The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical product...The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical production is of great significance in reducing global carbon consumption.This study describes the current state of research in biomass metallurgy in recent years and analyzes the concept and scientific principles of biomass metallurgy.The fundamentals of biomass pretreatment technology and biomass metallurgy technology were discussed,and the industrial application framework of biomass metallurgy was proposed.Furthermore,the economic and social advantages of biomass metallurgy were analyzed to serve as a reference for the advancement of fundamental theory and industrial application of biomass metallurgy.展开更多
To obtain the semi-solid slurry with uniform and fine structure morphology that satisfies the requirement of rheocasting process, a new process for preparing semi-solid AI alloy slurry was developed, in which local ch...To obtain the semi-solid slurry with uniform and fine structure morphology that satisfies the requirement of rheocasting process, a new process for preparing semi-solid AI alloy slurry was developed, in which local chilling was combined with low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring （LSPSEMS）. The morphology and the size of primary a-AI in the A356 alloy slurry prepared with the new process, i.e., LSPSEMS with local chilling, were investigated using MIAPS image analyzing software, and the grain refinement mechanism was discussed. The results indicate that the semi-solid primary phase consists of particle-like or globular-like a-AI, and the morphology and grain size of primary a-AI in the slurry can be markedly improved by the new process. The fine primary a-AI distributes uniformly in the slurry, which satisfies the requirement of rheocasting. Compared with the alloy prepared by LSPSEMS, the average equal-area-circle grain diameter of primary a-AI in semi-solid A356 alloy ingot prepared by the new process is decreased from 85.6μm to 68.8 μm at the central area, 112.6 μm to 77.6 μm at the transition area and is 84.7 μm in the edge area, respectively. The corresponding shape factor of primary a-AI is increased from 0.78 to 0.83, 0.54 to 0.77 and 0.28 to 0.59, respectively. In addition, the pouring temperature could be suitably raised from 620-630℃ of the traditional process to 650℃ using this technique, which is convenient for practical operation. The mechanism of grain refinement, in the new process, is that the local chilling quickens up the temperature decrease in the center of the melt. The nuclei could not grow up in a short time so the finer grains are formed in the melt.展开更多
A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling indust...A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and techn...In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and technologies, low degree of specialization, and unstable product quality. The review of Furukawa Electric’s development milestones reveals that Chinese copper processing industry has reached a stage in which it must rely on technological research and development (R & D) to promote sustainable productivity. Chinese copper processing firms have to invest in R & D to promote sustainable technological innovations and to improve the precisions of business practice in order to ensure the firms’ improvement.展开更多
随着机器人流程自动化(Robotic Process Automation,RPA)的发展势头越来越猛烈,高校为满足企业对RPA人才的需求纷纷开设相关课程。如何为高职院校提供一种尊重学生差异的RPA新技术课程教学方式,是当前亟须解决的问题之一。通过分析生源...随着机器人流程自动化(Robotic Process Automation,RPA)的发展势头越来越猛烈,高校为满足企业对RPA人才的需求纷纷开设相关课程。如何为高职院校提供一种尊重学生差异的RPA新技术课程教学方式,是当前亟须解决的问题之一。通过分析生源特点、学生需求以及RPA课程目前在高职院校的开设情况,提出基于RPA新技术课程的分层教学模式。并在RPA课堂中探索实践该教学模式的可行性,阐述分层确立教学目标、建立分层教学资源、分层教学实施和分层教学评价的全过程。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51704216)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing(Nos.41620025,41620026,and 41621009)+1 种基金the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of University of ScienceTechnology Beijing(Fundamental Research Funds f or the Central Universities)(No.FRF-IDRY-20-014)。
文摘The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels,and its carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year.Replacing coal with renewable,carbon-neutral biomass for metallurgical production is of great significance in reducing global carbon consumption.This study describes the current state of research in biomass metallurgy in recent years and analyzes the concept and scientific principles of biomass metallurgy.The fundamentals of biomass pretreatment technology and biomass metallurgy technology were discussed,and the industrial application framework of biomass metallurgy was proposed.Furthermore,the economic and social advantages of biomass metallurgy were analyzed to serve as a reference for the advancement of fundamental theory and industrial application of biomass metallurgy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50374012,51144009)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.0650047)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.GJJ09229)the Science Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.jxxjzd10003)
