Effects of Rice Combine Harvester Application to Harvest Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds

During the test, the seed yield, Iabor efficiency, harvesting costs and eco-nomic benefits were compared and analyzed between mechanical harvesting tech-noIogy and traditional artificial harvesting technoIogy of Chinese miIk vetch seeds to studied the mechanical harvesting technoIogy and appIication effects. The resuIts showed that mechanical harvesting technoIogy increased the yield of 92.7 kg/hm2, reducing the seeds Ioss. It improved the Iabor efficiency and reduced the harvesting cost. For exampIe, a rice combine harvester was the equal of 18-20 person in the harvest quantity in one day, which directIy reduced the Iabor cost of 2 175-3 000 yuan/hm2 and increased the economic income of 3 307-4 099 yuan/hm2. So it wiI pIay an important roIe in soIving the shortage of Chinese miIk vetch seeds and ac-ceIerating the deveIopment of Chinese miIk vetch green manure crop in south China rice region.

Optimization of Conventional Combine Harvester to Reduce Combine Losses for Basmati Rice (<i>Oryza Sativa</i>)

A study was conducted at PAU Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur (Punjab) to investigate the design and operational parameters of threshing mechanism of conventional combine harvester for basmati crop. This study was aimed to investigate the suitable changes required in the self-propelled conventional combine harvester for harvesting the basmati crop with minimum grain losses. Field evaluation of experiment was carried out to assess the influence of independent design variable i.e., arrangement of spikes (AS) and independent operational parameters such as concave clearance (CC) and cylinder speed (CS). The study was aimed to enumerate various combining losses viz., extent of visible and invisible grain damage and threshing efficiency at different AS, CC and CS levels. The first year data recorded during 2017 were processed for the optimization during 2018. The results of the present study revealed that during 2017, maximum visible and invisible losses was 5.49% ± 0.33% and 28.07% ± 3.21%, respectively whereas after modification, these losses remained only 4.00% ± 0.80% and 24.07% ± 2.86%, respectively. The threshing efficiency remained above 99.31% ± 0.47%, for both years. Thus, optimization of combine harvester was able to save the visible grain damage by 60% to 83% and invisible grain damage by 6% to 16%, respectively during 2018 than the year 2017.

Can harvest outsourcing services reduce field harvest losses of rice in China?

The purpose of this study is to quantify the rice harvest losses in China and to evaluate the impacts of machinery and harvest outsourcing services on these losses,given the background of high-speed mechanization and outsourcing services.Data were collected from a national survey conducted in 2016 by the research team in conjunction with the Research Center for the Rural Economy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China.A non-parametric method was used to test whether combine harvesting and outsourcing services could significantly reduce harvest losses.Next,quantile regression was used to estimate the real effects of machinery and outsourcing services on harvest losses.The analysis yielded four main study outcomes.First,the harvest loss rate of rice in China was 3.65%.Second,mechanical reaping and winnowing caused greater losses than manual methods,while the opposite was true of field transportation.Third,combine harvesting increased the losses.Fourth,the effects of an outsourcing service on losses differed among the different harvesting methods.Outsourcing services increased losses in segmented harvesting but they reduced losses in combine harvesting.

Inertial force balance and ADAMS simulation of the oscillating sieve and return pan of a rice combine harvester

To reduce the inertial force of the oscillating sieve and return pan of a rice combine harvester,partial equilibrium was adopted.Firstly,based on the kinematic analysis of a slider-crank mechanism,the appropriate mass of counterweight intervals was achieved.Then,an ADAMS dynamic simulation was used to determine the optimum balance mass of the oscillating sieve and return pan individually.Considering the relative motion between the return pan and the oscillating sieve,the overall inertial force of the two parts would be reduced.The simulation results indicated that the optimum counterweight of the oscillating sieve was 15.5 kg based on an analysis of the movement tracks of the mass center and overall inertial force.The results also showed that the overall balance of inertial force not only reduced the counterweight but also decreased the overall inertial force of the oscillating sieve and return pan.Finally,a search for the most suitable crank initial angle of the return pan to reduce the overall inertial force and optimize the overall balance revealed three groups of initial angles:φ=0°,φ=45°,andφ=90°.The results indicated that arranging the initial angle of the crank of the oscillating sieve and return pan in the same position(φ=90°)was the most favorable for reducing the overall inertial force.In this situation,the optimum counterweight of the oscillating sieve was only 14.0 kg.The results can provide references for the design of the overall balance of the inertial force in the cleaning components of a combine harvester.

