KEY TECHNOLOGY OF SEMI-CONTINOUS CONVEYOR SYSTEM IN DEEP SURFACE MINE

The key technology of semi-continuous conveyor system decides the successful using of this system. The key technology includes optimal initial building depth of this system,the crusher moving step and the layout of conveyor system are studied, and their calculating models are built up.

Fabrication and characterization of one-port surface acoustic wave resonators on semi-insulating GaN substrates

One-port surface acoustic wave resonators(SAWRs) are fabricated on semi-insulating high-quality bulk GaN and GaN film substrates, respectively. The semi-insulating GaN substrates are grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy(HVPE)and doped with Fe. The anisotropy of Rayleigh propagation and the electromechanical coupling coefficient in Fe-doped GaN are investigated. The difference in resonance frequency between the SAWs between [1120] GaN and [1100] GaN is about 0.25% for the Rayleigh propagation mode, which is smaller than that of non-intentionally doped GaN film(~1%)reported in the literature. The electromechanical coupling coefficient of Fe-doped GaN is about 3.03%, which is higher than that of non-intentionally doped GaN film. The one-port SAWR fabricated on an 8-μm Fe-doped GaN/sapphire substrate has a quality factor of 2050, and that fabricated on Fe-doped bulk GaN has a quality factor as high as 3650. All of our results indicate that high-quality bulk GaN is a very promising material for application in SAW devices.

Remote Sensing Parameterization of Land Surface Heat Fluxes over Arid and Semi-arid Areas

Dealing with the regional land surfaces heat fluxes over inhomogeneous land surfaces in arid and semi-arid areas is an important but not an easy issue. In this study, one parameterization method based on satellite remote sensing and field observations is proposed and tested for deriving the regional land surface heat fluxes over inhomogeneous landscapes. As a case study, the method is applied to the Dunhuang experimental area and the HEIFE (Heihe River Field Experiment, 1988-1994) area. The Dunhuang area is selected as a basic experimental area for the Chinese National Key Programme for Developing Basic Sciences: Research on the Formation Mechanism and Prediction Theory of Severe Climate Disaster in China (G1998040900, 1999-2003). The four scenes of Landsat TM data used in this study are 3 June 2000, 22 August 2000, and 29 January 2001 for the Dunhuang area and 9 July 1991 for the HEIFE area. The regional distributions of land surface variables, vegetation variables, and heat fluxes over inhomogeneous landscapes in arid and semi-arid areas are obtained in this study.

Surface motion of a semi-elliptical hill for incident plane SH waves

A closed-form analytical solution of surface motion of a semi-elliptical cylindrical hill for incident plane SH waves is presented. Although some previous analytical work had already dealt with hill topography of semi-circular and shallow circular, our work aims at calculating surface motion of very prolate hill for high incident frequency, and explaining the special vibrating is checked by boundary conditions, numerical results for and some conclusions are obtained. properties of very prolate hill. Accuracy of the solution surface motion of oblate and prolate hills are calculated,

STOCHASTIC PROPAGATION OF SEMI-ELLIPTICAL SURFACE CRACK

The semi-elliptical surface crack growth of structural components with uncertain material resistance under random loading is studied by using the stochastic averaging principle.The FPK equation governing the transition probability density function of crack lengths is derived.The analytical solution of the FPK equation for the case of that the equations for the crack growth in the surface and depth directions are uncoupled is obtained.The effects of the parameters of the stress process and of the material property on the behavior of semi-elliptical fatigue crack growth of the components with deterministic resistance to crack growth in the stationary Gaussian stress process are examined.The comparison of the analytical result with digital simulation shows the effectiveness of the present method.

Evaluation of the Formula of Stress Intensity Factor K_1 for Semi-Elliptical Surface Crack

The stress intensity factor (SIF) of the semi elliptical surface crack in the finite body under extensional stress is sclculated by using the FEM software ANSYS release 5.5. The correction factor M f of SIF at different point along the front of the crack is determined.The relation between M f and the semi elliptical shape a/c , the relative crack depth a/b , the variation of angle θ , the relative crack width 2c/w and the relative height width ratio h/w are calculated respectively. Finally the application range and the modification of the engineering formula about SIF is proposed.

