Efficacy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic biliary radiofrequency ablation in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage(PTCD)and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic nasobiliary drainage are the most common clinical procedures for jaundice control in patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice,yet the safety and effect of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation(EB-RFA)combined PTCD is rarely reported,in this article,we report our experience of EB-RFA combined PTCD in such patients.AIM To retrospectively study the efficacy and safety of EB-RFA combined PTCD in patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice.METHODS Patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice treated with EB-RFA under PTCD were selected,the bile ducts of the right posterior lobe was selected as the target bile ducts in all cases.The general conditions of all patients,preoperative tumour markers,total bilirubin(TBIL),direct bilirubin(DBIL),albumin(ALB),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and glutamyl transferase(GGT)before and on the 7th day after the procedure,as well as perioperative complications,stent patency time and patient survival were recorded.RESULTS All patients successfully completed the operation,TBIL and DBIL decreased significantly in all patients at the 7th postoperative day(P=0.009 and 0.006,respectively);the values of ALB,ALP and GGT also decreased compared with the preoperative period,but the difference was not statistically significant.Perioperative biliary bleeding occurred in 2 patients,which was improved after transfusion of blood and other conservative treatments,pancreatitis appeared in 1 patient after the operation,no serious complication and death happened after operation.Except for 3 patients with loss of visits,the stent patency rate of the remaining 14 patients was 100%71%and 29%at the 1^(st),3^(rd),and 6^(th)postoperative months respectively,with a median survival of 4 months.CONCLUSION EB-RFA under PTCD in patients with unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice has a satisfactory therapeutic effect and high safety,which is worthy of further clinical practice.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage vs percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage in the management of malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Malignant obstructive jaundice(MOJ)is a condition characterized by varying degrees of bile duct stenosis and obstruction,accompanied by the progressive development of malignant tumors,leading to high morbidity and mortality rates.Currently,the two most commonly employed methods for its management are percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage(PTBD)and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD).While both methods have demonstrated favorable outcomes,additional research needs to be performed to determine their relative efficacy.To compare the therapeutic effectiveness of EUS-BD and PTBD in treating MOJ.METHODS This retrospective analysis,conducted between September 2015 and April 2023 at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou),involved 68 patients with MOJ.The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical procedure received:EUS-BD subgroup(n=33)and PTBD subgroup(n=35).Variables such as general data,preoperative and postoperative indices,blood routine,liver function indices,myocardial function indices,operative success rate,clinical effectiveness,and complication rate were analyzed and compared between the subgroups.RESULTS In the EUS-BD subgroup,hospital stay duration,bile drainage volume,effective catheter time,and clinical effect-iveness rate were superior to those in the PTBD subgroup,although the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The puncture time for the EUS-BD subgroup was shorter than that for the PTBD subgroup(P<0.05).Postoperative blood routine,liver function index,and myocardial function index in the EUS-BD subgroup were significantly lower than those in the PTBD subgroup(P<0.05).Additionally,the complication rate in the EUS-BD subgroup was lower than in the PTBD subgroup(P<0.05).CONCLUSION EUS-BD may reduce the number of punctures,improve liver and myocardial functions,alleviate traumatic stress,and decrease complication rates in MOJ treatment.

Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on malignant obstructive jaundice:A meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effect of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) on obstructive jaundice resulting from malignant tumors. METHODS: According to the requirements of Cochrane systematic review, studies in the English language were retrieved from MEDLINE and Embase databases from 1995 to 2009 with the key word "preoperative biliary drainage". Two reviewers independently screened the eligible studies, evaluated their academic level and extracted the data from the eligible studies confirmed by cross-checking. Data about patients with and without PBD after resection of malignant tumors were processed for meta-analysis using the Stata 9.2 software, including postoperative mortality, incidence of postoperative pancreatic and bile leakage, abdominal abscess, delayed gastric emptying and incision infection.RESULTS: Fourteen retrospective cohort studies involving 1826 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice accorded with our inclusion criteria, and were included in meta-analysis. Their baseline characteristics were comparable in all the studies. No significant difference was found in combined risk ratio (RR) of postoperative mortality and incidence of pancreatic and bile leakage, abdominal abscess, delayed gastric emptying between patients with and without PBD. However, the combined RR for the incidence of postoperative incision infection was improved better in patients with PBD than in those without PBD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PBD cannot significantly reduce the post-operative mortality and complications of malignant obstructive jaundice, and therefore should not be used as a preoperative routine procedure for malignant obstructive jaundice.

