Do reproductive hormones explain the association between body mass index and semen quality？

Aim： To examine whether reproductive hormones play a role in the association between body mass index （BMI） and semen quality. Methods： Semen quality and testosterone （T）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） and estradiol （E2） were evaluated in 990 fertile males with age 38.9 ± 9.7 （mean ＋ SD） years recruited from the Chinese general population in 2001 and 2002. Results： Semen quality was reduced among underweight （BMI 〈 18.5） compared with normal （BMI 18.5-24.9） and overweight （BMI 25.0-29.9）, but the associations were independent of reproductive hormones. After adjustment for the potential confounders, underweight men had reductions in sperm concentration （22.4 × 10^6/mL）, total sperm count （52.9× 10^6） and percentage of normal sperm forms （6.9%） compared with men with normal BMI. Being underweight may be a risk factor for low sperm concentration （OR： 4.68, 95% confidence intervals [CI]： 2.01-10.91）. Otherwise, being overweight may be a protected factor for low sperm concentration （OR： 0.25; 95% CI： 0.08-0.83） and low total sperm count （OR： 0.37, 95% CI： 0.15-0.87）. Conclusion： Low BMI was associated with reduced semen quality. The associations between BMI and semen quality were found statistically significant even after adjustment for reproductive hormones. Reproductive hormones cannot explain the association between BMI and semen quality.

Association of Body Mass Index with Semen Quality and Sexual Hormone Levels among Men in Intrauterine Insemination

Background: The available evidence on the role of obesity and BMI on male infertility has been controversial or inconclusive to some extent. Objectives: To investigate the role of BMI on semen quality and hormone levels in men received intrauterine insemination. Material and Methods: A total of 390 males seeking artificial insemination in our department were recruited. BMI, blood pressure and semen parameters were assessed. Morning blood sample was taken for serum levels of testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2). Results: Subjects were divided into four groups according to BMI. There was no significant difference among groups in any of semen parameters and serum levels of FSH, LH, PRL and E2. Obese and overweight men were found having lower serum levels of T and higher levels of E2/T ratio than those of normal and underweight men. BMI was not found to be associated with semen parameters. Conclusion: This study has not found evidence of an association between BMI and semen parameters, but obesity has a negative effect on serum testosterone levels.

Body mass index is not associated with sperm-zona pellucida binding ability in subfertile males

Lifestyle factors, such as weight and nutritional status may affect male fertility, including sperm fertilization ability. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between body mass index （BMI） and sperm-zona pellucida binding ability assessed according to the zona binding （ZB） test, which has been described to be a relevant diagnostic tool for the prediction of in vitro fertilization （IVF） ability. Three hundred and six male patients from couples diagnosed with primary idiopathic or mild male factor infertility were included. Correlations between BMI and semen parameters according to ZB test indices were assessed, together with frequencies of positive and negative tests across the BMI categories. In this selected population, BMI was not related to conventional semen parameters or sperm quality assessed according to the ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida. The previously described poor outcomes of IVF procedures in cases of male obesity could be due to other sperm defects, such as alterations of sperm capacitation or acrosome reaction. The link between male BMI and biological outcomes during IVF procedures, such as fertilization rates, should be further evaluated.

Semen analysis in chronic bacterial prostatitis： diagnostic and therapeutic implications

