Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high...Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed.展开更多
Simultaneously realizing improved activity and stability of acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysts is highly promising for developing cost-effective sustainable energy in the splitting of water techniq...Simultaneously realizing improved activity and stability of acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysts is highly promising for developing cost-effective sustainable energy in the splitting of water technique.Herein,we report iridium nanocrystals embedded into 3D conductive clothes(Ir-NCT/CC) as a low iridium electrocatalyst realizing ultrahigh acidic OER activity and robust stability.The well-designed Ir-NCT/CC requires a low overpotential of 202 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)with a high mass activity of 1754 A g^(-1).Importantly,in acidic overall water splitting,Ir-NCT/CC merely delivers a cell voltage of 1.469 V at a typical current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and also maintains robust durability under continuous operation.We identify that a low working voltage drives the formation of a highly stable amorphous IrOxactive phase over the surface of Ir nanocrystals(surface heterojunction IrOx/Ir-NCT) during operating conditions,which contributes to an effective and durable OER process.展开更多
How to accelerate the convergence speed and avoid computing the inversion of a Jacobian matrix is important in the solution of nonlinear algebraic equations(NAEs).This paper develops an approach with a splitting-linea...How to accelerate the convergence speed and avoid computing the inversion of a Jacobian matrix is important in the solution of nonlinear algebraic equations(NAEs).This paper develops an approach with a splitting-linearizing technique based on the nonlinear term to reduce the effect of the nonlinear terms.We decompose the nonlinear terms in the NAEs through a splitting parameter and then linearize the NAEs around the values at the previous step to a linear system.Through the maximal orthogonal projection concept,to minimize a merit function within a selected interval of splitting parameters,the optimal parameters can be quickly determined.In each step,a linear system is solved by the Gaussian elimination method,and the whole iteration procedure is convergent very fast.Several numerical tests show the high performance of the optimal split-linearization iterative method(OSLIM).展开更多
An error correction technique to achieve a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter(SAR ADC) is proposed. A tunable split capacitor is designed to eliminate the mismatches caused by parasit...An error correction technique to achieve a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter(SAR ADC) is proposed. A tunable split capacitor is designed to eliminate the mismatches caused by parasitic capacitors. The linearity error of capacitor array caused by process mismatch is calibrated by a novel calibration capacitor array that can improve the sampling rate. The dual-comparator topology ensures both the speed and precision of the ADC. The simulation results show that the SAR ADC after calibration achieves 83.07 dB SNDR and 13.5 bit ENOB at 500 kilosamples/s.展开更多
In this paper, we propose two hybrid inertial CQ projection algorithms with linesearch process for the split feasibility problem. Based on the hybrid CQ projection algorithm, we firstly add the inertial term into the ...In this paper, we propose two hybrid inertial CQ projection algorithms with linesearch process for the split feasibility problem. Based on the hybrid CQ projection algorithm, we firstly add the inertial term into the iteration to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm, and adopt flexible rules for selecting the stepsize and the shrinking projection region, which makes an optimal stepsize available at each iteration. The shrinking projection region is the intersection of three sets, which are the set C and two hyperplanes. Furthermore, we modify the Armijo-type line-search step in the presented algorithm to get a new algorithm.The algorithms are shown to be convergent under certain mild assumptions. Besides, numerical examples are given to show that the proposed algorithms have better performance than the general CQ algorithm.展开更多
Split liver transplantation(SLT),while widely accepted in pediatrics,remains underutilized in adults. Advancements in surgical techniques and donor-recipient matching,however,have allowed expansion of SLT from utiliza...Split liver transplantation(SLT),while widely accepted in pediatrics,remains underutilized in adults. Advancements in surgical techniques and donor-recipient matching,however,have allowed expansion of SLT from utilization of the right trisegment graft to now include use of the hemiliver graft as well. Despite less favorable outcomes in the early experience,better outcomes have been reported by experienced centers and have further validated the feasibility of SLT. Importantly,more than two decades of experience have identified key requirements for successful SLT in adults. When these requirements are met,SLT can achieve outcomes equivalent to those achieved with other types of liver transplantation for adults. However,substantial challenges,such as surgical techniques,logistics,and ethics,persist as ongoing barriers to further expansion of this highly complex procedure. This review outlines the current state of SLT in adults,focusing on donor and recipient selection based on physiology,surgical techniques,surgical outcomes,and ethical issues.展开更多