Biliary stent combined with iodine-125 seed strand implantation in malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Malignant obstructive jaundice is mainly caused by cholangiocarcinoma.Only a few patients are indicated for surgical resection,and the 3-year survival rate is<50%.For patients who are not eligible for surgery,biliary stent placement can relieve biliary obstruction and improve liver function and quality of life.However,restenosis after biliary stents has a poor prognosis and is a clinical challenge.Biliary stent combined with iodine-125(125I)seed implantation can prolong stent patency and improve survival.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of biliary stent combined with 125I seed strand implantation in malignant obstructive jaundice.METHODS We enrolled 67 patients between January 2016 and June 2018 with malignant obstructive jaundice and randomized them into a biliary stent combined with 125I seed strand treatment(combined)group(n=32)and biliary stent(control)group(n=35).All patients underwent enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and were tested for biochemical and cancer markers.Twelve patients underwent pathological examination before surgery.All patients were followed up by telephone or clinical visit.Postoperative liver function improvement,postoperative complications,stent patency time,and survival time were compared between the two groups.Prognostic risk factors were evaluated.RESULTS Technical success was achieved in all patients in both groups.Postoperative liver function improved significantly in all patients(total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly in all patients,the P values were less than 0.05).There was no significant difference in preoperative or postoperative indexes between the two groups for changes in total bilirubin(P=0.147),direct bilirubin(P=0.448),alanine aminotransferase(P=0.120),and aspartate aminotransferase(P=0.387)between the two groups.The median stent patency time of the combined group was 9.0±1.4 mo[95%confidence interval(CI):6.3-11.8 mo],which was significantly longer than the that of the control group(6.0±0.3 mo,95%CI:5.5-6.5 mo,P=0.000).The median survival time of the combined group was 11.0±1.4 mo(95%CI:8.2-13.7 mo),which was significantly longer than that of the control group(7.0±0.3 mo,95%CI:6.4-7.6 mo,P=0.000).Location of obstruction and number of stents were independent risk factors affecting prognosis.CONCLUSION Biliary stent combined with 125I seed strand implantation is safe and effective in malignant obstructive jaundice and improves stent patency time and median survival time.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage with a Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent for Malignant Obstructive Jaundice

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) with a nitinol fully covered self-expandable metal stent in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails. Methods: From January 2016 January 2018, all patients with malignant obstructive jaundice during hospitalization underwent EUS-guided biliary drainage with a nitinol fully covered self-expandable metal stent, and the operation success rate, the clinical success rate, complications, length of hospital stay and survival time were observed. Results: Of 36 patients, 34 cases had successful operation;the operation success rate was 94.44% (34/36). The clinical success rate was 88.89% (32/36). Hemobilia occurred in 1, acute cholangitis in 1, and bile peritonitis in 1;improved after conservative treatment, the complication rate is 8.33% (3/36). Hospital stay and survival time was 21.54 ± 4.73 days and 220.54 ± 54.76 days, respectively. Conclusion: EUS-BD with a nitinol fully covered self-expandable metal stent may be a feasible and effective treatment option in patients with malignant biliary obstruction when ERCP fails.