Selection of proper combine harvesters to field conditions by an effective field capacity prediction model

Farmers have to finish their harvesting with high efficiency,because of time and cost.However,farmers are lacking knowledge and information required for selecting suitable combine harvesters and giving the conditions of their rice fields,because both information factors(combine harvester and field condition)impact the field capacity.The field capacity model was generated from combine harvesters with the Thai Hom Mali rice variety(KDML-105).Therefore,this study aimed to determine the prediction model for effective field capacity to combine harvesters when harvesting the Thai Hom Mali rice variety(KDML-105).The methods began by collecting data of 15 combine harvesters,such as field,crop,and machine conditions and operating times;to generate the prediction model for the KDML-105 variety.The prediction model was then validated using 12 combine harvesters that were collected similarly to the model creation.The results showed a root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.24 m^(2)/s for the model.The prediction model can be applied for farmers to select the proper combine harvesters and give their field conditions.

国内水稻联合收割机发展历程及趋势

概述了我国水稻联合收割机的发展历程,结合我国水稻联合收割机的技术现状和作业需求,展望了未来我国水稻联合收割机的发展方向,为我国水稻联合收割机的研发提供参考。

水稻收割机作业性能数字化试验鉴定方法研究

针对水稻收割机田间作业性能数字化试验鉴定手段缺乏的问题,构建了水稻收割机田间作业性能数字化试验鉴定系统。工作时,GPS模块实现田间作业速度和作业位置实时监测,破碎含杂率检测装置实现破碎率、含杂率在线监测,损失率检测装置实现清选损失率和夹带损失率的在线检测,各功能模块通过CAN总线与人机交互系统实现数据通信。同时,开展了相关的田间试验以验证系统的性能,结果表明:水稻收割机田间作业性能数字化试验鉴定系统破碎率的检测性能最好,准确率平均值达到77.85%;含杂率的检测性能次之,平均准确率为76.62%;损失率的检测性能最差,平均准确率为75.46%;就整机性能鉴定结果而言,人工检测和水稻收割机田间作业性能数字化试验鉴定系统检测结果具有一致性。由此可见,本文构建的水稻收割机田间作业性能数字化试验鉴定系统能够实现收割机田间作业性能在线检测,可为水稻收割机田间作业性能数字化试验鉴定提供有力的技术支持。

稻麦联合收割机变频驱动液压控制中强扰动问题解决方法

稻麦联合收割机变频驱动液压泵,作为收割机液压系统中重要的动力元件,其在工作中存在非线性时变特征干扰,控制过程中存在的强扰动一直是需要解决的难点,提出一种稻麦联合收割机变频驱动液压控制方法。针对非线性时变特征带来的强扰动问题,设计了降阶负载扰动观测器与转速模糊控制器。将降阶负载扰动观测器、转速模糊控制器与工控计算机、变频器、发动机、液压泵等组件结合起来,构建了强干扰下变频驱动液压泵的自动化控制方法,实现了对液压系统中压力和流量的精确控制。实验结果表明:由该技术控制的收割机转速与流量相对稳定,具有较强的抗干扰性,泵出口压力与最大负载压力的压差较小,高度拟合,且几乎没有溢流损耗,节能效果显著。

再生稻割穗机的设计与性能试验

以拆除插植装置后的高地隙乘坐式插秧机底盘为动力底盘,在其上增设割台、输送槽、集穗箱以及第二动力等装置,设计一种专用于再生稻穗头收获的高地隙割穗机.对该高地隙割穗机的割幅、生产率、行走功率等主要工作参数进行理论计算,对其螺旋推运器、割台、输送装置等主要工作部件的结构及运动参数进行分析,并试制割幅为1.6m、理论喂入量为1.8kg/s的样机.以“两优28”、“黄华占”水稻品种为试验对象,在试验田对该割穗机进行收获及稻茬碾压性能田间试验.结果表明该机田间碾压率≤25.15%,割茬高度在250-650mm间无级调节,纯工作效率约为0.24hm^2/h,满足再生稻穗头收获作业要求.

单切双横流脱粒分离装置参数试验与优化!

