Compressive strength and frost heave resistance of different types of semi-rigid base materials after freeze-thaw cycles

Freeze-thaw damage is the most common disease of semi-rigid bases in cold regions, which may greatly affect the dura- bility of roadways. In this study, the compressive strength and frost resistance of four different types of semi-rigid bases （lime-fly ash-stabilized sand, cement-stabilized sand, lime-fly ash-stabilized gravel, and cement-stabilized gravel） are assessed by varying the materials content. Based on freeze-thaw and compressive strength tests, this paper presents the performance of the different materials, each having different physical properties, and the optimal amounts of materials contents are proposed.

Performance-based semi-active control algorithm for protecting base isolated buildings from near-fault earthquakes

Base isolated structures have been found to be at risk in near-fault regions as a result of long period pulses that may exist in near-source ground motions. Various control strategies, including passive, active and semi-active control systems, have been investigated to overcome this problem. This study focuses on the development of a semi-active control algorithm based on several performance levels anticipated from an isolated building during different levels of ground shaking corresponding to various earthquake hazard levels. The proposed performance-based algorithm is based on a modified version of the well-known semi-active skyhook control algorithm. The proposed control algorithm changes the control gain depending on the level of shaking imposed on the structure. The proposed control system has been evaluated using a series of analyses performed on a base isolated benchmark building subjected to seven pairs of scaled ground motion records. Simulation results show that the newly proposed algorithm is effective in improving the structural and nonstructural performance of the building for selected earthquakes.

Fracture Behaviour of Laser Clad Fe-and Ni-base Alloy Coatings on a Cast Iron under SEMI Loading

Laser cladding technique has been applied to renovate some partially-damaged (or worn) components with Fe, Ni, Co-base alloys, hence to improve their hardness values and wear resistance successfully in previous reports. But for some punching or shearing cast iron dies damaged or worn in automobile manufacture, the renovated surfaces also bear some impact loading. Therefore, a small-energy and multi-impact (SEMI) test was designed to investigate the fracture behaviour of renovated cast iron dies achieved by laser cladding of Fe and Ni-base alloys under SEMI loading to meet above requirement. observations show that the fracture took place in the substrate near to the substrate/coating interface rather than at the interface. The tempering temperature has a great influence on the cycles to fracture of laser-clad samples under SEMl loading, i.e. the low tempering temperature of 300℃ gives a maximum cycle to fracture, while a higher tempering temperature of 400℃ has a minimum. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism has also been discussed in present study

Abnormal mechanical property evolution induced by heat treatment for a semi-solid forming hypereutectic Al-Fe base alloy

In the present study, Al-5.5Fe-4Cu-2Zn-0.4Mg-0.5Mn al oy samples were prepared by electromagnetic stirring and semi-solid forming processing, and then the effects of T6 and T1 heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the semi-solid forming samples were investigated. The results indicate that after semi-solid forming, the mechanical properties of the sample improved significantly compared to that of the merely electromagnetically stirred sample. The grains of semi-solid forming alloy became almost fine equiaxed; big long strip-shaped Al3 Fe phases became short rod-like morphology and distributed uniformly in the matrix. However, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated semi-solid forming sample decreased significantly instead of increasing and, with solution temperature rising, the tensile strength of the al oy decreased further. The results of EDS show that after high temperature solid-solution treatment, the Cu element in the semi-solid forming alloy sample is mainly concentrated at the boundaries of the Al3 Fe phases instead of being dissolved in the matrix. At the same time, the grains of the semi-solid forming sample grew slightly after solid-solution treatment. Therefore, the growth of the grains and the accumulation of Cu element at Al3 Fe phase boundaries during solution treatment of the semi-solid forming alloy were the main reasons for the mechanical properties decreasing after T6 treatment. The mechanical properties of the alloy were improved after T1 heat treatment due to aging strengthening phase being precipitated in the matrix.

Research on China's high-grade highway design index of asphalt pavement with granular base

Based on the 2006 Chinese asphalt pavement deflection value design index, we used KENLAYER Pavement Analysis and Design software and lstOpt statistical analysis software to can-y on the nonlinear regression, this paper establish high-grade highway design equations for the compressive slrain of soil sub-base top （CSSBT） and the radial compressive stress of semi-rigid base top （RCSRBT）. The correlation coefficients inspection standard to get precise proof, which means that our granular base design equations have high credibility and can be used in the Chinese design index of asphalt pavement with granular base （APGB）.