Surface plasmon oscillations in a semi-bounded semiconductor plasma

We study the dispersion properties of surface plasmon（SP） oscillations in a semi-bounded semiconductor plasma with the effects of the Coulomb exchange（CE） force associated with the spin polarization of electrons and holes as well as the effects of the Fermi degenerate pressure and the quantum Bohm potential.Starting from a quantum hydrodynamic model coupled to the Poisson equation,we derive the general dispersion relation for surface plasma waves.Previous results in this context are recovered.The dispersion properties of the surface waves are analyzed in some particular cases of interest and the relative influence of the quantum forces on these waves are also studied for a nano-sized Ga As semiconductor plasma.It is found that the CE effects significantly modify the behaviors of the SP waves.The present results are applicable to understand the propagation characteristics of surface waves in solid density plasmas.

Influence of surface liquid segregation on corrosion behavior of semi-solid metal high pressure die cast aluminium alloys

The corrosion behavior(in chloride medium) of the surface layer of SSM-HPDC plates of alloys 7075-T6 and 2024-T6 was compared with that of the wrought alloys 7075-T6 and 2024-T6.Potentiodynamic testing was performed in deaerated 3.5%NaCl solution.In separate tests,the open-circuit potential was monitored in aerated 3.5% NaCl for 30 min after immersion.The electrochemical tests show that there is no significant difference in the pitting potential of the wrought alloys and that of the Cu-enriched surfaces of the SSM-HPDC alloys.

Land Characterization Analysis of Surface Temperature of Semi-Arid Mountainous City Abha, Saudi Arabia Using Remote Sensing and GIS

This knowledge of land surface temperature and its spatial variations within a city environment is of prime importance to the study of urban climate and human-environment interactions. Few studies have examined the influence of land use and terrain on the surface temperature effects of semi-arid mountainous urban areas. This study investigates the urban environment characterization and its effects on surface temperature using remote sensing. The methodologies adapted for this study are geometric and radiometric corrections of satellite data, extraction of land use/land cover and digital elevation model, estimation of vegetation density using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and estimation of surface temperature and emissivity using temperature emissivity separation (TES) algorithm. Finally geospatial model and statistical techniques are used for assessing the overall impact of urban environmental characterization on urban climate of semi-arid region of Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Herein, results reveal that the spatial distribution of surface temperature was affected by land use/land cover (LULC) and topography. The high dense built-up and commercial/industrial areas display higher surface temperature in comparison with surrounding lands. There is gradual decrease of LULC classes’ surface temperature with the increase in altitude. The cooling effect towards the surrounding urban built-up area is found increasing at the hill located vegetated area, the downward slope and valley terrain inside the recreational park. Therefore the spatial variation in surface temperature also reflected the effects of topography on LULC classes. Suitable mountainous land use utilization would help to expand the cooling effect. In the future, the outcomes of this study could be used to build environmentally sustainable urban planning suitable to semi-arid regions and to create practices that consider the local weather environment in urban planning.

Weight Function Method for Stress Intensity Factor of Internal Surface Semi-elliptical Crack in Elliptical Holes

The hatches for inspecting are usually designed with elliptical holes in airplane structures, so computation of the stress intensity factor of three dimensional crack at elliptical holes is pivotal for damage tolerance analysis of these structures. In this paper, weight function is derived for a two dimensional through cracks at elliptical holes by applying a compounding method. Stress intensity factor formulas for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes are obtained wing the three dimensional weight function method. Stress intensity factors for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes under remote tension are computed. At the same time, research on how radius of curvature for elliptical holes affect stress intensity factors was conducted. Stress intensity factors decrease when radius of curvature increases. Some results and conclusions which are of practical value are given.

Effects of spring-summer grazing on longitudinal dune surface in southern Gurbantunggut Desert

Intensive grazing in spring-summer has been responsible for environmental degradation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 （winter grazing） and 2005 （spring-summer grazing）. The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10-40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring-summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Meanwhile the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring-summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% respectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring-summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring-summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China.

Characterization of surface liquid segregation in SSM-HPDC aluminium alloys 7075,2024,6082 and A201

The surface liquid segregation(SLS) phenomenon in semi-solid metal-high pressure die casting(SSM-HPDC) plates of 7075,2024,6082 and A201 was investigated by different techniques.Depth profiles were determined by firstly measuring the chemical composition of the surface of the plates using a Thermo Quantris optical emission spectrometer(OES).Material was then removed by a grinding process followed by measurement of the amount of material removed and chemical analysis.Chemical profiles of the main alloying elements were plotted for the cross-section of the plates in the as-cast and T6(after solution treatment) temper conditions.Vickers hardness profiles from the surface to the centre of the plates were determined.Metallographic samples of cross-sections of the castings were prepared and evaluated using a scanning electron microscope.The results show that surface liquid segregation in SSM-HPDC alloys causes significant differences in properties between the surface and the bulk of these castings in both the F and T6 temper conditions.