The significance and diagnostic value of semen analysis in chronic bacterial prostatitis has been extensively debated and remains controversial. To investigate the diagnostic relevance of semen culture in the bacteriological workup of prostatitis patients, we retrospectively analyzed a clinical database of 696 symptomatic patients. All patients were routinely subjected to a four-glass test, followed by semen culture and analysis. This allowed to dissect from the database three different diagnostic scenarios, and to compare the ＇two-glass＇ pre-/post- massage test and the standard ＇four-glass＇ test with a ＇five-glass＇ test （four-glass plus post-VB3 semen culture）. The ＇five-glass＇ test showed 3.6- or 6.5-fold increases in relative sensitivity and lesser reductions （-13.2% or -14.7%） in relative specificity for traditional uropathogens （TUs） compared with the four-glass or two-glass test, respectively. The area under the ROC curve and Jouden＇s index were increased, whereas positive and negative likelihood ratios were lower than comparators, indicating that the ＇five-glass＇ assay may be superior in confirming the negative outcome of both standard tests. The five-, four-, and two-glass tests detected TUs （Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, etc.） in 120, 33, and 20 patients and unusual pathogens （Streptococci, other Gram-positive species, Mycoplasmata, and others） in 130, 56, and 45 patients, respectively. When patients were subjected to pharmacological treatment, including a combination of a fluoroquinolone and a macrolide, no differences in eradication rates were observed between groups diagnosed with different tests, irrespective of pathogen category. Eradication was associated with long-term sign/symptom remission; no significant intergroup differences in sign/symptom scores were observed throughout a 24-month off-therapy follow-up period. In conclusion, our data support the usefulness of semen analysis in the diagnostic workup ofprostatitis patients when this test is used to complement the four-glass Meares and Stamey test. Improvement of microbiological assays conveys important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Obesity Appears to Impact Male Fertility by Degrading Overall Semen Quality Rather than Individual Semen Parameters

Obesity has become a well-recognized medical issue. However its exact role in male infertility remains unclear. The objective of the current study was to determine if an increase inBMIis associated with an increase in semen parameter abnormalities and if this relationship was influenced by other patient activities. Charts were reviewed for one hundred and thirty-three male patients who had also undergone a complete initial office face to face interview, as part of an infertility evaluation and a semen analysis. As part of standard patient care, all patients answered a detailed questionnaire regarding demographics, exposures, medical and reproductive history as part of their infertility evaluation. Patients were grouped according toBMIas normal (20 - 24 kg/m2), overweight (25 - 30 kg/m2), or obese (>30 kg/m2). Semen analysis parameters analyzed included: morphology, volume, concentration, percent motility, and agglutination. While some parameters suggested trends, results were similar between the normal, overweight, and obeseBMI, for concentration (P= 0.18), volume (P = 0.845), motility (P = 0.06);% Positive agglutination: 12%, 7%, 7%?(P = 0.668) and % normal morphology (P = 0.083). Unlike a number of previous studies, results indicate that there is no statistically significant association betweenBMIand any of the individual semen parameters tested. Raw data suggested a trend for decreasing concentration with increasingBMI. Further, data also suggested equal numbers of oligospermics in each group. However, when the data looked at globally rather than on the effects on individually parameters (total number of normal motile sperm cells—NMS), functional sperm cells decreased with increasing BMI. None of these factors appeared to be affected by other patient factors. Collectively these data suggest that obesity has a multifactorial effect on male fertility;possibly due to relationships with the hormone cascade, body composition and potentially testis temperature regulation. Further study will be needed to confirm such relationships.

Effects of Three Different Diluents on Quality of Boar Semen Stored at 17℃

To investigate the effects of different diluents on the quality of the boar semen stored at 17℃, and assess the relationship between sperm motility and the relative levels of enzymes, three commercial diluents （Diluent I, Diluent II and Diluent III） and three boar breed semens （Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc） were utilized. The sperm motility, effective survival time, survival index, catalase （CAT）, the total anti-oxidative capacity （T-AOC） and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were evaluated. The results showed that there were significant interaction effects between diluents and breeds on the boar sperm motility （P〈0.001）, survival time （P〈0.001）, CAT levels （P〈0.001） and T-AOC levels （P〈0.001）, but neither effects nor interaction effects between diluents and breeds on survival index （P〉0.05）. All of the parameters varied significantly with the increase of the storage time （P〈0.001）. The survival time increased 12.9% in Yorkshire boar semen diluted with Diluent III than with Diluent II, while the survival time increased 6.6% in Landrace boar semen diluted with Diluent II than with Diluent III. Both CAT and T-AOC levels were significantly positive correlated with sperm motility in all the three boar breeds （P〈0.001）, while MDA levels were significantly negative correlated with sperm motility （P〈0.001）. These results indicated that Diluent III and Diluent II were the optimal commercial diluents for Yorkshire and Landrace boar semen stored at 17 ℃, respectively.

