地方感何以可能--兼评段义孚《Space and Place：The Perspectives of Experience》一书

段义孚将经验界定为感觉和思想的复合体,进而聚焦于感觉,以感觉来联结空间和地方。我们认为,段的研究奠基于一套基本理念之上:人们通过身体(body)形成空间感,通过心性(mind)形成地方感,从空间感到地方感,空间与地方被感觉联结成为一个连续体。当下的历史人类学研究同样面临如何处理空间与地方之间的关系,跨越地理学与人类学的学科藩篱,段的研究对历史人类学和感觉人类学来说值得借鉴。

On the Sense of Placein A Place on Earth

Wendell Berry is a well-known contemporary American ecopoet, novelist and essayist. A Place on Earth is one of his series of works about Port William.'Place' and'sense of place' are the most important themes in the novel. Firstly, this essay interprets Berry's conception about ideal'place';secondly, this essay analyses three forms of Berry's'sense of place':the love of land, the environmental consciousness to place and the important role of place.

A structural relationship between place attachment and intention to conserve landscapes–a case study of Harz National Park in Germany

Place attachment is an important motivation for people to spend more time outdoors and to protect landscapes.This study explores visitors' intention to conserve natural landscapes based on the relationship with their place attachment to National Park landscape. Structural equation modelling(SEM) was used to determine the relationship between landscape conservation and place attachment. A survey with a structured questionnaire was administered to visitors to the seven designated hiking courses of Harz National Park in Germany. The path coefficient of 0.77 revealed that place dependence positively and significantly affected place attachment, whereas place identity did not. Place attachment had a significant effect on both affective appraisals and visiting satisfaction. Higher place attachment led to higher emotional reaction to landscapes on site and higher satisfaction of visiting the park. Among the variables, visiting satisfaction, but not affective appraisals, played a statistically significant mediating role between place attachment and conservation intention. With a path coefficient of 0.86, conservation intention was highly affected by visiting satisfaction. These results suggest that the managers of National Parks should focus on increasing visiting satisfaction based on how visitors are emotionally bonded with their visiting places, in order to enhance the intentions to conserve the landscape of the visitors to National Parks.

Communities and the Poetic Imaginary：A Folklore Essay on the Poetry of the Wild Project

Poetry of the Wild is an ongoing artistic and literary project that according to originator Ana Flores＇ conception, invites the public ＂out for a walk＂ to freshly experience their world through word, sound, and image. Inspired by birdhouse design, these unique configurations of ＂poetry boxes＂, combining art and poetry are located in various communal open spaces. Each new project solicits a public response from us all to become catalysts for exploring our environs and questioning how a sense of place informs our consciousness. A folkloristic perspective shapes this discussion about the many variations of this collaborative and public project of poetry boxes, installed on trails, in parks, along rivers, and in library stacks over the past ten years. The primary concerns of folklore interpretation such as tradition, identity, cultural creativity, performance, and narrative analysis, are just a few of the dynamics that can be teased out from investigating a project with such interesting cultural parameters. In this context, cultural sustainability and poetic sensibility deepen our understanding of sense of place, environmental aesthetics, shrine markers, and the scope of individual and communal creative action.

Influences of Risk Perception and Sense of Place on Landslide Disaster Preparedness in Southwestern China

The effects of risk perception and sense of place on disaster preparedness have been widely reported.However, most studies have only demonstrated weak relationships and it is unknown whether these are applicable to China. This study investigated such relationships in hazard-threatened areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in southwestern China. Data were collected from 348 farming households in landslide-prone areas. Binary logistic and Tobit regression models were constructed to determine whether risk perception and sense of place influence landslide preparedness. The results show that:(1)Farming households' awareness of the need to prepare for disasters was relatively low, and disaster preparedness behaviors were mainly based on self-learning. Among the348 sampled households, 67% exhibited no disaster preparedness behavior, and only 2% adopted four of the five types of disaster preparedness behaviors. About a quarter of farming households consciously learned disaster-related knowledge.(2) Risk perception and sense of place had important influences on disaster preparedness. Respondentswho received higher scores on the perception of the probability of a landslide, the threat of a landslide, and the place dependence variables were more likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors.Respondents with higher scores on the perception of controllability in the case of a landslide were less likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors.Additionally, individual and household socioeconomic characteristics—education, loss, distance from hazard site,information acquisition channel, and housing material—were all related to household disaster preparedness behavior. This study contributes to the current literature by improving the understanding of the relationships of risk perception and sense of place to disaster preparedness in farming households threatened by geological disasters in southwestern China.

The Avenue of Sphinxes： Restoration of a Legend

The redevelopment of historic cities is often challenged by intricate--and in many cases contradictory--missions. From one side, there is the urge to comprehensively preserve cultural resources. At the same time, opportunities of economic growth should be made available and needs of contemporary living maintained and nourished. The main aim of this paper is to reconcile probable incompatibilities between such missions through promoting ＂sensitive＂ redevelopment approaches in historic cities. The paper focuses on the city of Luxor, Egypt with its immensely capturing yet quite undermined legend： the Avenue of Sphinxes. In Luxor, the injection of nonintrusive interventions presents itself as a highly potential candidate in protecting and enhancing the experience of the avenue while meeting contemporary needs of living. Adopting less sensitive development approaches can lead the quality of experiencing the whole city to be worsened for the increasing numbers of tourists and locals.