Many methods have been proposed in the literature for solving the split variational inequality problem.Most of these methods either require that this problem is transformed into an equivalent variational inequality pr...Many methods have been proposed in the literature for solving the split variational inequality problem.Most of these methods either require that this problem is transformed into an equivalent variational inequality problem in a product space,or that the underlying operators are co-coercive.However,it has been discovered that such product space transformation may cause some potential difficulties during implementation and its approach may not fully exploit the attractive splitting nature of the split variational inequality problem.On the other hand,the co-coercive assumption of the underlying operators would preclude the potential applications of these methods.To avoid these setbacks,we propose two new relaxed inertial methods for solving the split variational inequality problem without any product space transformation,and for which the underlying operators are freed from the restrictive co-coercive assumption.The methods proposed,involve projections onto half-spaces only,and originate from an explicit discretization of a dynamical system,which combines both the inertial and relaxation techniques in order to achieve high convergence speed.Moreover,the sequence generated by these methods is shown to converge strongly to a minimum-norm solution of the problem in real Hilbert spaces.Furthermore,numerical implementations and comparisons are given to support our theoretical findings.展开更多
To control land surface subsidence caused the underground mineral exploitation and the catastrophic phenomena such as serious damage of buildings, waterbodies, cultivated lands, railways, bridges caused by land subsid...To control land surface subsidence caused the underground mineral exploitation and the catastrophic phenomena such as serious damage of buildings, waterbodies, cultivated lands, railways, bridges caused by land subsidence, bed separation grouting technology of overburden is put forward. To provide theoretical support for the technology, the characteristics and the mechanics mechanism of mining overburden from layer-split to formation of bed separation are studied. On the basis of elastic sheet board theory, calculation formula of rock sheet deflection is presented, and the mechanics criteria of the separation formation and the calculation formula of bed separation volume are set up. Finally, the applications and technics of bed separation grout technology of mining overburden to control land subsidence in china are introduced.展开更多
目的:比较不同术式联合Toric IOL植入术治疗硬核年龄相关性白内障的疗效。方法:回顾性研究。选取2020-01/2021-12我院确诊为硬核年龄相关性白内障患者104例104眼,按照不同手术方式分为超声乳化组52眼采用超声乳化术联合Toric IOL植入术...目的:比较不同术式联合Toric IOL植入术治疗硬核年龄相关性白内障的疗效。方法:回顾性研究。选取2020-01/2021-12我院确诊为硬核年龄相关性白内障患者104例104眼,按照不同手术方式分为超声乳化组52眼采用超声乳化术联合Toric IOL植入术,小切口组52眼采用小切口水平空间劈核术联合Toric IOL植入术。比较两组患者手术前后最佳矫正远视力(BCDVA)、角膜散光、角膜内皮细胞数量和正常六边形细胞比例、泪膜功能及并发症情况。结果:术前和术后3mo两组患者BCDVA(LogMAR)比较均无差异(均P>0.05);术后1wk,小切口组患者BCDVA(LogMAR)优于超声乳化组(0.15±0.04 vs 0.20±0.05,P<0.001)。两组患者各组内术后1wk,3mo角膜散光均低于术前,术后3mo低于术后1wk(均P<0.05),而两组间手术前后角膜散光比较均无差异(均P>0.05)。术后1wk、3mo,小切口组患者角膜内皮细胞数量高于超声乳化组(术后1wk:2363.8±315.3 vs 2231.4±326.4cells/mm2,P<0.05;术后3mo:2414.6±245.7 vs 2322.9±221.0cells/mm2,P<0.05)。术前、术后1wk两组角膜正常六边形细胞比例比较均无差异(均P>0.05);术后3mo,小切口组正常六边形细胞比例高于超声乳化组(21.77%±1.91%vs 20.59%±1.65%,P<0.001)。术前、术后3mo时两组BUT和OSDI评分的比较无差异(P>0.05);术后1wk小切口组患者BUT长于超声乳化组(6.8±0.8 vs 5.9±1.0s,P<0.001),OSDI评分低于超声乳化组(17.62±5.47 vs 20.34±6.18分,P<0.05)。小切口组术后并发症发生率低于超声乳化组(3.9%vs 17.3%,P<0.05)。结论:小切口水平空间劈核术联合Toric IOL植入术可明显改善硬核年龄相关性白内障患者视力及散光,对角膜内皮和泪膜功能损伤轻微。展开更多
目的浅析改良骨劈开技术与引导骨再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)联用治疗牙槽骨骨缺损患者对其美学效果与骨吸收情况的影响。方法选取2018年8月至2019年6月在宁波市妇女儿童医院口腔科就诊的120例牙槽骨骨缺损患者,依据牙骨缺损...目的浅析改良骨劈开技术与引导骨再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)联用治疗牙槽骨骨缺损患者对其美学效果与骨吸收情况的影响。方法选取2018年8月至2019年6月在宁波市妇女儿童医院口腔科就诊的120例牙槽骨骨缺损患者,依据牙骨缺损情况和牙周探诊目测法分成观察组(n=68)与对照组(n=52),对照组予以GBR治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联用改良骨劈开技术治疗;依据红色美学指数(red aesthetic index,PES)与白色美学指数(white aesthetic index,WES)评估两组在修复术结束当天与负重随访6个月时的美学效果,以及负重随访6个月骨吸收的情况,比较手术前、负重6个月后种植处牙槽骨的骨壁厚度的变化,以及负重随访6个月的满意度。结果负重随访6个月,观察组PES与WES评分皆显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组远中与近中边缘的骨吸收量皆显著少于对照组(P<0.05),观察组10mm、7mm与1mm点位牙槽骨的骨壁厚度皆显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组满意度显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论牙槽骨缺损患者予以改良骨劈开技术联合GBR治疗的美学效果显著,可有效改善骨吸收情况,且满意度更高,值得应用与推广。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21962008)Yunnan Province Excellent Youth Fund Project(202001AW070005)+1 种基金Candidate Talents Training Fund of Yunnan Province(2017PY269SQ,2018HB007)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-346).