Semen Quality in the General Population of Bulgaria

Background: With the accumulating evidence of semen difference between distinct populations we decided to conduct a population-based prospective study to assess the reproductive capabilities of the Bulgarian males. Objective: To evaluate the semen parameters in men from the general population of Bulgaria. To analyze the effects of BMI (Body mass index) and tobacco smoking on semen characteristics. Methods: 482 males without history of reproductive problems were included for the purpose of this study. The duration of our study was from April to May in 2016 and April in 2017. The volunteers were subdivided based on their smoking status and on their BMI. After semen collection, a conventional semen analysis was carried out manually by trained embryologists in an andrology laboratory according to WHO recommendations. The results were statistically analyzed and presented with their mean values. Result(s): After semen analysis we report a mean of 3.29 ml for semen volume, 40.68 × 106/ml for spermatozoa concentration, 128.38 × 106 for total sperm count, 52.54% of total motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate and a mean percentage of morphologically normal sperm standing at 9.6%. We did not find a negative effect of tobacco smoking on semen quality;however higher BMI is associated with lower sperm concentration per ml. Discussion and Conclusion(s): This is the first contemporary study, assessing semen quality in Bulgarians. The results obtained here show the lower quality of semen in Bulgaria, compared to other countries. No statistical differences were found between the semen quality of nonsmokers and smokers. Higher BMI was found to be associated with lower sperm concentration per milliliter.

生殖道解脲支原体感染及男性年龄对精子DNA碎片指数、精液常规参数的影响

目的探讨生殖道解脲支原体(Uu)感染及男性年龄对精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)及精液常规参数的影响。方法收集2019年1月至2023年7月于深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院体检科和生殖健康科进行婚前或孕前保健检查的男性7106例为研究对象,所有研究对象进行精液常规参数检查,并采用培养法和流式细胞术分别进行精液Uu检测与精子DFI分析。依据年龄截点将研究对象分成3组(<30岁、30~35岁、>35岁),分析Uu检出情况及Uu阳性男性中不同年龄组间精液常规参数和精子DFI差异。结果近5年男性生殖道Uu总体检出率为11.89%(845/7106),除2020年检出率略有下降外,整体呈逐年上升趋势;生殖道Uu检出率无明显的年龄和季节性差异。Uu阳性男性不同年龄组间比较发现,相比<30岁和30~35岁组,>35岁组的精子存活率、前向运动精子百分率、精子总数显著降低(P<0.05),精子DFI显著增高(P<0.05)。Uu阳性男性年龄与精子DFI呈正相关关系(r=0.26,P=0.0002)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[OR=1.393,95%CI(1.002,1.935),P=0.040]、精子存活率[OR=0.746,95%CI(0.608,0.916),P=0.005]和精子总数[OR=0.984,95%CI(0.968,0.999),P=0.040]是Uu阳性男性精子DFI的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论生殖道Uu阳性的高龄男性精液常规参数欠佳,且精子DFI显著增加。Uu检测可作为孕前男性精液质量筛查的候选指标,为全面客观评价男性生育力提供更多实验室证据。

