建OXSR1基因敲除细胞系,在OXSR1基因敲除细胞中转入OXSR1基因回补与失活质粒以构建OXSR1基因回补与失活细胞系。以刺激剂MMC、JNJ-26854165、Rotenone分别刺激野生型细胞与OXSR1基因敲除、回补、失活细胞,通过流式细胞术检测激活的p53依赖和非依赖途径、ROS信号通路介导的细胞凋亡,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测相关凋亡基因的表达情况。【结果】靶序列出现明显的Indel特征,证实OXSR1基因敲除细胞系构建成功。Western blotting检测显示,OXSR1基因回补与失活细胞系构建成功。流式细胞术发现,刺激剂MMC、JNJ-26854165、Rotenone均能诱导细胞发生不同程度的凋亡,其中在MMC和Rotenone刺激下,OXSR1基因敲除细胞凋亡率极显著或显著低于野生型细胞和OXSR1基因回补细胞(P<0.01;P<0.05),与OXSR1基因失活细胞无显著差别(P>0.05);在JNJ-26854165刺激下,OXSR1基因敲除细胞凋亡率极显著或显著低于野生型细胞、OXSR1基因回补和失活细胞(P<0.01;P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR检测发现,当MMC和Rotenone刺激细胞时,OXSR1基因敲除细胞的BCL-XL基因表达量极显著或显著高于野生型细胞和OXSR1基因回补细胞(P<0.01;P<0.05),与OXSR1基因失活细胞无明显差别(P>0.05);当JNJ-26854165刺激细胞时,OXSR1基因敲除细胞的BCL-XL基因表达量极显著高于野生型细胞、OXSR1基因回补与失活细胞(P<0.01),NOXA基因表达量极显著低于野生型细胞、OXSR1基因回补与失活细胞(P<0.01)。【结论】OXSR1基因及其激酶活性可调节MMC、JNJ-26854165、Rotenone刺激MDCK时BCL-XL基因转录,影响p53依赖和非依赖途径以及ROS途径介导的细胞凋亡。

缝隙连接蛋白43经典与非经典作用在疾病治疗中的潜在价值

背景:缝隙连接蛋白43在维持组织代谢稳态平衡中发挥着重要作用,传统观点认为它参与了缝隙连接过程,为细胞与细胞之间建立直接的物质信号交换通道奠定结构基础。而近年来研究对于其独特的半通道作用提出了新的看法,并发现了其亚细胞定位、自身片段等对于细胞生理活动及病理过程的重要意义。目的:综述数据库中相关文献,系统性总结缝隙连接蛋白43分子特征及在多种细胞表达的研究进展,重点阐述通道依赖性与非通道依赖性缝隙连接蛋白43的生理与病理作用,并探讨其在疾病治疗中的潜在价值。方法:分别设置“gap junction,connexin 43(Cx43),hemichannel,channel-dependent Cx43,channel-independent Cx43,extracellular vesicles(EVs),mitochondria,GJA1-20k”为英文关键词,以“缝隙连接,缝隙连接蛋白43,半通道,通道依赖性Cx43,非通道依赖性Cx43,线粒体,细胞外囊泡,GJA1-20k”为中文关键词,分别在PubMed数据库及中国知网数据库进行文献检索,最终共入选81篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)缝隙连接蛋白43的经典作用即构成缝隙连接通道,通道依赖性缝隙连接蛋白43主要可通过直接构成缝隙连接通道参与组织器官的生理或病理过程,应充分关注其结构和功能的完整性,而黏附是缝隙连接的重要特性,与屏障障碍类疾病密切相关。(2)缝隙连接蛋白43的非经典作用即非缝隙连接通道依赖性作用,缝隙连接蛋白43六聚体目前被发现定位于质膜、线粒体内膜和细胞外囊泡表面等结构,参与炎性疾病的正向促炎机制、线粒体功能代谢和细胞外囊泡的靶向摄取等,选择性截短片段则参与全长连接蛋白43靶向转运至胞内各结构域过程,并且通过促使线粒体周围肌动蛋白聚合,调控线粒体稳态。(3)以上两种作用为开发靶向治疗药物及基于组织工程技术的治疗手段中种子细胞转化机制等问题的解决提供了新思路,但现存的一些原始研究常不能全面考虑不同形式缝隙连接蛋白43的相互作用,从而混杂地描述了其总体特征,使得研究结果产生偏差。(4)未来研究需要系统地构架不同形式存在的缝隙连接蛋白43的生理特性及在各疾病中的潜在机制,为缝隙连接蛋白43完整性机制探索及多疾病的诊断和治疗提供参考依据。