Numerical Simulation of Sloshing with Large Deforming Free Surface by MPS-LES Method

Moving particle semi-implicit （MPS） method is a fully Lagrangian particle method which can easily solve problems with violent free surface. Although it has demonstrated its advantage in ocean engineering applications, it still has some defects to be improved. In this paper, MPS method is extended to the large eddy simulation （LES） by coupling with a sub-particle-scale （SPS） turbulence model. The SPS turbulence model turns into the Reynolds stress terms in the filtered momentum equation, and the Smagorinsky model is introduced to describe the Reynolds stress terms. Although MPS method has the advantage in the simulation of the free surface flow, a lot of non-free surface particles are treated as free surface particles in the original MPS model. In this paper, we use a new free surface tracing method and the key point is ＂neighbor particle＂. In this new method, the zone around each particle is divided into eight parts, and the particle will be treated as a free surface particle as long as there are no ＂neighbor particles＂ in any two parts of the zone. As the number density parameter judging method has a high efficiency for the free surface particles tracing, we combine it with the neighbor detected method. First, we select out the particles which may be mistreated with high probabilities by using the number density parameter judging method. And then we deal with these particles with the neighbor detected method. By doing this, the new mixed free surface tracing method can reduce the mistreatment problem efficiently. The serious pressure fluctuation is an obvious defect in MPS method, and therefore an area-time average technique is used in this paper to remove the pressure fluctuation with a quite good result. With these improvements, the modified MPS-LES method is applied to simulate liquid sloshing problems with large deforming free surface. Results show that the modified MPS-LES method can simulate the large deforming free surface easily. It can not only capture the large impact pressure accurately on rolling tank wall but also can generate all physical phenomena successfully. The good agreement between numerical and experimental results proves that the modified MPS-LES method is a good CFD methodology in free surface flow simulations.

Photodetachment microscopy of H^- in the magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces

We study the photo-detachment interference patterns of a hydrogen negative ion in the magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces with a semi-classical open orbit theory. We give a clear physical picture describing the photo-detachment of H- in this case. The electron flux distributions are calculated at various dielectric surfaces with unchanged magnetic field strength. It is found that the electron flux distributions of H- are very different in a magnetic field near different dielectric surfaces, namely the dielectric surface has a great influence on the photo-detachment interference pattern of the negative ion. Therefore, the interference pattern in the detached-electron flux distribution can be controlled by changing the dielectric constant. We hope that our studies may guide the future experimental research in photo-detachment microscopy.

The Strain/Stress Fields of a Subsurface Rectangular Dislocation Loop Parallel to the Surface of a Half Medium: Analytical Solution with Verification

The strain and stress fields of a rectangular dislocation loop in an isotropic solid that is a semi-infinite medium (half medium) are developed here for a Volterra-type dislocation. Specifically, the loop is parallel to the free surface of the solid. The elastic fields of the dislocation loop are developed by integrating the displacement equation of infinitesimals dislocation loops over a finite rectangular loop area below the free surface. The strains and stress then follow from the small strain tensor and Hooke’s law for isotropic materials, respectively. In this paper, analytical verification and numerical verification for the elastic fields are both demonstrated. Equilibrium equations and strain compatibility equations are applied in the verification. Also, a comparison with a newly-developed numerical method for dislocations near a free surface is performed as well. The developed solution is a function of the loop depth beneath the surface and can be used as a fundamental solution to solve elasticity, plasticity or dislocation problems.

旱区陆面非降水性水分研究进展和展望

随着全球气候变暖,自然生态系统和水资源压力不断增加,加剧了全球水资源的短缺。旱区非降水性水分(Non-precipitation Water,NPW),作为一种重要的水源,对旱区生态系统和陆面水分平衡具有显著影响。本文基于国内外非降水性水分研究现状,总结其在西北旱区的观测方法、变化特征、形成机制及对陆面水分平衡和作物的影响。在结合非降水性水分研究国际趋势的基础上,指出当前研究的不足和问题,以及未来研究的重点方向:揭示陆面非降水性水分的复杂形成机制,加强对不同气候区和下垫面非降水性水分的认知,建立专门的陆面非降水性水分观测系统,发展其在数值模式中的参数化,以及制定陆面非降水性水分开发利用的技术标准。