A semi-spring and semi-edge combined contact model in CDEM and its application to analysis of Jiweishan landslide

Continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)is an explicit numerical method used for simulation of progressive failure of geological body.To improve the efficiency of contact detection and simplify the calculation steps for contact forces,semi-spring and semi-edge are introduced in calculation.Semispring is derived from block vertex,and formed by indenting the block vertex into each face(24semisprings for a hexahedral element).The formation process of semi-edge is the same as that of semi-spring(24semi-edges for a hexahedral element).Based on the semi-springs and semi-edges,a new type of combined contact model is presented.According to this model,six contact types could be reduced to two,i.e.the semi-spring target face contact and semi-edge target edge contact.By the combined model,the contact force could be calculated directly(the information of contact type is not necessary),and the failure judgment could be executed in a straightforward way(each semi-spring and semi-edge own their characteristic areas).The algorithm has been successfully programmed in C++program.Some simple numerical cases are presented to show the validity and accuracy of this model.Finally,the failure mode,sliding distance and critical friction angle of Jiweishan landslide are studied with the combined model.

Logic and logic-based control

This paper gives a matrix expression of logic. Under the matrix expression, a general description of the logical operators is proposed. Using the semi-tensor product of matrices, the proofs of logical equivalences, implications, etc., can be simplified a lot. Certain general properties are revealed. Then, based on matrix expression, the logical operators are extended to multi-valued logic, which provides a foundation for fuzzy logical inference. Finally, we propose a new type of logic, called mix-valued logic, and a new design technique, called logic-based fuzzy control. They provide a numerically computable framework for the application of fuzzy logic for the control of fuzzy systems.

移动荷载下道路病害的弯沉盆特性

移动荷载作用下道路弯沉盆蕴含路基、路面的病害信息,充分利用移动弯沉盆信息开展道路病害快速无损检测受到行业重要关注。该文通过分析道路病害的弯沉盆特性,为移动弯沉车开发道路病害检测方法提供技术参考。首先建立半刚性基层沥青路面有限元模型,通过设置不同类型和程度的病害有限元模型,分析在移动荷载作用下路表弯沉盆的连续变化情况。结果表明:荷载移动到病害区域时,各病害模型中路表弯沉盆的中心弯沉值均会变大;路面结构层出现横向裂缝时,弯沉盆的形状会发生明显变化,贯通性横向裂缝对弯沉盆形状的影响最明显;基层与底基层局部松散对弯沉盆形状的影响比面层松散对弯沉盆的影响更明显;土基顶部出现空洞时,弯沉盆形状变化不明显;路基唧泥病害会严重影响路表弯沉盆形状与大小。

Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Methods for a Class of Stochastic Linear Complementarity Problem

For the expected value formulation of stochastic linear complementarity problem, we establish modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods. The convergence of the new methods is discussed when the coefficient matrix is a positive definite matrix or a positive semi-definite matrix, respectively. The advantages of the new methods are that they can solve the large scale stochastic linear complementarity problem, and spend less computational time. Numerical results show that the new methods are efficient and suitable for solving the large scale problems.

建筑结构隔震技术研究进展

建筑结构隔震技术通过在建筑结构底部或中间楼层设置隔震装置,延长结构的自振周期,并提供适当的阻尼使得结构的响应大幅度减小,能够更有效地保护房屋结构以及室内设备的安全,可显著提升建筑震后功能可恢复能力。目前建筑结构隔震技术已经有较为成熟的技术产品和工程应用,已广泛应用于住宅、医院、学校、博物馆和图书馆等建筑中。随着《建设工程抗震管理条例》的颁布,预期隔震技术将有更广阔的应用场景。隔震建筑也将逐步从低层、简单建筑结构向高层、复杂建筑结构的方向发展。目前常用的隔震装置存在着抗拉能力不足、对竖向地震或竖向环境振动减振效果不足、控制频宽窄、适应性不足以及使用状态及损伤状态难以监测等问题。为此,众多学者针对以上问题进行了深入研究,开发了抗拉隔震支座、三维隔震(振)支座、半主动隔震支座和隔震支座的健康监测系统,为扩展隔震技术的应用范围提供了解决方法。目前,相关研究偏重于新型隔震装置的性能研究,未来应全面考虑新型隔震装置对于建筑的影响,提出配套的设计方法,并进行示范性工程应用,加快隔震技术的推广。