文摘To obtain the semi-solid slurry with uniform and fine structure morphology that satisfies the requirement of rheocasting process, a new process for preparing semi-solid AI alloy slurry was developed, in which local chilling was combined with low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring （LSPSEMS）. The morphology and the size of primary a-AI in the A356 alloy slurry prepared with the new process, i.e., LSPSEMS with local chilling, were investigated using MIAPS image analyzing software, and the grain refinement mechanism was discussed. The results indicate that the semi-solid primary phase consists of particle-like or globular-like a-AI, and the morphology and grain size of primary a-AI in the slurry can be markedly improved by the new process. The fine primary a-AI distributes uniformly in the slurry, which satisfies the requirement of rheocasting. Compared with the alloy prepared by LSPSEMS, the average equal-area-circle grain diameter of primary a-AI in semi-solid A356 alloy ingot prepared by the new process is decreased from 85.6μm to 68.8 μm at the central area, 112.6 μm to 77.6 μm at the transition area and is 84.7 μm in the edge area, respectively. The corresponding shape factor of primary a-AI is increased from 0.78 to 0.83, 0.54 to 0.77 and 0.28 to 0.59, respectively. In addition, the pouring temperature could be suitably raised from 620-630℃ of the traditional process to 650℃ using this technique, which is convenient for practical operation. The mechanism of grain refinement, in the new process, is that the local chilling quickens up the temperature decrease in the center of the melt. The nuclei could not grow up in a short time so the finer grains are formed in the melt.
文摘A rice mill survey covering diverse rice processing companies in terms of their milling output, type of technology and year of establishment was conducted to understand the current situation of the rice milling industry and to identify enablers and barriers to its growth in Nepal. Coarse rice varieties dominate Nepal’s rice processing industry, with a 42% share by total weight, followed by medium rice (34%) and fine varieties (less than 7%). Polished white rice (<em>Arwa</em>) was the dominant rice type in Nepal in the survey, followed by parboiled and steamed rice. The price and profit margins increased from coarse to fine rice varieties and from <em>Arwa</em> to parboiled and steamed rice. The cost of milling also followed a similar trend. The rice milling industry in Nepal largely influences the adoption or non-adoption of any specific type of rice variety by dictating specific brands in the market and this has important implications for rice research and development. The rice processing industry of Nepal was unable to compete with the Indian rice milling industry because of: 1) low profit margins due to the high cost of rice production and procurement, 2) a lack of economies of scale, 3) a lack of milling technologies for long and extra-long and steamed rice in the country and a lack of investment to modernize rice milling technology, and 4) unavailability of paddy throughout the year locally. Millers were willing to upgrade their rice milling technology to include high throughput parboiling, steamed rice as well as long and extra-long grain rice. This will be a strategic decision in counteracting the ever-increasing rice imports in Nepal. We believe that the findings of the study will be vital for formulating an appropriate rice research, development and rice processing strategy for Nepal to achieve food and nutritional security and the Sustainable Development Goals.
文摘In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and technologies, low degree of specialization, and unstable product quality. The review of Furukawa Electric’s development milestones reveals that Chinese copper processing industry has reached a stage in which it must rely on technological research and development (R & D) to promote sustainable productivity. Chinese copper processing firms have to invest in R & D to promote sustainable technological innovations and to improve the precisions of business practice in order to ensure the firms’ improvement.
文摘随着机器人流程自动化(Robotic Process Automation,RPA)的发展势头越来越猛烈,高校为满足企业对RPA人才的需求纷纷开设相关课程。如何为高职院校提供一种尊重学生差异的RPA新技术课程教学方式,是当前亟须解决的问题之一。通过分析生源特点、学生需求以及RPA课程目前在高职院校的开设情况,提出基于RPA新技术课程的分层教学模式。并在RPA课堂中探索实践该教学模式的可行性,阐述分层确立教学目标、建立分层教学资源、分层教学实施和分层教学评价的全过程。