文摘Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12205300 and 12135012)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085QA28 and 2208085J01)。
文摘Simultaneously realizing improved activity and stability of acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysts is highly promising for developing cost-effective sustainable energy in the splitting of water technique.Herein,we report iridium nanocrystals embedded into 3D conductive clothes(Ir-NCT/CC) as a low iridium electrocatalyst realizing ultrahigh acidic OER activity and robust stability.The well-designed Ir-NCT/CC requires a low overpotential of 202 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)with a high mass activity of 1754 A g^(-1).Importantly,in acidic overall water splitting,Ir-NCT/CC merely delivers a cell voltage of 1.469 V at a typical current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and also maintains robust durability under continuous operation.We identify that a low working voltage drives the formation of a highly stable amorphous IrOxactive phase over the surface of Ir nanocrystals(surface heterojunction IrOx/Ir-NCT) during operating conditions,which contributes to an effective and durable OER process.
基金support provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,ROC under Contract No.MOST 110-2221-E-019-044.
文摘How to accelerate the convergence speed and avoid computing the inversion of a Jacobian matrix is important in the solution of nonlinear algebraic equations(NAEs).This paper develops an approach with a splitting-linearizing technique based on the nonlinear term to reduce the effect of the nonlinear terms.We decompose the nonlinear terms in the NAEs through a splitting parameter and then linearize the NAEs around the values at the previous step to a linear system.Through the maximal orthogonal projection concept,to minimize a merit function within a selected interval of splitting parameters,the optimal parameters can be quickly determined.In each step,a linear system is solved by the Gaussian elimination method,and the whole iteration procedure is convergent very fast.Several numerical tests show the high performance of the optimal split-linearization iterative method(OSLIM).
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2012ZX03004008)
文摘An error correction technique to achieve a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter(SAR ADC) is proposed. A tunable split capacitor is designed to eliminate the mismatches caused by parasitic capacitors. The linearity error of capacitor array caused by process mismatch is calibrated by a novel calibration capacitor array that can improve the sampling rate. The dual-comparator topology ensures both the speed and precision of the ADC. The simulation results show that the SAR ADC after calibration achieves 83.07 dB SNDR and 13.5 bit ENOB at 500 kilosamples/s.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72071130)。
文摘In this paper, we propose two hybrid inertial CQ projection algorithms with linesearch process for the split feasibility problem. Based on the hybrid CQ projection algorithm, we firstly add the inertial term into the iteration to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm, and adopt flexible rules for selecting the stepsize and the shrinking projection region, which makes an optimal stepsize available at each iteration. The shrinking projection region is the intersection of three sets, which are the set C and two hyperplanes. Furthermore, we modify the Armijo-type line-search step in the presented algorithm to get a new algorithm.The algorithms are shown to be convergent under certain mild assumptions. Besides, numerical examples are given to show that the proposed algorithms have better performance than the general CQ algorithm.
