Discussion on Administrative Law protection for Pension Rights and Interests of the Lost Only-Child Elderly in China

Lacking of shelter and care from their children, Chinese lost only-child elderly are impoverished and their mental state compared to older people in general are more fragile and sensitive. They have even united themselves for self-help, while their efforts have been often unhelpful. Their scale has been increasingly expanding and risen to many serious social problems. Appearance of lost only-child old man people and vulnerability of protection for those elderly is mainly due to the faultiness of Birth Control Policy, lack of government finance and imperfect social security system. Chinese government should establish a mechanism to increase and maintain the value of administrative compensations, strengthen administrative pay and protection of administrative contracts, broaden administrative relief channels for the elderly, and effectively protect the pension interests of the lost only-child elderly.

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Revision of Trade Union Law: For Better Protection of Workers' Rights and Interests

On October 27, 2001, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted a decision on revision of the People's Republic of China Trade Union Law. Guan Huai, legal advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, had the following to say in an interview with the Human Rights:

数据产权刑法保护模式的构建

数据产权是一种具有财产权属性的新型权利,该权利与虚拟财产权和知识产权具有明显差异。数据产权属于刑法保护的公法益范畴,其应归属于市场经济秩序法益之中。现行刑法有关财产犯罪、知识产权犯罪和数据犯罪的规定均无法实现对数据产权的全面保护。刑法对数据产权的保护应以促进数据流通为主要目标,且应当覆盖数据处理的各流程阶段。对侵犯数据产权行为进行刑法规制时,应对“未经同意”获取数据行为审慎入罪。应增设妨害数据流通管理秩序罪,对“情节严重的”妨害数据流通管理秩序行为予以刑法规制。

民行交叉视域下居住权与抵押权的权利冲突与协调

为尽可能避免居住权对抵押权实现的不利影响,部分不动产登记机构、住房公积金管理中心等通过行政规范性文件规定居住权的设立前置条件及其消极法律后果。这类规则既缺乏上位法依据,亦难与既有民法体系兼容,甚至已僭越了行政权合理介入物权的权力半径,不具备增设限制性条款的可行性。考虑到抵押权人及行政机关的风险防范与特殊利益,居住权与抵押权的权利冲突与协调应回归民法的私益对抗范畴,排除与民法规范相悖的绝对限制性规则,允许当事人在相对限制的界限内自主分配各自所应承担的风险并在一定条件下赋予抵押权人防御性救济权,减少抵押权人对居住权的抵触心理。为了发挥当事人之约定应有的对抗性效力,需辅之以不动产登记中心的特殊约定记载义务与风险提示义务,完善住房公积金管理中心、银行等机构的事前风险预警机制,从根本上消解居住权与抵押权的权利冲突状态。

智力残疾人权益保障:现状、困境与法律对策

智力残疾人是存在认知能力和适应能力障碍的特殊群体,其法律权益保障不容忽视。现阶段我国智力残疾人权益保障已基本形成规范体系,存在倡导性保障、默示性保障以及特定情境下的特殊保护三种规范类型,但在具体实施中仍面临不少挑战。其中,有三大问题较突出,即尚缺少针对智力残疾人特殊性的保障规范、残疾证办理困难以及特殊保护保障缺乏可操作性等问题。为此,宜以我国现行《行政处罚法》新增的有关智力残疾人免于以及从轻或者减轻行政处罚的条款为契机,加强智力残疾人权益特殊保护;优化执法程序、完善法律援助,为智力残疾人增添执法与司法中的人性化保障;提升智力残疾人服务体系与无障碍设施建设,为落实智力残疾人权益保障提供便利。

渔民渔业权益保护问题研究——以提升水产品出口竞争力为目标

近年来,中国渔业经历了迅速发展,但背后也暴露出一些问题,尤其是渔民渔业权益的保护和水产品出口竞争力的提升。渔民权益受侵害的现象愈发严重,往往缺乏有效的救济和补偿,主因是缺乏明确的法律法规来保障渔民的合法权益。渔民权益的保护与水产品出口竞争力之间存在密切联系,互有促进作用。文章从经济法的视角探讨渔民渔业权益保护与水产品出口竞争力的关系,提出经济法保护渔民渔业权益的利益机制体系,在此基础上从四个方面提出渔民渔业权益保护的经济主体法律制度完善的建议,以期为立法实践提供参考。

Safeguard Rights and Interests of Women in Accordance with the Law——the Five-Year Anniversary of the Implementation of the Law of the PRC on the Protection of Righ Is and Interests of Women

ON April 3, 1992, the Law of the PRC on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women (Protection Law), the first basic law for protecting rights and interests of women and promoting equality between men and women in China, was adopted at the fifth session of the Seventh National People’s Congress (NPC), and entered into force on October 1 of the same year.

互联网视域下消费者权益的法律保护

网络消费者权益保护是中国法治协调方式中较为薄弱的一环。由于当今互联网的全面崛起,以电子商务为主要载体的消费方式为消费者参与市场经济提供了更为便捷的路径。相较于传统的消费方式,电商购物选择性更强、交互性更广、自由度更高。这种交易方式利于市场经济活动,却也引发了系列监管治理问题。本文对目前网络消费者权益保护面临的不足之处进行分析,并提出如何通过法律来规制网购侵权行为的建议。

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

Respect and Protection:A Review of the Implementation of the Law of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

JIANG Zemin, President of the People’s Republic of China, once said: "Respecting women and protecting women is an important sign of social progress. It should become a civilized society’s legal provision and moral concept." On October 1, 1992 the Law of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women was put into effect, which was considered a major accomplishment for China and Chinese women. More than two years have passed since the implementation of the law. How well has the law

Publicizing the Law of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

More than 50,000 women in Qianxi County have learned about the law.