考虑小应变刚度特性的软土边界面模型与应用

基坑开挖导致周边土体经历复杂的加卸载应力路径,传统的本构模型难以同时反映此过程中土体的超固结和小应变刚度特性。在现有的边界面模型中,引入土体小应变刚度特性,提出软土边界面模型小应变刚度修正方法。基于一种高效的半隐式应力更新算法,将改进后的边界面模型采用UMAT子程序二次开发嵌入有限元软件ABAQUS中,并应用于某地铁车站深基坑开挖工程的数值模拟。分析结果表明,采用改进模型准确地反映了上海地区典型土层的小应变状态本构关系和土体的应变刚度相关性;由于改进的边界面模型能够同时反映土体超固结和小应变刚度特性,计算的围护结构变形与现场监测数据吻合较好。

激光清洗技术在半潜式平台分层除漆中的应用

应用1064 nm纳秒脉冲光纤激光器对半潜式平台零部件分层除漆进行研究,探究不同激光工艺参数对分层除漆效果的影响。结果表明,填充间距对分层除漆效果影响显著,除漆参数存在最佳匹配,最佳参数可实现漆层以底漆、中涂漆、面漆之间层次距离约1 cm,以破损点为中心清理出清晰的台阶结构,且激光清洗后基材无烧蚀和氧化变色,表面等级可达Sa2.5。激光除漆前后基材表面粗糙度均在20μm左右。对激光除漆过程进行温升检测,发现除漆过程基材温升为60~65℃,此温升不会改变基材组织结构。因此,激光用于半潜式平台分层除漆是可行的。所作研究为激光清洗在海洋工程领域的应用提供基础。

半封闭自由表面式静电纺喷头尖端参数对电场强度及其均匀性的影响

在实验过程中设计的半封闭自由表面式静电纺丝喷头,由于内外2层尖端电场不均匀,导致在纺丝初期外层开始形成泰勒锥时内层依旧是液滴,针对该问题,对此喷头的尖端进行电场分析和优化。利用COMSOL对喷头初始模型进行电场模拟,其尖端平均电场强度为2710 kV/m,CV值为18%。将初始模型的叶片排布优化为对齐镊合和错位镊合并改变其尖端角度,根据实际模型测得外层尖端角度的变化范围为63.90°~160.78°,内层尖端角度变化范围为43.66°~170.22°,利用COMSOL对2种排列从内外层均为70°到内外层均为160°的模型进行电场模拟,将得到的仿真数据拟合成方程,当对喷头施加30 kV电压且接收极接地时,得到对齐镊合且外层为71°、内层为45°时尖端电场强度平均值为5643 kV/m,CV值为11%;错位镊合且外层为117°、内层为45°时尖端电场强度平均值为4773 kV/m,CV值为10%。再经过均匀电场的理论计算得出对齐镊合时喷头中轴线上2个点受到的电场力比错位镊合时分别小8.65%和14.96%,根据仿真模拟和理论计算结果得出,喷头采用对齐镊合且外层为71°、内层为45°时为最优,其尖端电场强度相对于优化前的模型提高了108%,,CV值降低了38.89%,故在同等条件下该模型不会因为内外电场不均匀而导致多射流不同步。实验过程中,改进的2种喷头在30 kV电压下均无液滴。对齐镊合喷头在20 kV电压下可以实现稳定纺丝,错位镊合喷头在24 kV下可以实现稳定纺丝。

基于响应面法的半柔性路面材料低温性能研究

为提高半柔性路面材料(SFPM)低温抗裂性能,采用橡胶粉与硅烷偶联剂对水泥砂浆进行改性,制备复合半柔性路面材料(R&S-SFPM)。基于响应面分析法以劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯拉强度、最大弯拉应变、弯曲蠕变速率以及平均线收缩系数作为评价指标分析胶粉目数、掺量及硅烷偶联剂用量对SFPM低温性能的影响,并确定了可获得最优低温性能表现的R&S-SFPM掺配比例。结果表明:橡胶粉可提高SFPM的应力松弛能力,使其具有更好的柔韧性;硅烷偶联剂可提高SFPM力学强度。此外,橡胶粉及硅烷偶联剂掺量、胶粉目数均对SFPM低温性能改善效果有较大影响。当胶粉目数为60目、掺量为14%,硅烷偶联剂用量为0.72%时,R&S-SFPM综合低温效果最佳;与普通半柔性路面材料(O-SFPM)相比,R&S-SFPM的劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯拉强度、最大弯拉应变以及弯曲蠕变速率分别提高23.7%、7.6%、29.9%和15.2%。