Magmatic Evolution and Mineralization of Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposits in the Duolong Ore Concentration Area, Tibet

The Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt is located between the Qiangtang Block and Lhasa Block, and the Duolong ore concentration area is located in the western section of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt. Till now, several large and super large copper-gold deposits, such as Duobuza, Bolong, Dibaonamugang, Naruo and Rongna deposits have been discovered in this area, mainly porphyry copper-gold ones.

色那金矿石英二长闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征及其对成矿背景的约束

色那金矿是西藏多龙矿集区内发现的一个浅成低温热液型金矿点，其成岩成矿时代一直缺乏精确的年代学约束。对该金矿石英二长闪长岩进行了LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb定年、主-微量元素分析和Sr—Nd同位素组成研究，首次获得了多龙矿集区色那金矿赋矿岩石的成岩时代。石英二长闪长岩LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄为（122．0±1．8）Ma，代表岩浆的结晶年龄。石英二长闪长岩具低硅（57．26％～58．88％）、高铝（16．58％～17．50％）、富镁（2．65％～2．98％）特征，铝饱和指数（A／CNK）为0．93～1．09，富集轻稀土元素（LREE／HREE-6．28～7．25），8Eu为0．85～1．05，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、U、La、Sr、Sm，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等，相对于原始地幔具高Sr[（^87Sr／^86Sr）i=0．705023～0．705453]、低Nd[eNd（t）=-0．18～2．43]的同位素组成和古老的Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄（TDM2=0．78～1．03Ga），属于偏铝质-过铝质岛弧型花岗岩。多龙矿集区色那金矿早白垩世末岩浆活动与成矿作用很可能是班公湖一怒江洋向北俯冲诱发洋壳物质部分熔融，并有少量俯冲沉积物（3．1％～5．1％）和幔源岩浆参与部分熔融混合形成母岩浆，再经一定程度的分异结晶作用和接触交代作用而形成。

西藏多龙矿集区色那铜金矿地质特征、侵入岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

色那铜金矿是多龙矿集区内新近发现的又一个具有巨大找矿潜力的斑岩型矿床。在详细野外地质调查的基础上对区内与成矿具有密切关系的石英闪长玢岩体进行了岩石地球化学特征研究。结果表明区内斑岩为准铝质—过铝质岩类,高钾钙碱性—钙碱性系列,属于I型花岗岩类。稀土元素配分曲线显示为以富集轻稀土为特征的右倾型,且轻稀土分馏明显,而重稀土分馏不显著;δEu=0.89～1.05,显示无明显Eu异常,表明斜长石的结晶分异作用不明显;δCe介于0.84～1.51之间,平均值为1.08,无明显Ce异常。微量元素总体富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、La、Sr、Sm,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等,显示出岛弧岩浆特征,微量元素构造环境判别显示其形成于岛弧环境。结合区域构造背景演化,表明色那铜金矿床可能形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋北向俯冲阶段。

西藏色那铜金矿床侵入岩元素地球化学特征研究

多龙矿集区是中国第一个世界级超级铜矿矿集区,探获的铜金属量已超过2 000万吨;色那铜金矿床是继多不杂、波龙、铁格隆南、拿若等超大型矿床后,多龙矿集区内发现的又一具有大型前景的矿床.探讨色那铜金矿床侵入岩的元素地球化学特征,分析成岩成矿构造背景,有助于其矿床成因及成矿机制的认识.选择矿区内相关侵入岩样品,测试其化学成分.研究表明,色那铜金矿区分布着两套侵入岩,一套为中钾强钙碱性花岗闪长岩类,相对富集Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Sr、Zr等元素,相对亏损Rb、Ta、Nb、Hf等元素;另一套为高钾中钙碱性闪长岩类,相对富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、La、Sr、Sm等元素,相对亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Hf等元素.由闪长岩类→花岗闪长岩类,样品的δCe表现为由弱负异常→弱正异常,这是因为地幔底辟作用引发地壳部分重熔形成长英质岩浆的过程中,逐步消弱了结晶分异导致的负铈异常,并随其比例和强度增大而形成正铈异常.色那铜金矿区侵入岩在成岩成矿过程中,具熔浆性质的幔源含矿流体与地壳深部重熔岩浆是两个性质不同且相互独立的物质体系;二者混合后共同运移并随岩浆结晶成岩过程和环境物化条件的变化而参与成矿.

Two series of copper-gold deposits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area (MLYRA) and the hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and lead isotopes of their ore-forming hydrothermal systems

Based on studies on the geological characteristics of the copper-gold deposits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area (MLYRA) and their hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and lead isotope compositions, it is concluded that there existed two series of copper-gold deposits. They are evolutional products of two ore-forming hydrothermal systems in different geodynamic settings and geological era. Series I is stratiform or stratabound copper-gold deposits. These deposits were formed by submarine exhalation and sedimentation of hydrothermal solutions in Her-cynian tensional tectonic environment after bot brine ascending along contemporaneous faults and exhaled into the sea-floor. Series II consists of copper-gold deposits related to medium and acidic magmatic intrusions. Their mineralizations took place in Yanshanian in a tensional or a transitional period to the tensional tectonic environment from the composite of the tethys tectonic regime and the Paleo-Pacific ocean tectonic regime, as well as in the upper mantle doming and crustal thinning environment. Copper-gold deposits were formed from the hydrothermal fluids, mixtures of magmatic water and part of meteoric water, by complex water-rock interactions and coupling dynamic processes of transport-chemical reactions. Superposition is an important condition for the formation of the large-scale copper-gold ore deposits.

西藏改则县色那铜金矿床地质特征及成因

色那铜金矿床是多龙矿集区重要组成矿床之一。本文在系统分析其矿床地质特征、矿体特征、矿石特征及围岩蚀变等特征,通过野外调研及室内岩相学与矿相学分析,将色那铜金矿的形成划分为石英-多金属硫化物阶段、碳酸盐-黄铁矿阶段和表生成矿阶段三个成矿阶段。同时分析了色那铜金矿床的围岩蚀变特征,认为色那铜金矿床不具备典型斑岩型矿床的以岩体为中心的中心式面型蚀变特征,通过与区内典型斑岩型铜金矿床和斑岩-高硫化浅成低温热液型矿床地质特征进行对比,推测色那铜金矿床的矿床成因类型为斑岩-高硫化浅成低温热液型矿床。根据矿体产出地质条件,认为具有绢云母化和青磐岩化的早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩与色哇组长石石英砂岩是重要找矿标志。