采精期精料补饲水平对牦牛种公牛血清指标和精液品质的影响

本试验旨在探究采精期不同精料补饲水平对牦牛种公牛生长性能、血清指标和精液品质的影响。试验选取25头体况良好、遗传背景一致、平均体重为(584.48±55.71)kg的牦牛种公牛,随机分为5个组,分别为Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组,每组5头,单栏单饲。5组牦牛每天分别补饲1.00、1.75、2.50、3.25和4.00 kg精料。预试期15 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)牦牛种公牛总增重和平均日增重随精料补饲水平的升高呈线性升高(P<0.05)。2)牦牛种公牛血清总蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿素含量以及谷丙转氨酶活性含量随精料补饲水平的升高呈线性升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组血清总蛋白和尿素含量显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清白蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅴ组血清甘油三酯含量和谷丙转氨酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组牦牛种公牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅴ组血清丙二醛含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组牦牛种公牛血清白细胞介素-4含量显著提高(P<0.05)。5)牦牛种公牛精子密度和精子前向运动能力随精料补饲水平的升高呈线性升高(P<0.01),其中Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组精子密度和精子前向运动能力均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),Ⅱ组精子密度和精子前向运动能力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,补饲精料会显著改善牦牛种公牛精液品质,但补饲过量会对机体脂肪代谢、肝脏功能、肾脏功能以及机体抗氧化能力造成不利影响;因此,建议采精期牦牛种公牛适宜精料补饲水平为每天2.50 kg。

精子DNA碎片对体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局及胚胎发育的影响

目的:分析精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)对体外受精-新鲜胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕及活产结局的影响。方法:选取2015年6月至2020年12月因女方因素首次行IVF并进行新鲜胚胎移植的患者共947例,根据DFI分为低、中、高3组:DFI<15%、15≤DFI≤30%和30%<DFI,比较3组双方基础数据,女方包括年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础生殖激素、AMH等;男方包括年龄、BMI、精液参数;超促排卵参数;处理前和处理后IVF精液参数;促排卵结局、胚胎质量及妊娠结局。结果:不同DFI水平间相比,双方年龄在3组间均有显著性差异,15≤DFI≤30%和30%<DFI组双方年龄显著大于DFI<15%组;基础状态精液参数中前向运动精子百分率、非前向运动精子百分率、不活动精子百分率,以及IVF处理前精子总活率、前向运动精子百分率在3组间也均有显著差异(P<0.01);中和高DFI组中基础精子正常形态率、IVF处理前精子浓度、精子总数和处理后精子浓度均显著低于低DFI组;30%<DFI组无论是精液处理前还是精液处理后精子总数均显著低于其他两组(P<0.01)。此外,中和高DFI组受精率显著低于低DFI组,其他临床数据包括促排卵参数、胚胎质量、妊娠结局组间均无显著差异。结论:高DFI水平对精子活率产生显著影响,IVF精液处理后DFI水平与精子浓度、精子总数、受精率均呈显著负相关,对胚胎质量及妊娠结局无影响。

不同比例“张杂谷”对种公兔精液品质及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在探讨“张杂谷”对种公兔精液品质及血清生化指标的影响。选择36只健康的成年伊拉公兔,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只公兔。各组公兔分别饲喂含谷子水平为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果显示,与第30 d相比,第60 d和第90 d时试验组种公兔的精子活力和精子密度提高(P<0.05),采精量和精子畸形率无显著变化(P>0.05)。不同水平“张杂谷”对种公兔的血清生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,从饲粮成本、公兔精液品质等多方面考虑,“张杂谷”添加比例为10%时效果最佳。

性激素水平、精液质量与不育症患者精子DNA碎片指数的相关性

目的:分析性激素指标水平、精液质量与不育症患者精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2022年1—12月于该院就诊的80例不育症患者的临床资料,设为观察组,另回顾性分析同期该院80名男性健康体检者的临床资料,设为对照组。统计两组DFI,依据DFI将观察组患者分为异常患者(DFI≥30%)和正常患者(DFI<30%),比较两组及异常患者、正常患者性激素指标[睾酮、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)]水平和精液质量,分析性激素指标水平、精液质量与DFI的相关性。结果:观察组DFI为(18.93±2.10)%,高于对照组的(15.38±2.05)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组DFI≥30%有58例,占72.50%(58/80);DFI<30%有22例,占27.50%(22/80);观察组LH、FSH水平均高于对照组,睾酮水平和精子总数、精子浓度、精子总活力、精子前向运动比例均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);异常患者睾酮水平和精子总数、精子浓度、精子总活力、精子前向运动比例均低于正常患者,LH、FSH水平均高于正常患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,睾酮水平和精子总数、精子浓度、精子总活力、精子前向运动比例均与不育症患者精子DFI呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05);LH、FSH水平均与不育症患者精子DFI呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。结论:精液质量、睾酮水平均与不育症患者精子DFI呈负相关,LH、FSH水平均与不育症患者精子DFI呈正相关。