Endoscopic stenting for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To analyze through meta-analyses the benefits of two types of stents in the inoperable malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials(RCT) was conducted, with the last update on March 2015, using EMBASE, CINAHL(EBSCO), MEDLINE, LILACS/CENTRAL(BVS), SCOPUS, CAPES(Brazil), and gray literature. Information of the selected studies was extracted in sight of six outcomes: primarily regarding dysfunction, complication and reintervention rates; and secondarily costs, survival, and patency time. The data about characteristics of trial participants, inclusion and exclusion criteria and types of stents were also extracted. The bias was mainly assessed through the JADAD scale. This meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database by the number CRD42014015078. The analysis of the absolute risk of the outcomes was performed using the software Rev Man, by computing risk differences(RD) of dichotomous variables and mean differences(MD) of continuous variables. Data on RD and MD for each primary outcome were calculated using the MantelHaenszel test and inconsistency was qualified and reported in χ2 and the Higgins method(I2). Sensitivity analysis was performed when heterogeneity was higher than 50%, a subsequent assay was done and other findings were compiled. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of weighted arithmetic means regarding secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Initial searching identified 3660 studies; 3539 were excluded through title, repetition, and/or abstract, while 121 studies were fully assessed and were excluded mainly because they did not compare self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) and plastic stents(PS), leading to thirteen RCT selected, with 13 articles and 1133 subjects meta-analyzed. The mean age was 69.5 years old, that were affected mostly by bile duct(proximal) and pancreatic tumors(distal). The preferred SEMS diameter used was the 10 mm(30 Fr) and the preferred PS diameter used was 10 Fr. In the metaanalysis, SEMS had lower overall stent dysfunction compared to PS(21.6% vs 46.8%, P < 0.00001) and fewer re-interventions(21.6% vs 56.6%, P < 0.00001), with no difference in complications(13.7% vs 15.9%, P = 0.16). In the secondary analysis, the mean survival rate was higher in the SEMS group(182 d vs 150 d, P < 0.0001), with a higher patency period(250 d vs 124 d, P < 0.0001) and a lower cost per patient(4193.98 vs 4728.65 Euros, P < 0.0985).CONCLUSION: SEMS are associated with lower stent dysfunction, lower re-intervention rates, better survival, and higher patency time. Complications and costs showed no difference.

Effectiveness of a new approach to minimally invasive surgery in palliative treatment of patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction

BACKGROUND Palliative endoscopic biliary drainage is the primary treatment option for the management of patients with jaundice which results from distal malignant biliary obstruction(DMBO).In this group of patients,decompression of the bile duct(BD)allows for pain reduction,symptom relief,chemotherapy administration,improved quality of life,and increased survival rate.To reduce the unfavorable effects of BD decompression,minimally invasive surgical techniques require continuous improvement.AIM To develop a technique for internal-external biliary-jejunal drainage(IEBJD)and assess its effectiveness in comparison to other minimally invasive procedures in the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed,which included 134 patients with DMBO who underwent palliative BD decompression.Biliary-jejunal drainage was developed to divert bile from the BD directly into the initial loops of the small intestine to prevent duodeno-biliary reflux.IEBJD was carried out using percutaneous transhepatic access.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD),endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting(ERBS),and internal-external transpapillary biliary drainage (IETBD) were used for the treatment of studypatients. Endpoints of the study were the clinical success of the procedure, the frequency andnature of complications, and the cumulative survival rate.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the frequency of minor complications between the studygroups. Significant complications occurred in 5 (17.2%) patients in the IEBJD group, in 16 (64.0%)in the ERBS group, in 9 (47.4%) in the IETBD group, and in 12 (17.4%) in the PTBD group.Cholangitis was the most common severe complication. In the IEBJD group, the course ofcholangitis was characterized by a delayed onset and shorter duration as compared to other studygroups. The cumulative survival rate of patients who underwent IEBJD was 2.6 times higher incomparison to those of the PTBD and IETBD groups and 20% higher in comparison to that of theERBS group.CONCLUSIONIEBJD has advantages over other minimally invasive BD decompression techniques and can berecommended for the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.

Cholangioscopy-assisted guidewire placement in a malignant biliary stricture: A case report

BACKGROUND Cholangioscopy has been described in case reports and series to facilitate guidewire placement in difficult benign biliary strictures.Specifically,it has been infrequently used in difficult benign anastomotic liver transplant biliary strictures to visualize the stricture orifice for guidewire placement.Here we describe a case of guidewire placement through a difficult malignant biliary stricture using single operator cholangioscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old female presented with jaundice and weight loss.Endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)by other endoscopists demonstrated pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a dilated cystic duct(CD)and proximal common bile duct(CBD).The associated distal CBD stricture was dilated and stented with a plastic stent.However she subsequently developed cholangitis,prompting referral for a repeat ERCP.The stent was found to have migrated distally to the confluence of the dilated CD and CBD stricture.Despite using multiple hydrophilic guidewires,the stricture could not be traversed due to preferential wire passage into the dilated CD.SpyGlass DS(Boston Scientific Corp,Marlborough,MA,United States)was then used to visualize the orifices of the CD and CBD stenosis,enabling the guidewire to be placed directly through the stricture into the proximal CBD.A WallFlex covered metal stent(Boston Scientific Corp,Marlborough,MA,United States)was successfully placed,resulting in resolution of her cholangitis.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is one of the first cases to describe successful cholangioscopic guidewire placement for malignant biliary strictures.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: The road is open for almighty biliopancreatic endoscopists!