为解决全喂入式联合收获机收获秆青叶茂难脱高产水稻时脱粒分离损失大且容易出现堵塞的问题,设计了单切双横流脱粒分离装置,在单切双横流脱粒分离装置试验台上,通过对比试验分别对凹板筛栅条轴向间距、顶盖导向板个数和滚筒轴间距进行了优选,得到优选结构参数为:第Ⅰ切流、第Ⅱ横轴流和第Ⅲ横轴流凹板筛栅条轴向间距分别为10 mm、16 mm和16 mm,第Ⅱ横轴流和第Ⅲ横轴流顶盖导向板的个数都为4个,第Ⅰ切流和第Ⅱ横轴流以及第Ⅱ横轴流和第Ⅲ横轴流滚筒轴间距分别为645 mm和667.5 mm;在得到的优选结构参数下,以喂入量、脱粒间隙和滚筒转速为试验因素进行正交试验,并运用模糊综合评价法和极差分析得出试验范围内切双横流水稻脱粒分离装置的优选工作参数为:喂入量为5 kg/s,第Ⅰ切流、第Ⅱ横轴流和第Ⅲ横轴流脱粒间隙分别为40 mm、35 mm和40 mm,第Ⅰ切流、第Ⅱ横轴流和第Ⅲ横轴流滚筒转速分别为550 r/min、600 r/min和750 r/min。在此参数下,得到单切双横流脱粒分离装置的性能指标为:未脱净率0.05%,夹带损失率0.36%,脱粒总损失率0.41%,第Ⅰ切流、第Ⅱ横轴流和第Ⅲ横轴流脱粒滚筒功耗分别为3.33 k W、21.26 k W和12.58 k W,脱粒滚筒总功耗37.17 k W,脱出物杂余质量分数14.37%。

履带式全喂入稻麦联合收获机工作装置设计

针对当前履带式全喂入联合收获机存在的问题,设计了双动刀往复式切割器、叠加式切割器驱动机构、同轴差速轴流式脱粒滚筒、圆锥型离心式清选风扇和板齿式杂余复脱装置等工作部件。试验表明,改进的工作部件能明显提高切割效率,有效解决了损失率、破碎率和含杂率3项主要性能指标之间的矛盾,使3项指标同时下降至较理想状态。

双季稻区收获农艺及先进适用联合收割机型谱

分析了双季稻区收获农艺的 4种区域性特点以及市场的多层次需求 ;介绍了国内外双季稻区用联合收割机的现状和发展趋势 ;阐述研究开发双季稻区先进适用联合收割机需解决的 4项技术关键 ;提出新产品系列的基本模块 :通用底盘 ,全喂入、割前脱、半喂入 3种收获工作部件 ;

4LZ–0.8型小型水稻联合收割机的设计

为适应南方丘陵山区的作业环境,提高水稻机械化收获作业质量和效率,研制了4LZ–0.8型水稻联合收割机。对收割机行走装置、脱分系统、清选系统、二次切割装置等关键部件进行了设计。对整机性能检测试验结果显示,该机型生产率为0.116 hm2/h,清选含杂率为1.8%,破碎率为0.2%,总损失率为2.0%,均达到或优于GB/T 8892—2008《收获机械联合收割机试验方法》及DG/T 014—2009《谷物联合收割机》中规定的标准。

小型水稻联合收割机旋风分离清选试验

针对4LZ–0.8型小型水稻联合收割机在清选过程中存在的清选损失较大以及连续作业时湿物料易堵塞问题,对其分离清选装置进行了改进设计。改进后的装置由物料输送机构、扬谷器、旋风分离清选筒以及吸杂风机组成,去除了原有刮板抛送机构,在旋风分离筒中加装了半球体分离组件,改物料径向进入分离筒为切向进入。利用自制旋风分离清选试验台,以扬谷器转速、吸杂风机转速、分离组件距入口高度为试验因素,以谷粒清洁率和清选损失率为性能评价指标,运用回归分析方法建立了清选系统的数学模型,优化确定了最佳参数组合。试验结果表明:当扬谷器转速为1 133 r/min,吸杂风机转速为2 609 r/min,分离组件距入口高度为51 mm时,谷粒清洁率达到98.93%,清选损失率为0.035%。

小型全喂入双滚筒轴流联合收获机设计与试验

为分析小型全喂入双滚筒轴流联合收获机脱粒分离能力与夹带损失,进行整机总结设计并自行设计了双滚筒轴流脱粒装置,分析了结构参数选取,并与同型收获机的单滚筒轴流脱粒装置进行对比试验,测定了两装置的未脱净率与夹带损失率。结果表明:单滚筒未脱净率为0.18%,双滚筒未脱净率接近0;双滚筒夹带损失率平均值0.45%,比单滚筒夹带损失率平均值0.74%降低了39%,新开发的小型全喂入双滚筒联合收获机能有效地解决脱不净与夹带损失等问题。