NCG对热应激大骨鸡精液品质影响的研究

试验旨在探究热应激条件下日粮中添加不同浓度N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对大骨鸡精液品质的影响。选取48只25周龄大骨鸡,随机分为4组,每组12只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,N1、N2、N3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.08%、0.12%、0.16%NCG,每周对大骨鸡精液运动性能、活率、畸形率及抗氧化指标进行检测,试验期共计90 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组精子活力、质膜完整性与直线速率等显著提高(P<0.05),摆动性、鞭打频率差异不显著(P>0.05),精子畸形率显著下降(P<0.05);N1组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最低,N3组最高,N1组与N3组间显著差异(P<0.05);各组间过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明日粮中添加不同水平NCG降低了热应激对大骨鸡精液品质造成的不良反应,其中N3组效果最佳。

热应激对荷斯坦种公牛精液品质的影响及机理

用 5头荷斯坦种公牛研究了热应激对其生理常值、精液品质、血清生化指标、精清生化指标的影响。结果表明 :(1)热应激可造成种公牛精液品质显著下降 ,使原精活力、冻精活力、精子密度、活精子百分数和顶体完整率分别比春季下降 3.13% (P<0 .0 1)、1.11% (P<0 .0 1)、34.8% (P<0 .0 1)、15 .0 % (P<0 .0 1)和 17.8% (P<0 .0 1) ,精子畸形率比春季上升 2 5 .5 % (P<0 .0 1)。(2 )夏季慢性热应激使荷斯坦种公牛的直肠温度和呼吸频率极显著高于春、秋、冬 3个非热应激季节 (P<0 .0 1)。 (3)夏季荷斯坦种公牛血清睾酮、T3、皮质醇和促黄体素的含量分别为 3.4 1ng/ L、1.2 9ng/L、5 .0 5 ng/ L和 4 5 .11ng/ L,与非热应激季节相比 ,均处于较低的水平。 (4)热应激可显著降低血糖和血清钠、钾、钙、镁水平 (P<0 .0 1) ,使血清 GPT、GOT处于最高水平 (P<0 .0 1)。 (5 )夏季荷斯坦种公牛精清睾酮含量仅为 4 .31ng/L,极显著低于非热应激季节 (P<0 .0 1)。 (6 )热应激造成荷斯坦种公牛精清钾、钙、镁处于最低水平 (P<0 .0 1) ,精清AL P、ACP处于最高水平 (P<0 .0 1) ,使精清钠由春季至夏季呈显著下降趋势。上述结果显示 :热应激使体内微环境发生了显著变化 ,抑制了下丘脑 -垂体 -睾丸轴的功能 ,从而影响了精子的生成?

循环次数与体系对DNA检测灵敏度的影响

目的探讨通过增加PCR循环次数和缩小扩增体系改善DNA检测灵敏度的可行性。方法将10例无血缘关系健康志愿者精液DNA样本分别定量为50、40、30、25、20、15、10 pg/μL,分别用10、5、3μL的体系和28、30、32、34、36次循环进行扩增,用3130遗传分析仪检测15个常染色体STR基因座。结果 28次循环下,3μL体系可对40pg/μL及以上样本正确分型。20pg/μL及以上样本在10、5、3μL体系中,34次循环均可正确分型,增加到36次循环,出现非特异性谱带,无法正确分型。结论增加循环次数和缩小扩增体系在一定程度上可以提高DNA检测的灵敏度。