不同植物蛋白肉坯料的香气和质地分析

为研究不同植物蛋白肉坯料的香气和质地,以花生、小麦、豌豆3种植物蛋白粉为原料,利用高温螺杆挤压技术,控制成型区温度制备植物蛋白肉坯料,采用气相色谱-串联质谱仪和质构分析仪对喜好度最佳的坯料进行香气和质构分析。结果显示,花生、小麦、豌豆蛋白肉坯料的最佳成型区温度分别为140、100、150℃,3种植物蛋白肉坯料均有较强的豆香、豆腥和油脂香气,其中豌豆蛋白肉坯料的豆香最强。香气分析结果显示,花生蛋白肉坯料的特征香气物质为庚醇、(2 E,4E)-癸二烯醛和苯甲醛,小麦蛋白肉坯料的特征香气物质为2-庚酮、庚醇和(E)-2-壬烯醛,豌豆蛋白肉坯料的特征香气物质为2-庚酮、甲基辛基甲酮、2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪和2-乙基-3,6-二甲基吡嗪。不同复水方法比较结果显示,花生蛋白肉坯料和豌豆蛋白肉坯料适合在50℃温度下复水,而小麦蛋白肉坯料适合在室温(25℃)下复水。小麦蛋白肉坯料复水后硬度、黏附性和咀嚼力最高,豌豆蛋白肉坯料的硬度、黏附性和咀嚼力最低。研究结果旨在为植物蛋白肉坯料风味品质提升和应用提供科学依据。

基于截尾分布的永久路面结构可靠度分析

为建立基于实测参数变异范围的永久路面结构可靠度分析方法,首先基于概率等效原则和逆变换法建立参数“有界”性的双侧截尾分布随机数抽样方法;然后选取现行沥青路面设计规范中面层、基层和路基结构的验算指标建立极限状态方程并开发多指标可靠度计算程序,将分析结果与理论分布随机变量可靠度程序对比;最后结合实测参数变异性水平,使用建立的可靠度分析方法评估京德高速永久路面结构的工后可靠度。结果表明:截尾分布更符合工程参数的真实分布,计算的可靠度更准确;中等交通荷载等级下,京德高速的路面结构可靠度为95.2%~98.7%;在累计当量轴次失效点后,永久路面结构面层、基层和路基的可靠度值均随轴次的增大而减小,且荷载越大,可靠度值下降速率越快,可靠度也越低。

半刚性基层开裂的沥青路面承载力响应特性

为研究半刚性基层开裂对沥青路面承载力响应特性的影响,采用ABAQUS软件建立具有不同形态基层反射裂缝的沥青路面三维模型,研究其在载荷作用下的路面承载力响应特性,揭示响应机理。研究结果表明:反射裂缝越长,路面承载力响应越大。反射裂缝在贯穿路表前后,承载力响应由弱至强发生激增,反射裂缝只在一定宽度范围内影响承载力响应。给出了处治基层反射裂缝的指导建议,即结合现行方案,注意区分反射裂缝和面层裂缝,限制反射裂缝的发展。从长度、宽度、结构层位3个角度分析了反射裂缝对承载力响应特性的影响,仿真结果与现场实测结果相吻合,为研究半刚性基层沥青路面的承载力响应特性提供参考。

半刚接柱脚自复位装配式钢框架拟动力试验研究

为解决刚接柱脚自复位装配式钢框架结构在中震或大震下底层柱可能发生较大的塑性变形的问题,设计一种半刚接柱脚自复位装配式钢框架结构。对其子结构进行拟动力试验,对比框架在Taft地震波、LOS000地震波和El-Centro地震波输入及不同等级地震下的节点开口、耗能能力、刚度退化、预应力损失和应变变化。试验结果表明,钢框架在大震作用下具有良好的自复位功能和耗能能力。钢绞线平均预应力损失最多仅为1.58%,说明施加预应力的方法是可靠的。钢框架柱脚能够始终保持弹性状态,因此震后仅需修复钢梁,大大降低了修复成本。

半刚性基层沥青路面病害及其防治研究

为了提高半刚性基层沥青路面的建设水平,文章依托某国道一级公路,分析了路面反射裂缝、车辙等病害的产生原因,通过ABAQUS软件建立计算模型,分析了反射裂缝的受力和车辙的变形规律,同时提出了采取加铺玻纤格栅、确定基层预切缝间距等措施来处治路面病害,研究成果可为类似项目提供借鉴。

生物基半芳香族共聚酰胺PA5T/56与脂肪族聚酰胺PA56的性能对比

生物基聚酰胺PA56凭借其绿色低碳的原料来源以及与商业化PA66相近的综合性能而受到关注,但受限于脂肪族的柔性主链结构,无法满足高温场景下的使用需求。为解决上述问题,引入对苯二甲酸构筑生物基半芳香族共聚酰胺PA5T/56,对PA5T/56的结构及性能进行系统研究,并与生物基脂肪族聚酰胺PA56进行对比分析。红外光谱与核磁共振氢谱的表征结果验证了PA5T/56与PA56结构上的差异;相比PA56,PA5T/56具有更高的玻璃化转变温度(t_(g)=113℃)、更优的热稳定性(t_(d,5%)=392℃,t_(dmax)=423℃),以及更佳的热机械性能,同时其在高温下具有适宜加工的熔体黏度(<10^(3)Pa·s),这些优势赋予生物基半芳香族PA5T/56广阔的应用前景。