丘陵山区用轻简型4LZ―1.0Q稻麦联合收割机的研制

简述了研制的4LZ―1.0Q轻简型稻麦联合收割机的整体结构配置、作业过程、关键部件的设计过程及技术特点。整机主要由底盘、传动系统及脱分系统、清选系统等关键部件组成,配套动力为16.18kW,割幅为1.4m,喂入量为1.0kg/s。试验考核和示范应用表明,该机结构紧凑、轻简可靠、作业顺畅,能较好适应南方丘陵地区小田块作业,生产率可达0.27hm2/h,水稻收获总损失率1%、含杂率0.6%、破碎率1%,小麦收获总损失率1.1%、含杂率1.6%、破碎率0.1%,各项指标均达到国家规定标准。

倒伏超级稻割前摘脱台试验

针对目前倒伏超级稻霜前机械化收获存在的问题,设计了一种新型气吸式摘脱台。为优化该摘脱台的设计、确定其关键参数最佳匹配,以倒伏型水稻割前摘脱总损失为评价指标,回收率为参考指标,对摘脱滚筒齿尖线速度、喂入速度、喂入口水平开度与喂入口风速等进行了单因素和正交试验。单因素试验表明:影响摘脱台损失的主要因素是喂入速度、摘脱滚筒齿尖线速度、喂入口风速和喂入口水平开度。正交试验表明:最佳组合为摘脱滚筒齿尖线速度23m/s,喂入速度0.9m/s,喂入口水平开度100mm与喂入口气流速度14m/s,割前收获顺向倒伏超级稻总损失1.52%。试验结果表明所设计的摘脱台满足倒伏超级稻收获要求,并为超级稻割前摘脱联合收割机摘脱台的设计提供依据。

寒地超级稻摘脱台设计参数的试验研究

为进一步改善寒地超级稻霜前收获摘脱台的性能,降低梳脱损失,通过对影响摘脱台工作性能的主要参数和结构特点的分析,在4ZTL-1800型气吸式割前摘脱稻麦联合收割机研究基础上,设计了一种具有可更换3种滚筒的摘脱台。以摘脱台的总损失为评价指标,对摘脱滚筒线速度、喂入速度、喂入口开度与喂入口风速进行了单因素和多因素正交试验。单因素试验表明:摘脱滚筒线速度、喂入速度和喂入口风速三因素对摘脱损失有显著影响。正交试验表明:最佳组合为滚筒线速度23m/s,喂入速度1.1m/s,喂入口开度120mm,喂入口气流速度14m/s,此技术条件下摘脱损失不大于1%。所设计的摘脱台满足超级稻收获要求,并为超级稻割前摘脱联合收割机摘脱台的设计提供依据。

联合收获机电容式稻谷含水率在线检测装置设计与试验

针对联合收获机稻谷含水率实时检测过程中因样本含杂率高而导致精度和稳定性差的问题,搭建了兼具二次筛分除杂功能的稻谷实时采样台架,基于采样台架采用电容法设计了联合收获机稻谷含水率在线检测系统。设计了检测系统硬件电路,开发了上位机监控界面,实现了上位机和下位机之间的通信。分析了温度和含杂率变化对电容差值的影响规律,进行了采样台架性能试验,建立了电容差值、温度和稻谷含水率输出的关系模型,其二阶模型决定系数为0.986 6,并对模型进行了验证。结果表明:采样台架筛分后的稻谷含杂率均小于1.2%;室内试验时,检测系统最大误差为0.42%,平均误差为0.22%,检测装置平均相对误差不大于1.25%;田间试验时,检测装置相对误差小于3%,有效提高了在线检测精度。本研究可为稻谷含水率的在线获取提供参考。

超级稻联合收获机具的探讨

每公顷产量10500kg超级杂交稻已经问世,超级杂交稻与现有水稻的特性差别很大,现有推广使用的联合收割机都不适应超级稻的收获,且穗头上方有大量直立叶片,半喂入机型根本无法适应,因此有必要尽早研究开发新型的联合收割机,以适应即将大面积推广的超级稻的收获。