微生物源示踪技术在食品链中进行污染源追溯的研究进展

在食品链中,粪便微生物污染是诱发食源性疾病的重要途径之一,也是食品安全领域备受关注的问题。利用微生物源示踪(microbial source tracking,MST)技术对粪便微生物来源和污染情况进行追踪是解决该问题的有效手段之一。MST方法一般分为依赖数据库型方法(library-dependent methods,LDMs)和非依赖数据库型方法(library-independent methods,LIMs)2种方法,其中LIMs分为依赖培养型和非依赖培养型。在非依赖培养型方法中,以16S rRNA和宿主-微生物互作基因为特异性分子标记物建立的MST方法在食品链的污染调查中得到了广泛应用。本文对MST的基本原理及特点进行简要介绍,并着重总结近几年基于宿主特异性分子标记物的MST方法在食品链中进行污染溯源的研究进展,同时结合目前MST技术所具有的独特优势及现存不足对MST技术进行展望。

基于三重网络模型的酒精依赖患者静息态动态功能连接分析

目的:探讨酒精依赖(AD)患者静息态三重网络(中央执行网络、突显网络、默认模式网络)动态功能网络连通性(dFNC)的变化。方法:于2020年2月-2021年3月采集15例酒精依赖患者和15例健康志愿者(正常对照组)的静息态fMRI数据。对预处理后的fMRI数据进行独立成分分析以获得大脑网络成分,并通过滑动窗口方法生成大脑网络的动态功能连接矩阵。并对所有dFNC矩阵应用k-means聚类算法确定大脑网络连接模式,获得受试者脑网络的时间属性。最后,使用斯皮尔曼相关分析评估异常时间属性(时间分数、平均停留时间、转换次数)与酒精依赖量表(ADS)评分之间的关系。结果:最终将15例志愿者和12例AD患者纳入本研究,并通过聚类分析得到四种重复出现的功能连接状态。与对照组相比,AD组在弱连接状态下花费时间较长,但在中央执行网络和突显网络之间的强连接状态下花费时间较少(P均<0.05)。双样本t检验结果显示,AD患者中央控制网络内的IC38与IC49之间的功能连接显著增强(P<0.05,FDR校正)。结论:AD患者中央执行网络的功能连接发生了变化,本研究为探索酒精依赖的复杂神经病理学机制提供了一定的见解。

超越路径依赖:拔尖创新人才自主培养的困境与方略

拔尖创新人才自主培养,是中国式现代化建设的重要保障,是新阶段我国大学改革和发展的基本任务。当前,中国拔尖创新人才培养呈现明显的路径依赖性,体现为:传统教育理念的锁定、培养模式碎片化的锁定、制度机制低效化的锁定及教学体系滞后化的锁定等,导致人才培养成效“平而不尖”,自主培养模式特色不明显等问题。因此,未来需要破除传统教育理念,发展中国式现代化人才培养新理念;协同推动融合教育,形成拔尖创新人才高质量培养的新模式;完善人才育评制度,营造才智充分涌流与壮大的新生态;全面推进教学改革,打造个性多元融合滚动式的新教学。

基于CICARE模式中医延续护理在阴道分娩产妇依赖独立期中的应用

目的 探究基于CICARE模式的中医延续护理在阴道分娩产妇产后依赖独立期中的应用效果。方法 采用随机数字表法将171例阴道分娩产妇分为对照组(85例)和中医组(86例),对照组给予常规护理,中医组在对照组基础上进行CICARE模式下的中医延续护理干预,比较2组干预前后心理状况、睡眠质量和疲乏情况。结果 中医组干预后焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05),心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)评分高于对照组(P<0.05),匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和产后疲乏量表(PFS)评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于CICARE模式的中医延续护理能改善阴道分娩产妇产后依赖独立期负性情绪,提高心理弹性和睡眠质量,缓解疲乏症状,促使其快速步入独立期。

The novel long noncoding RNA LOC283070 is involved in the transition of LNCaP cells into androgen-independent cells via its interaction with PHB2

We sought to investigate the underlying mechanism of action of the long noncoding RNA （IncRNA） LOC283070 in the development of androgen independence in prostate cancer. The interactions between LOC283070 and target proteins were investigated by RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation （RIP） assays. Subceilular fractionation and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） were used to detect the subcellular localization of LOC283070. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of prohibitin 2 （PHB2）. Luciferase activity assays were performed to evaluate the effects of LOC283070 and PHB2 on the androgen receptor （AR） signaling pathway. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay and a growth curve assay were used to test cell viability. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell cycles. A transwell assay was employed to test cell migration. We identified PHB2 as an interaction partner of LOC283070 in the pull-down and RIP experiments. Furthermore, we confirmed that the enrichment of L0C283070 with PHB2 in androgen-independent LNCaP （LNCaP-AI） cells was much greater than that in LNCaP cells. Moreover, the expression of PHB2 was not significantly different between the two cell lines, and the expression of LOC283070 in the nuclei of the LNCaP-AI cells was significantly greater than that in the LNCaP cells. In vitro data revealed that PHB2 overexpression significantly inhibited AR activity and cell proliferation and migration and induced accumulation of prostate cancer cells in GO/G1 phase. Moreover, the overexpression of LOC283070 fully abrogated the effects of PHB2 overexpression. In conclusion, we found that LOC283070 can bind to PHB2 located in the nucleus and inhibit its effect, and this is one of the mechanisms by which LOC283070 is involved in the transition of LNCaP cells into androgen-independent cells.