文摘Split liver transplantation(SLT),while widely accepted in pediatrics,remains underutilized in adults. Advancements in surgical techniques and donor-recipient matching,however,have allowed expansion of SLT from utilization of the right trisegment graft to now include use of the hemiliver graft as well. Despite less favorable outcomes in the early experience,better outcomes have been reported by experienced centers and have further validated the feasibility of SLT. Importantly,more than two decades of experience have identified key requirements for successful SLT in adults. When these requirements are met,SLT can achieve outcomes equivalent to those achieved with other types of liver transplantation for adults. However,substantial challenges,such as surgical techniques,logistics,and ethics,persist as ongoing barriers to further expansion of this highly complex procedure. This review outlines the current state of SLT in adults,focusing on donor and recipient selection based on physiology,surgical techniques,surgical outcomes,and ethical issues.
基金supported by the University of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN)Doctoral Scholarshipsupported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)South Africa(S&F-DSI/NRF Free Standing Postdoctoral Fellowship(120784)supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)South Africa Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers(119903).
文摘Many methods have been proposed in the literature for solving the split variational inequality problem.Most of these methods either require that this problem is transformed into an equivalent variational inequality problem in a product space,or that the underlying operators are co-coercive.However,it has been discovered that such product space transformation may cause some potential difficulties during implementation and its approach may not fully exploit the attractive splitting nature of the split variational inequality problem.On the other hand,the co-coercive assumption of the underlying operators would preclude the potential applications of these methods.To avoid these setbacks,we propose two new relaxed inertial methods for solving the split variational inequality problem without any product space transformation,and for which the underlying operators are freed from the restrictive co-coercive assumption.The methods proposed,involve projections onto half-spaces only,and originate from an explicit discretization of a dynamical system,which combines both the inertial and relaxation techniques in order to achieve high convergence speed.Moreover,the sequence generated by these methods is shown to converge strongly to a minimum-norm solution of the problem in real Hilbert spaces.Furthermore,numerical implementations and comparisons are given to support our theoretical findings.
基金Foundation item:Key Project of Natural Seien6e Foundation of China(No:50434020 and NO:50274044)Key Project of Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No:Z20031:02)
文摘To control land surface subsidence caused the underground mineral exploitation and the catastrophic phenomena such as serious damage of buildings, waterbodies, cultivated lands, railways, bridges caused by land subsidence, bed separation grouting technology of overburden is put forward. To provide theoretical support for the technology, the characteristics and the mechanics mechanism of mining overburden from layer-split to formation of bed separation are studied. On the basis of elastic sheet board theory, calculation formula of rock sheet deflection is presented, and the mechanics criteria of the separation formation and the calculation formula of bed separation volume are set up. Finally, the applications and technics of bed separation grout technology of mining overburden to control land subsidence in china are introduced.
文摘目的:比较不同术式联合Toric IOL植入术治疗硬核年龄相关性白内障的疗效。方法:回顾性研究。选取2020-01/2021-12我院确诊为硬核年龄相关性白内障患者104例104眼,按照不同手术方式分为超声乳化组52眼采用超声乳化术联合Toric IOL植入术,小切口组52眼采用小切口水平空间劈核术联合Toric IOL植入术。比较两组患者手术前后最佳矫正远视力(BCDVA)、角膜散光、角膜内皮细胞数量和正常六边形细胞比例、泪膜功能及并发症情况。结果:术前和术后3mo两组患者BCDVA(LogMAR)比较均无差异(均P>0.05);术后1wk,小切口组患者BCDVA(LogMAR)优于超声乳化组(0.15±0.04 vs 0.20±0.05,P<0.001)。两组患者各组内术后1wk,3mo角膜散光均低于术前,术后3mo低于术后1wk(均P<0.05),而两组间手术前后角膜散光比较均无差异(均P>0.05)。术后1wk、3mo,小切口组患者角膜内皮细胞数量高于超声乳化组(术后1wk:2363.8±315.3 vs 2231.4±326.4cells/mm2,P<0.05;术后3mo:2414.6±245.7 vs 2322.9±221.0cells/mm2,P<0.05)。术前、术后1wk两组角膜正常六边形细胞比例比较均无差异(均P>0.05);术后3mo,小切口组正常六边形细胞比例高于超声乳化组(21.77%±1.91%vs 20.59%±1.65%,P<0.001)。术前、术后3mo时两组BUT和OSDI评分的比较无差异(P>0.05);术后1wk小切口组患者BUT长于超声乳化组(6.8±0.8 vs 5.9±1.0s,P<0.001),OSDI评分低于超声乳化组(17.62±5.47 vs 20.34±6.18分,P<0.05)。小切口组术后并发症发生率低于超声乳化组(3.9%vs 17.3%,P<0.05)。结论:小切口水平空间劈核术联合Toric IOL植入术可明显改善硬核年龄相关性白内障患者视力及散光,对角膜内皮和泪膜功能损伤轻微。