精索静脉曲张不育患者氧化应激水平和精子DNA完整性及精液参数的相关性分析

目的:分析精索静脉曲张(VC)不育患者氧化应激同DNA完整性及精液参数的关系。方法:采用前瞻性研究,纳入98例患者,根据活性氧水平(ROS)将VC不育患者分为ROS低水平组(54例)及高水平组(44例),分析两组精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)、精子活力、形态等参数的差异,并分析它们之间的相关性。结果:ROS高水平组DFI显著高于ROS低水平组[(34.49±6.05)%vs(27.38±8.10)%,P=0.039]。与ROS低水平组比较,ROS高水平组精子活力[(25.21±18.22)%vs(36.16±22.83)%,P=0.017]、前向运动精子百分率[(16.34±9.22)%vs(23.34±11.53)%,P=0.041]、曲线速率[(20.62±4.38)%vs(27.03±6.21)%,P=0.013]及直线性率[(18.30±7.93)%vs(29.75±8.24)%,P=0.024]均显著降低,而精液白细胞数显著升高[(0.86±0.41)×106/ml vs(0.65±0.15)×106/ml,P=0.022]。Spearman相关性分析表明ROS水平同精液白细胞数(r=0.41,P<0.01)及DFI(r=0.21,P=0.006)呈显著正相关,同曲线速率(r=-0.24,P=0.017)、直线性率(r=-0.24,P=0.021)、精子活力(r=-0.31,P=0.002)及前向运动精子百分率(r=-0.41,P=0.012)呈显著负相关。DFI同精子活力(r=-0.29,P<0.01)、前向运动精子百分率(r=-0.34,P<0.01)呈显著负相关。结论:精浆ROS水平同VC不育患者DFI显著正相关。氧化应激及DNA完整性可影响患者的精子参数。

探讨不育男性体质量指数与精液质量间的相关性

目的:分析男性不育与体质量指数(BMI)和精液质量间的相互关系。方法:选择本院2015年1月—2018年3月就诊的不育男性患者100例临床资料,参考中国成人BMI标准分为低体质量组(BMI<18.5kg/m^2)、正常组(18.5<BMI<23.9 kg/m^2)、肥胖组(24.0<BMI<27.9 kg/m^2)、重度肥胖组(BMI≥30.0kg/m^2),所有患者均检测精液各质量参数,分析BMI与精液质量间的相关性。结果:与低体质量组和正常组比较,肥胖组和重度肥胖组患者体内雌二醇(E_2)含量最高,睾酮(T)含量降低(P<0.05);通过中位数以及四分位间距分析精液质量各参数发现,正常组精液体积最大,精子总数高于其他3组(P<0.05),余精液质量各参数组间比较未见差异(P>0.05);精液中炎性因子(TNF-α和IL-6)与BMI呈正相关性, VEGF与BMI呈负相关性(P>0.05)。结论:男性BMI与精液质量存在一定关系,当BMI>28时,不育男性T、LH含量明显降低并影响精子活力,临床应引起重视。

男性年龄与精子顶体酶活性及精子DNA碎片指数的相关性分析

目的探讨男性年龄与精子顶体酶活性、精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)的相关性。方法选取2016年1~8月在我院生殖医学中心就诊的436例不育症男性患者为研究对象,所有患者均行精液常规检查、精子顶体酶活性检查和(或)精子DFI分析。将患者按年龄分为<30岁、30~39岁、≥40岁3组,分析各组的精液常规、顶体酶活性及精子核DFI的差异及其相关性。结果不同年龄段患者的体重指数(BMI)、禁欲天数、精液量无显著性差异(P>0.05);年龄≥40岁组患者的前向运动精子百分率、活动精子百分率及精子顶体酶活性显著低于<30岁和30~39岁组(P<0.05);≥40岁组患者的精子DFI显著高于<30岁和30~39岁组(P<0.05)。年龄与前向运动精子百分率及活动精子百分率之间呈负相关(P<0.05),但是相关性较弱。精子顶体酶活性与精子正常形态率、前向运动精子百分率、非前向运动精子百分率、活动精子百分率呈正相关(P<0.05);精子DFI与年龄、禁欲天数、前向运动精子百分率呈正相关(P<0.01),与精液量、精子浓度、活动精子百分率呈负相关(P<0.05);精子顶体酶活性和DFI之间无相关性(P>0.05)。结论年龄增长会导致精液前向运动精子百分率、活动精子百分率、精子顶体酶活性、DFI等参数改变,直接或间接影响男性生育力。说明年龄对男性不育的影响是多方面的,建议有生育需求的大龄(≥40岁)男性尽早进行生育咨询与评估。