煤基半焦对重金属土壤中铬和镉的原位钝化及作用机制分析

工业化和城市化的快速发展对土壤造成严重的重金属污染,其中由于铬、镉的毒性强,对环境的危害极大。以资源丰富的石河子煤和乌鲁木齐煤为原料经热解制得半焦,将其作为铬和镉污染土壤的钝化材料,以实现重金属污染土壤的修复和改良。利用热重分析得到两种煤样热解的特征温度;采用N_(2)等温吸附法对半焦的孔隙结构进行了表征。通过重金属浸提实验,研究了半焦钝化剂作用时间和添加量对单一污染土壤及复合污染土壤中重金属有效态含量的影响。结果表明:乌鲁木齐煤基半焦具有较适宜重金属钝化的表面特征,孔径主要集中在1.8 nm~4.0 nm,单位面积酸性官能团和碱性官能团数量较多,分别为0.0026 mmol/m^(2)和0.0164 mmol/m^(2);在其添加量为5%,粒径为300μm~500μm,与土壤作用时间为90 d的条件下,铬和镉的有效态含量分别下降了78%和21%。相比于单一污染土壤,竞争作用使得复合污染土壤中铬和镉的钝化效果略有下降。此外,土壤中添加半焦后,土壤的pH值保持在稳定的弱碱性范围内,其有机质含量和阳离子交换量均有提高,改善了土壤的理化性质,可增强土壤肥力。

半刚性基层沥青路面平整度波长研究

为了研究路面平整度波长和动荷载之间的关系,识别半刚性基层沥青路面的波长范围,选择典型高速公路和3级公路作为试验道路。以重型车辆和轻型货车作为试验车辆,采用满载和空载2种工况,在试验车辆后轴安装自主研发的无线车辆轮轴振动加速度测量仪器。现场试验获取车辆轮轴竖向振动时域特征数据,经过傅里叶变换,获得车辆振动频域特征。根据频率、车速和波长之间的关系计算划分了半刚性基层沥青路面平整度波长范围。结果表明:车轴振动加速度的标准偏差可以作为车辆动载荷的直接指标,车轴振动加速度的标准偏差随车速和路面粗糙度的增加而增加;半刚性基层沥青路面的车辆振动典型频域曲线由2个主共振频率和1个次共振频率组成;路面平整度波长可划分为4个波段:0~0.2 m极短波,0.2~1.4 m短波,1.4~5.6 m中波,5.6~100 m长波;极短波和长波对车辆振动产生动荷载影响较小,短波和中波对车辆振动产生动荷载影响较大,其中1.4~5.6 m中波对车辆振动产生动荷载的影响最大。试验结果可作为半刚性基层沥青路面平整度波长波段划分的新标准,为制订半刚性基层沥青路面平整度施工控制标准提供依据。

泡沫沥青复合式冷再生混合料组成设计与性能评价

文中通过发泡试验确定了泡沫沥青的最佳发泡条件,采用马歇尔试验确定了RAP和RAI不同掺配比例下泡沫沥青的最佳掺量,测试分析了泡沫沥青复合式冷再生混合料的抗压强度、抗拉强度、水稳定性和动态模量等性能.结果表明:在发泡温度为160℃,发泡用水量为2.9%的条件下,沥青发泡效果最优;在最佳发泡条件下,RAP掺量为0%、20%、40%的三种方案对应的泡沫沥青最佳掺量分别为3.4%、3.1%、2.9%,此时,三种方案均有较好的抗压、抗拉、水稳定性,并且随着泡沫沥青冷再生混合料中RAP掺量的增加,柔化程度与抗拉性能均逐渐增大,但抗压性能与水稳定性能均有所降低.

半刚性基层裂缝修补灌浆材料与工艺研究

对公路裂缝修补工艺进行研究可发现,现有的技术较少涉及对公路半刚性基层裂缝的灌浆修补。比较各类道路修补用灌浆材料可知,水泥类灌浆材料环保高效,且价廉易得。该文提出一种快硬早强的水泥基灌浆材料,并辅以早强型减水剂和膨胀剂对其膨胀不稳定、收缩开裂等问题进行改善,其各项性能指标检测均满足灌浆要求。同时,对公路半刚性基层裂缝灌浆施工工艺和设备进行全面研究,优化钻孔压力灌浆技术,制定出最佳施工方案,供公路基层裂缝修补人员选用。