为了发展基于扩展型“Sen”变压器(Extended Sen Transformer,EST)的潮流计算理论与方法,从简化EST潮流模型的角度出发,提出了一种适用于统一迭代潮流计算的EST模型。首先,根据EST的工作原理,将串、并联侧绕组等效为电压源与阻抗串联组...为了发展基于扩展型“Sen”变压器(Extended Sen Transformer,EST)的潮流计算理论与方法,从简化EST潮流模型的角度出发,提出了一种适用于统一迭代潮流计算的EST模型。首先,根据EST的工作原理,将串、并联侧绕组等效为电压源与阻抗串联组成的支路,进而把EST简化为一种双电压源型等效电路。然后,基于统一迭代法的解算思想,并结合EST的电压调节、相角调节和功率调节运行模式,建立了EST的稳态潮流模型。最后,借助Matlab软件,算例分析在一个修改的IEEE6机30节点系统中展开。通过比较所提模型与软件仿真所得系统节点电压幅值和相角,二者之间偏差在合理范围内,验证了所提模型的有效性。展开更多
In a power system, power generation and load have frequency response characteristics, which randomly fluctuate with changes in operating status. This study investigates a probabilistic power flow method that considers...In a power system, power generation and load have frequency response characteristics, which randomly fluctuate with changes in operating status. This study investigates a probabilistic power flow method that considers the unit and load uncertainty of the static frequency characteristic. Firstly, a calculation model is established on the basis of the characteristics of the frequency modulation performance of the unit and load. Then a calculation method is developed using the concept of dynamic power flow in order to determine the probability distribution of the active power flow of each line under the occurrence of a fault in the system. In the method, Monte Carlo sampling with the semi-invariant method is applied for analysis and calculation. The IEEE-30-buses system is taken as an example to analyze the impact of different responses of units on the power flow distribution of various branches. The method discussed herein is compared with the Monte Carlo simulation method to verify its effectiveness.展开更多
In this paper, the statistical averaging method and the new statistical averaging methods have been used to solve the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems. These methods have been applied to form a single...In this paper, the statistical averaging method and the new statistical averaging methods have been used to solve the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems. These methods have been applied to form a single objective function from the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems. At first, a numerical example of solving fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problem has been provided to validate the maximum risk reduction by the proposed method. The proposed method has been applied to assess the risk of damage due to natural calamities like flood, cyclone, sidor, and storms at the coastal areas in Bangladesh. The proposed method of solving the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems by the statistical method has been compared with the Chandra Sen’s method. The numerical results show that the proposed method maximizes the risk reduction capacity better than Chandra Sen’s method.展开更多
水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(in...水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST),使用多种高精度的遥感、再分析数据等产品,对2001—2020年张承地区的水源涵养功能进行定量化评价及驱动因素分析。研究发现,2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布上呈现坝下高坝上低的特点,各年水源涵养功能的空间分布存在差异性的同时也具有一定的相似性。时间变化上,20年间水源涵养深度以-0.08 mm/a的平均速率呈下降波动趋势。结合Sen+Mann-Kendall分析发现区内水源涵养功能变化趋势以“基本不变”、“轻微增长”、“轻微降低”三者为主,总占比近98%。区内降水量对水源涵养功能具有很强的显著正相关关系,气温对水源涵养功能在部分地区具有显著负相关关系,植被与水源涵养功能的关系相对复杂。张承地区2020年林地的水源涵养功能最强,水源涵养深度达28.64 mm,总量而言,草地水源涵养功能的贡献最大,水源涵养量达1.12×10^(9)m^(3)。20年间变化中,耕地水源涵养量的降低最为明显,变化速率达-6.49×10^(6)m^(3)/a。上述结果说明张承地区20年间水源涵养功能的时空特征主要受到降水量与植被型土地利用的控制。研究为张承地区生态建设及水资源管理提供重要的决策依据。展开更多
文摘为了发展基于扩展型“Sen”变压器(Extended Sen Transformer,EST)的潮流计算理论与方法,从简化EST潮流模型的角度出发,提出了一种适用于统一迭代潮流计算的EST模型。首先,根据EST的工作原理,将串、并联侧绕组等效为电压源与阻抗串联组成的支路,进而把EST简化为一种双电压源型等效电路。然后,基于统一迭代法的解算思想,并结合EST的电压调节、相角调节和功率调节运行模式,建立了EST的稳态潮流模型。最后,借助Matlab软件,算例分析在一个修改的IEEE6机30节点系统中展开。通过比较所提模型与软件仿真所得系统节点电压幅值和相角,二者之间偏差在合理范围内,验证了所提模型的有效性。
基金Supported by the State Grid Scientific and Technological Project (Title: Research on Control Strategy with Fast Demand Response to Severe Power Shortage, SGJS0000DKJS1700263)
文摘In a power system, power generation and load have frequency response characteristics, which randomly fluctuate with changes in operating status. This study investigates a probabilistic power flow method that considers the unit and load uncertainty of the static frequency characteristic. Firstly, a calculation model is established on the basis of the characteristics of the frequency modulation performance of the unit and load. Then a calculation method is developed using the concept of dynamic power flow in order to determine the probability distribution of the active power flow of each line under the occurrence of a fault in the system. In the method, Monte Carlo sampling with the semi-invariant method is applied for analysis and calculation. The IEEE-30-buses system is taken as an example to analyze the impact of different responses of units on the power flow distribution of various branches. The method discussed herein is compared with the Monte Carlo simulation method to verify its effectiveness.
文摘In this paper, the statistical averaging method and the new statistical averaging methods have been used to solve the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems. These methods have been applied to form a single objective function from the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems. At first, a numerical example of solving fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problem has been provided to validate the maximum risk reduction by the proposed method. The proposed method has been applied to assess the risk of damage due to natural calamities like flood, cyclone, sidor, and storms at the coastal areas in Bangladesh. The proposed method of solving the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems by the statistical method has been compared with the Chandra Sen’s method. The numerical results show that the proposed method maximizes the risk reduction capacity better than Chandra Sen’s method.
文摘水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST),使用多种高精度的遥感、再分析数据等产品,对2001—2020年张承地区的水源涵养功能进行定量化评价及驱动因素分析。研究发现,2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布上呈现坝下高坝上低的特点,各年水源涵养功能的空间分布存在差异性的同时也具有一定的相似性。时间变化上,20年间水源涵养深度以-0.08 mm/a的平均速率呈下降波动趋势。结合Sen+Mann-Kendall分析发现区内水源涵养功能变化趋势以“基本不变”、“轻微增长”、“轻微降低”三者为主,总占比近98%。区内降水量对水源涵养功能具有很强的显著正相关关系,气温对水源涵养功能在部分地区具有显著负相关关系,植被与水源涵养功能的关系相对复杂。张承地区2020年林地的水源涵养功能最强,水源涵养深度达28.64 mm,总量而言,草地水源涵养功能的贡献最大,水源涵养量达1.12×10^(9)m^(3)。20年间变化中,耕地水源涵养量的降低最为明显,变化速率达-6.49×10^(6)m^(3)/a。上述结果说明张承地区20年间水源涵养功能的时空特征主要受到降水量与植被型土地利用的控制。研究为张承地区生态建设及水资源管理提供重要的决策依据。