弱精子症患者精子运动参数及DNA碎片化指数的检测与分析

目的了解弱精子症患者精子运动参数和DNA碎片化指数(DFI)的变化情况。方法通过对41例弱精子症患者(弱精子症组)和48例活力正常不育患者(活力正常组)精液的常规检测、精液分析仪检测和荧光显微镜检查,比较弱精子症组和活力正常组精液常规参数(包括精子浓度、精子总数、活动率)、精子运动参数[包括前向运动率(PR)、平均路径速率(VAP)、曲线速度(VCL)、直线速度(VSL)、直线性(LIN)、摆动性(WOB)、前向性(STR)、头侧摆幅度(ALH)、鞭打频率(BCF)和平均角位移(MAD)]及DFI。结果弱精子症组精子浓度、精子总数、活动率、PR、VAP、VCL、VSL、LIN、WOB、STR、ALH、BCF及MAD分别为(69.0±49.1)×106/m L、(203±159)×106、60.8%±15.7%、21.1%±8.0%、(10.7±2.8)μm/s、(20.6±4.9)μm/s、(6.3±2.2)μm/s、29.9%±8.1%、51.4%±5.8%、57.2%±10.4%、(0.53±0.12)μm、(3.20±0.85)Hz和(14.2±3.2)°,均明显低于活力正常组[(98.8±38.2)×106/m L(P<0.05)、(281±171)×106(P<0.05)、82.0%±7.9%(P<0.01)、45.1%±8.5%(P<0.01)、(18.5±3.0)μm/s(P<0.01)、(30.7±5.3)μm/s(P<0.01)、(12.0±2.3)μm/s(P<0.01)、39.6%±7.0%(P<0.01)、60.5%±5.0%(P<0.01)、65.1%±7.2%(P<0.01)、(0.72±0.13)μm(P<0.01)、(5.07±0.81)Hz(P<0.01)和(17.8±2.5)°(P<0.01)];而DFI(17.9%±12.5%)明显高于活力正常组(8.5%±6.4%,P<0.01)。结论弱精子症患者除了表现为常规检查中的精子活力低下外,还伴有精子浓度和总数下降、精子运动参数下降以及精子DFI的增高,这些参数的改变可能是弱精子症引起男性不育的机制之一。

山楂、决明子及其配伍的降血脂作用

为研究山楂、决明子及其配伍加入香肠中对小鼠脏器指数和血脂水平的影响,以小鼠为研究对象,饲喂基础饲料及分别添加了30%的普通香肠、山楂香肠(3%山楂粗提液)、决明子香肠(2%决明子粗提液)、配伍香肠(3%山楂粗提液+2%决明子粗提液)的饲料。结果表明:香肠中添加山楂、决明子及其配伍均能显著(P<0.05)降低小鼠的肾脏指数,极显著(P<0.01)降低小鼠的肝脏指数;极显著(P<0.01)降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量,极显著(P<0.01)升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量;香肠中添加山楂能显著(P<0.05)降低总胆固醇(TC)的含量,香肠中添加配伍能极显著(P<0.01)降低甘油三酯(TG)的含量。而香肠中添加了山楂、决明子及其配伍对小鼠的心脏指数、脾脏指数和腹腔脂肪重量则无显著(P>0.05)影响。表明香肠中添加山楂、决明子及其配伍能减少脂肪在肝脏、肾脏的沉积、并降低血脂水平,以配伍组效果最佳。