涉外法治视野下行政诉讼中确认权利或受法律保护利益之诉的制度来源与实务分析

确认权利或受法律保护利益之诉是澳门特别行政区《行政诉讼法典》赋予私人的重要司法保护手段之一,是行政诉讼有效司法保护原则的一种体现,本文从历史来源角度对该诉进行相对完整的梳理,并细致分析了现行制度在澳门特别行政区司法实务上所出现的问题以及观点。了解澳门特别行政区《行政诉讼法典》中的确认权利或受法律保护利益之诉对于理解大陆法系传统下的行政诉讼体系理论思考方向有良好的裨益,对该制度的研究也可以为我国行政诉讼立法的理论与实践思考提供一些有用的参照。

企业数据权益的竞争法保护

企业数据的价值属性日益突出,但企业数据权益保护的统一规则尚未在立法层面予以明确.在企业数据权益保护方面,竞争法有着相对明确的规则,在企业数据权益纠纷的司法实务中具有较强的可操作性,并具备理论和现实层面的适用合理性.竞争法保护模式拥有独特的优势,但为了实现保护效果的最大化,有必要对竞争法保护所存在的困境作出回应.

中国式现代化下消费欺诈的认定标准——基于功能主义视角的分析

《消费者权益保护法》未对消费欺诈进行明确界定,导致司法实践认定混乱,基于其独特的立法背景和目的,应当在功能主义视角下分析消费欺诈的认定标准。扩大消费欺诈惩罚范围和增强消费欺诈惩罚力度的双重功能,使消费欺诈区别于民事法律与行政法规中的欺诈,应当适用“两要件说”的认定标准,通过概括加列举的方式,将消费欺诈的认定范围界定清晰。消费欺诈行为的多样性与主观过错的层次性,要求惩罚倍数具有弹性,以达成消费欺诈整体制度的协调统一。

人类辅助生殖技术法律规制边界和限度问题研究

人类辅助生殖技术的发展给不孕不育夫妻带去希望的同时,也对社会公序良俗和生命伦理产生了一定的影响,对人类辅助生殖技术的讨论离不开对人工胚胎的法律规制以及对生育权益的法律保障。因此,基于当前对生育权益的保护现状,在对公主体授权以及生命科技立法时需要遵循比例、不伤害、允许、尊重以及公众参与原则。本文最后从立法例的选择、人类胚胎的法律地位和保护以及对男性生育权益的保护三个方面讨论法律介入人类辅助生殖技术的边界和限度,以期促进人类辅助生殖技术的健康有序发展。

灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的困境及对策研究

伴随着我国经济产业结构的优化升级,人力资源市场催生了灵活就业这种新颖的就业方式,它具有工作方便、灵活且门槛较低等优势。灵活就业拓宽了求职方式,但灵活就业人员劳动权益受到侵犯的现象也随之增加:包括劳动报酬权和平等就业权的无法保障等。然而,目前我国在灵活就业人员劳动权益保障的法律上还有待完善,实践中灵活就业人员一旦遭受劳动权益损害,往往无法顺利通过现有法律途径寻求救济。为此,从灵活就业相关理论概述入手,分析当前灵活就业人员劳动权益受损的现状和原因后,针对灵活就业人员劳动权益保障提出相应建议。

新就业形态的特征、挑战与对策建议

新就业形态是指新经济模式下在雇佣、劳动管理、劳动报酬获取方式和劳动关系认定等方面与传统标准相异的一种就业形态,具有就业方式灵活化、组织方式平台化、工作任务自主化、主体身份多重化等特征。新就业形态对于提高劳动力资源配置效率、扩大就业总量和规模、改变就业市场结构、保障和维护基本民生具有重要的作用和意义。同时,新就业形态对我国现有劳动法规体系、公共就业服务体系、就业管理和监管以及社会发展等提出了严峻的挑战。为此,需要进一步健全劳动法规范体系,完善公共就业服务体系,加强对新就业形态的管理和监管,促进新就业形态健康有序发展。

数字民生权益的法治保障研究

数字信息技术的发展是实现人民对美好生活向往的重要途径。在数字技术高速发展并全面参与社会生活的当代,现代民生再一次具有了新的发展含义,“数字民生权益”的概念也随之出现,呈现出“数字+民生+法治”的复合型特征,并具有独特的功能和价值。近些年来,我国在数字民生建设领域取得了一系列显著的成就,但是在数字民生权益保障方面仍然存在着基础性立法薄弱、政务服务供给和司法保障建设不足、无法满足民生诉求的困境。探究其原因既要认识到制度设计、治理理念等内在因素,也要考虑到科技进步、技术局限等外在因素。针对这些问题,必须发挥法治的功能和作用,做好立法层面的顶层规划,加强执法、司法、普法等与民生息息相关领域的法治构建,将数字民生权益保障纳入法治轨道,打造普惠型数字民生体系。

我国现代学徒制运行中学徒权益保护的问题、成因和对策

在现代学徒培养中,学徒的受教育权、人身权益、劳动权益和报酬权益等受到了不同程度的侵害,究其原因则源于员工地位未被认可、各方理解差异明显、权益保护法律滞后。对学徒进行立法保护,需要进一步对《中华人民共和国劳动法》和《中华人民共和国职业教育法》进行修订、建立保障机构及明确相应职责、规范三方协议内容、完善纠纷处理机制和强化法律维权能力,以确保现代学徒的合法权益。