Commentary on the article written and published by Peng et al,investigating the role of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided biliary drainage for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography(ERCP).For 40 years endoscopic biliary drainage was synonymous with ERCP,and EUS was used mainly for diagnostic purposes.The advent of therapeutic EUS has revolutionized the field,especially with the development of a novel device such as electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents.Complete biliopancreatic endoscopists with both skills in ERCP and in interven-tional EUS,would be ideally suited to ensure patients the best drainage technique according to each individual situation.

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影胆管支架置入术对老年恶性梗阻性黄疸患者免疫炎性反应及肝功能的影响

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)胆管支架置入术治疗老年恶心梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者临床疗效及可能作用机制。方法收集2020年7月至2022年6月在我院接受胆管支架置入术治疗的老年MOJ患者102例临床资料,根据胆管支架置入方式分为ERCP组(54例)与PTCD组(48例),比较两组手术成功率与临床疗效、细胞免疫功能、炎性因子、肝功能、不良反应等指标。结果ERCP组低位梗阻患者手术成功率、临床疗效高于PTCD组(χ^(2)=4.193,4.877,P<0.05);CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于PTCD组,CD8^(+)低于PTCD组(P<0.05);血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)低于PTCD组(P<0.05);血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)低于PTCD组(P<0.05);导管堵塞等并发症7.41%低于PTCD组22.92%(χ^(2)=4.873,P<0.05)。结论ERCP胆管支架置入能够提高手术治疗效果,减少并发症的发生,可能与调节细胞免疫功能、抑制炎症反应、改善肝功能等因素有关。

胆道支架联合125I粒子条植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者胆道支架植入联合125I粒子条内放射治疗预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年1月在江苏省肿瘤医院接受胆道支架植入联合125I粒子条内放射治疗的52例MOJ患者临床资料。记录手术前后淋巴免疫细胞数差值(ΔX)。采用X-tile软件计算ΔX最优截断值,并将其分为两组。采用单因素和多因素分析确定影响患者总生存期(OS)的危险因素。结果 52例患者生存时间为(201.0±32.1) d。单因素分析结果显示,术后TACE治疗、术前ALT、术前AST、Δ淋巴细胞、ΔCD3+T细胞、ΔCD8+T细胞、Δ自然杀伤细胞(NK)、Δ调节性T细胞(Treg)与OS显著相关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,Δ淋巴细胞(P=0.007)、ΔTreg(P=0.038)是OS独立危险因素。结论 MOJ患者Δ淋巴细胞≥0.237或ΔTreg≥0.21接受胆道支架植入联合125I粒子条内放射治疗,可能获得更长OS。

PTBD联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者疗效研究

目的观察采用经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(PTBD)联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的疗效。方法2019年9月~2022年9月我院诊治的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者100例(其中胆管细胞癌42例、胰头癌35例、胆囊癌23例),被随机分为对照组50例和观察组50例,分别采用单纯的PTBD治疗或在PTBD治疗的基础上,联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗。使用PUZS-600A型全自动生化分析仪检测血生化指标。结果在治疗2周后,观察组体质指数、血钠、血钾和血清白蛋白水平分别为(20.3±2.2)kg/m^(2)、(144.8±14.6)mmol/L、(4.6±0.5)mmol/L和(35.2±4.2)g/L,显著高于对照组[分别为(16.9±1.8)kg/m^(2)、(138.2±10.7)mmol/L、(4.3±0.4)mmol/L和(30.1±4.9)g/L,P<0.05];观察组血清TBIL、AST、ALT和GGT水平分别为(142.5±34.5)μmol/L、(42.7±18.6)U/L、(45.9±12.9)U/L和(215.2±74.3)U/L,显著低于对照组[分别为(172.3±36.8)μmol/L、(58.4±14.4)U/L、(62.35±17.8)U/L和(271.9±62.1)U/L,P<0.05];术后,观察组出现5例胆汁外渗、8例置管部位疼痛、1例腹泻、1例胆汁性腹膜炎,对照组出现6例胆汁外渗、11例置管部位疼痛、3例胆汁性腹膜炎,两组并发症发生率无显著性统计学差异(30.0%对40.0%,P>0.05)。结论采用PTBD联合体外辅助胆汁入肠治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者有利于短期改善营养状况和肝功能指标,作为姑息治疗,值得临床应用。

恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后出院准备度现状及其影响因素

目的分析恶性梗阻性黄疸患者实施经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术后出院准备度情况,探究此类患者出院准备度的影响因素。方法选择2020年9月—2023年4月于天津市人民医院消化内科接受经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术的80例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,选择院内系统对入组患者的性别、年龄等资料进行统计,并使用出院准备度量表评估患者出院准备度,应用出院指导质量量表评估患者出院指导质量,选择Pearson相关性分析的措施对影响患者出院准备度和出院指导质量的关联进行分析,并分析患者出院准备度影响因素。结果合并慢性疾病以及居住方式方面,不同亚组患者间出院准备度得分比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示出院准备度量表各维度得分与出院指导质量得分呈正相关(均P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,居住方式得分为出院准备度量表得分的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术恶性梗阻性黄疸患者出院准备度得分较低,通过改变患者居住方式、提高患者出院指导质量,将有助于提高患者出院准备度。

ERBD与PTBD在肝门胆管癌术前减黄中的应用比较

目的:探讨肝门胆管癌梗阻性黄疸术前减黄使用内镜逆行胆道引流术(ERBD)与经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTBD)的效果。方法:收集上海市徐汇区中心医院在2021年1月—2023年12月确诊为肝门胆管癌并行术前减黄治疗的低位恶性梗阻性黄疸患者158例,依据术前减黄方案不同划分为两个组别,即ERBD组,患者78例,接受内镜逆行胆道引流术;PTBD组,患者80例,接受经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术。比较两组手术成功率;比较两组疗效有效率(引流成功率);比较术前术后血清学指标[谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)]水平;比较术后并发症情况。结果:ERBD组与PTBD组的手术成功率、疗效有效率(引流成功率)、术后并发症总发生率比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组血清GGT、ALT、ALP、AST水平术后均较术前下降(P<0.05);但两组术后血清GGT、ALT、ALP、AST水平比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。ERBD组术后疼痛发生率较PTBD组低,术后胆道感染发生率较PTBD组高(P<0.05)。结论:肝门部胆管癌梗阻性黄疸患者术前采取ERBD、PTBD减黄治疗在手术成功率、减黄效果上比较无差异,但术后胆道感染与疼痛各有优势,可依据患者具体情况、胆道解剖结构等综合考虑,选择最为合适的胆道引流技术。

经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术引流管置入胆道对恶性梗阻性黄疸患者肝功能及近期预后的影响研究

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTBD)引流管置入胆道对恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者肝功能及近期预后的影响。方法选取2021年1—12月于上饶东信第五医院肝胆胰外科就诊的60例MOJ患者作为研究对象,根据不同治疗方式分为PTBD组(n=33)与对照组(n=27)。PTBD组给予PTBD介入治疗,对照组给予常规开腹引流。比较两组肝功能指标[天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)]、细胞免疫水平[CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)]、临床疗效、术后并发症发生情况及随访不良预后情况。结果术后7 d,两组血清AST、ALT、TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平均低于术前,且PTBD组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7 d,PTBD组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于术前、对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)手术前后比较差异无统计学意义。PTBD组治疗总有效率为90.91%,高于对照组的66.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症及不良预后发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论PTBD引流管置入胆道临床疗效显著,可明显恢复MOJ患者肝功能,改善患者免疫水平,改善近期预后。

PTCD与ERCP治疗对不可手术切除的高位恶性梗阻性黄疸患者肝功能及预后生存期的影响观察

目的比较经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)与经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗对不可手术切除的高位恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者肝功能及预后生存期的影响。方法选取2021年5月~2023年3月辽宁省金秋医院联合辽宁省人民医院收治的MOJ患者90例,按照治疗方式不同,将采用PTCD治疗的47例患者作为PTCD组,将采用ERCP治疗的43例患者作为ERCP组。比较两组患者术后2周的临床疗效、手术相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量、胆汁引流量和术后住院时间)、肝功能[总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷胺酰转肽酶(GGT)]以及术后1年的并发症、预后生存期。结果PTCD组临床总有效率为93.62%,高于ERCP组的79.07%(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量和胆汁引流量比较,均无明显差异(P>0.05);PTCD组术后住院时间长于ERCP组(P<0.05)。术后2周,PTCD组TBIL、DBIL、AST、ALP和GGT水平分别为(87.12±10.03)μmol/L、(83.58±9.63)μmol/L、(78.06±8.51)U/L、(286.43±26.65)U/L和(195.77±18.46)U/L,均低于ERCP组的(99.23±10.89)μmol/L、(100.29±11.47)μmol/L、(89.96±9.27)U/L、(327.65±29.78)U/L和(219.56±20.37)U/L(P<0.05)。两组气胸、出血、胰腺炎和胆道感染等并发症总发生率比较,无明显差异(P>0.05)。PTCD组术后1年生存率(80.85%)高于ERCP组(65.12%)(P<0.05)。结论相较ERCP,PTCD治疗高位MOJ的疗效更佳,能有效改善患者肝功能,并发症发生率更低,且预后更好,但术后恢复过程相对略慢。