Resignation of officials as independent directors and firm performance

In 2013,the Chinese government implemented Rule No.18,which suspended the directorships of incumbent government officials and precluded those who retired within the past three years from serving as independent directors for listed firms.The surprise implementation of Rule No.18 triggered a wave of resignations among official independent directors(OIDs).The event provided a unique opportunity to examine the impacts of the political connections of board members on firm performance.We applied a difference-in-difference technique to empirically investigate the effect of OID resignations on firm performance from the perspectives of resource dependence theory and social capital theory.The results indicate that the resignation of OIDs had a significantly negative effect on firm performance,as measured by Tobin's 0 and firm leverage.This also confirmed the importance of independent directors'political connection on firm performance,as discovered in prior research.However,this influence varied across OIDs'heterogeneity,external environment and firm ownership.The results indicate that political connections may not be necessary channels for firms to achieve success.

The Path Dependence of Enterprise Strategic Adjustment and Its Transcendence Analysis

The world today is in a period of great development and integration of economy,information,and technology,especially the high-tech industries represented by big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence.It is promoting the rapid increase of human productivity and leading the changes in various industries.Enterprises are facing more and more uncertain external environments.The previous organizational strategy,personnel structure,and operating strategies have been unable to adapt to the turbulent external environment,and innovation has become the norm.Therefore,how to find an innovative breakthrough point on the original strategic road on which to survive has become a matter of life and death.From the perspective of path dependence theory,this paper analyzes the characteristics of path dependence and transcendence path dependence during the adjustment of corporate strategy,and analyzes the internal causes and mechanisms of its generation with the help of the PEST model.Based on this,the negative impact of path dependence on the adjustment of the strategy was found.Furthermore,it was found above that the degree of transcendence path dependence in corporate strategic adjustment is determined by two factors:its ability to drive independent innovation in a dynamic environment and its ability to transform strategically.Finally,according to the research conclusions,it proposes countermeasures to overcome the path dependence of enterprises when adjusting their strategies,and provides suggestions for companies to find breakthrough points in disruptive innovation.

The Path Dependence of Enterprise Strategic Adjustment and Its Transcendence Analysis

The world today is in a period of great development and integration of economy,information,and technology,especially the high-tech industries represented by big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence.It is promoting the rapid increase of human productivity and leading the changes in various industries.Enterprises are facing more and more uncertain external environments.The previous organizational strategy,personnel structure,and operating strategies have been unable to adapt to the turbulent external environment,and innovation has become the norm.Therefore,how to find an innovative breakthrough point on the original strategic road on which to survive has become a matter of life and death.From the perspective of path dependence theory,this paper analyzes the characteristics of path dependence and transcendence path dependence during the adjustment of corporate strategy,and analyzes the internal causes and mechanisms of its generation with the help of the PEST model.Based on this,the negative impact of path dependence on the adjustment of the strategy was found.Furthermore,it was found above that the degree of transcendence path dependence in corporate strategic adjustment is determined by two factors:its ability to drive independent innovation in a dynamic environment and its ability to transform strategically.Finally,according to the research conclusions,it proposes countermeasures to overcome the path dependence of enterprises when adjusting their strategies,and provides suggestions for companies to find breakthrough points in disruptive innovation.

基于场独立/场依存认知风格的消费者信息搜寻效率研究

[目的/意义]探究认知风格对消费者网购信息搜寻效率的影响,为电子商务网站信息搜寻系统的个性化设计与优化提供借鉴。[方法/过程]运用E-prime软件和眼动设备开展两组复杂度不同的实验,对眼动参数、正确率、反应时等数据进行处理和分析,验证认知风格和任务复杂度对消费者网购模拟界面信息搜寻效率的影响差异。[结果/结论]任务复杂度对信息搜寻反应时和正确率影响显著;认知风格对信息搜寻反应时影响显著,对正确率影响不显著,且场独立型消费者的平均反应时和平均正确率均低于场依存型消费者;眼动指标中注视点、注视时间和回视次数能辅助解释消费者信息搜寻效率产生差异的原因。

中国关键产品进口依赖度与潜在化解能力评估

当前全球贸易保护主义盛行,中国产业链对外依赖度及“卡脖子”问题日益引发关注。文章利用HS6分位产品层面贸易数据构建筛选指标,识别中国进口依赖产品清单,重点关注大宗商品、高新科技等领域对美国及其盟友国家和地区的进口依赖情况。研究发现,2001—2020年中国对外依赖产品种数下降,但依赖产品进口总额及其占中国整体进口规模比重上升。中国对外“最依赖产品”主要涉及能源、原材料、高新科技和工业设备等领域,其中工业金属、主粮产品、能源化工和电子信息产品对美国及其盟友国家和地区更为依赖,产业链脆弱性较高。进一步分析发现,部分工业金属和能源进口产品高对外依赖度无法通过多元化进口渠道和加大国内生产替代化解,不过在高新科技领域,中国创新研发投入不断增加,与美国互有优势,未来自主可控能力将进一步增强。在此基础上,文章提出针对性的对策建议。