胆道腔内放射治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的 研究胆道腔内放射治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的可行性并初步探讨其疗效。方法 4例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者放置胆道支架后接受胆道腔内放射治疗。结果 4例患者均未出现并发症 ,1例完成CT随访的患者瘤体缩小。结论 初步观察表明胆道腔内放射可安全有效地控制恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的肿瘤生长。

延续性护理模式在经皮肝穿刺胆道引流患者的应用

目的探讨延续性护理服务在恶性梗阻性黄疸行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(PTCD)治疗患者中的临床应用效果。方法 120例恶性梗阻性黄疸行PTCD治疗患者入组,60例为对照组给予常规出院指导和健康宣教,观察组60例除常规出院宣教外,责任护士对患者予延续性护理即出院后继续予以跟踪服务,指导其伤口的观察与换药、引流液的量色质观察、PTCD管护理知识和并发症的处理、饮食和休息等,并建立延续性护理档案。结果两组患者随访3个月,观察组患者PTCD带管相关知识知晓率明显高于对照组;患者伤口感染率、PTCD管脱出、堵塞、管道相关再次住院率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论延续性护理能明显提高患者PTCD带管相关知识知晓率,降低胆道感染、PTCD管堵塞或脱出、伤口感染、管道相关入院率,提高生活质量。

^(125)I粒子条联合胆道支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸22例疗效分析

目的研究和探讨125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效。方法2011年6月—2013年9月收治恶性梗阻性黄疸患者40例。行胆道支架植入术治疗患者18例,为对照组;采用125I粒子条联合胆道支架植入患者22例,为观察组。两组均采用经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(PTCD)并胆道支架植入。结果观察组与对照组的平均胆道开通时间分别为(8.7±0.7)和(6.2±0.4)个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组术后平均生存时间分别为(11.4±0.8)和(8.7±0.5)个月,生存时间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后近期疗效及并发症两组之间的比较无明显差异(P>0.05),但是远期疗效有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论与对照组相比,观察组的术后生存时间及胆道开通时间明显延长,对于125I粒子条联合支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸值得进一步临床研究。

恶性梗阻性黄疸的微创法引流

目的 探讨微创法经皮肝穿胆道引流术 (PTBD)治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸有效方法。资料与方法 对 14 5例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者分别行微创法PTBD ,所有患者均行CT、MRI或B超等影像学及血液生化检查诊断为恶性梗阻性黄疸。男 88例 ,女 5 7例 ,平均年龄 5 8.3± 11 .7岁。PTBD穿刺成功率为 10 0 %。 131例在电视透视下穿刺右肝管 ,其中右前支 12 5例 ,右后支 6例 ;14例在B超引导下穿刺肝管 (其中 12例左肝管外支 ,2例右后支肝管 )。结果 88例行右支内外引流 ,4 1例行单纯外引流 (其中 39例行右支外引流 ,2例行左支外引流 ) ,8例行联合右支内外引流及左支外引流 ,8例行左支内外引流 ;外引流患者中 35例经 1～ 2周外引流后 ,再成功转为内外引流。另 6例持续带管行外引流。置入引流后较术前血清总胆红素下降明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,患者全身状况改善 ,血清谷丙转氨酶下降具有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,外引流组与内外引流组术前、术后胆红素下降也具显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并且两组之间术前具有可比性 (P >0 .0 5 )。并发症发生率为 6 .9% ,包括胆道感染 6例 ,胆汁外漏 3例 ,胆汁瘤 1例 ,经治疗后症状消失。结论 微创法PTBD具有独到优点 ,疗效可靠 ,单纯外引流和内外引流术具有同样减轻黄疸效果 。