社会感知数据表征下的历史文化街区地方感变迁——以南锣鼓巷(2008—2022年)为例

以北京南锣鼓巷历史文化街区近15年的变迁实践为研究对象,根据2008—2022年社会感知网络数据特征,分析其地方感变化的阶段性差异,以此构建南锣鼓巷地方感变迁的概念模型。首先,建立历史文化街区评价专属词库,基于扎根理论,从专属词库的文本中编码获得地方感的3个维度:地方认知、地方依赖和地方认同,通过对历年高频词主类目占比变化曲线、突现词特点、相关语义网络和南锣鼓巷商业业态占比等数据分析,结合社会生态系统适应性循环理论,提取特征差异明显的4个阶段:2008—2009年的稳定期、2010—2014年的生长期、2015—2018年的重构期以及2019—2022年的调整期。最后从资本的角度对历史文化街区的地方感变迁进行分析,指出经济资本需要综合社会资本与文化资本才能更好地适应发展,在循环中维持动态平衡。

至味在人间:城市烟火气游客体验的探索性研究

烟火气是具有中国文化意蕴的词汇,与中国人的生活息息相关,城市烟火气为城市休闲、游客体验注入了新颖活力,然而,目前烟火气尚未受到学术界的关注,这也成为旅游体验理论可进一步深化研究的关键方向。文章透过烟火气这一滤镜去审视城市游客体验,建构了传统文化意蕴下的烟火气作为城市目的地文化符号的意象和学术内涵,运用深度访谈法获悉游客体验烟火气的过程,基于“认知-情感-行为”体验的框架,构建了城市烟火气游客体验的理论模型,实现了城市旅游体验研究的创新;揭示了烟火气游客体验的过程,丰富了基于游客情感体验的基础性理论;通过发现烟火气感知下的游客“家乡”情结在目的地地方认同形成机理中的关键作用,为城市游客地方感研究的深化作出了理论贡献。此外,该研究也提出了打造烟火气体验消费、创设复合空间等有益的实践启示,以及跨文化情境下烟火气感知差异、美食和民俗活动的关键作用等未来的研究展望。

地理信息呈现对媒介空间的两级建构——基于空间生产的理论视角

在当前的空间研究中,空间已不再是单纯的社会容器,而成为包含社会、地域、文化等在内的多元存在。互联网作为一种典型的空间类目,在技术革新的过程中不仅产生新的空间关系,还规训着人们的社会实践与媒介实践行为。文章从列斐伏尔的空间生产理论视角出发,探析地理信息对电子媒介空间的生产建构,发现IP属地位置的全量显示建构了基于话题讨论的一级媒介空间,同时还催生了基于地理主观感知的二级再现性空间。该空间不是现实地理的简单照搬,而是一种基于社会关系的复杂腾挪,具有勾连人、地理和社会的功能。此时地理位置不仅影响人们对于地方感的认知,而且介入电子空间的两级建构,重塑传播模式。

Influences of Sense of Place on Farming Households' Relocation Willingness in Areas Threatened by Geological Disasters:Evidence from China

Scholars from environmental psychology,geography, disaster science, and sociology have recently focused attention on evacuation and relocation behaviors and influencing factors in hazard-threatened areas. However, existing studies are mainly focused on developed countries and the influence of individual characteristics,household characteristics, and the perception of risk of urban households on evacuation and relocation behaviors.Few studies examine developing countries and the influence of farmers' sense of place in geological hazardthreatened areas. Using statistics of farming households in an area threatened by landslides, this is a pilot study to explore the relationship of sense of place to the relocation willingness of farming households while controlling for other variables. The results show that:(1) Households with higher scores of place identity and place dependence are less willing to relocate, whereas place attachment has no significant relationship to household relocation willingness;(2) Risk perception dimensions, including probability,threat, and controllability have a significant relationship to household relocation willingness, while worry and fear of the unknown have no significant relationship;(3) Household characteristics, including income, whether a household has experienced economic loss from landslides, and social support are significantly correlated with household relocation willingness, while gender, age, experience, distance to hazard sites, size of household, children, older people, and housing material are not. The results for information and education are not robust. This study contributes to the current literature by improving the understanding of the relationship of sense of place to the relocation willingness of farming households in villages threatened by geological disasters in rural China.

基于具身认知的晋中历史古城场所感评价——以忻州秀容古城为例

当下,历史古城符号化的空间生产方式忽略了对人本体验的挖掘,使得空间走向均质化。因此,研究在理论基础上,引入具身认知理论建构建筑知觉场、行为场与运动场,并与场所感建立耦合和理论模型。在案例选取上,以忻州古城为对象对场所感分析。在研究方法上,采用爬虫技术对网评数据采集和词频、语义分析。再结合扎根理论对文本具身要素编码识别,构建场所感评价体系,针对评价提出优化方法,旨在为当前历史古城的研究提供更具可信度的实证方法与实践价值。

居住性历史文化街区声景对地方感的影响研究

居民的地方情感是居住性历史文化街区的重要组成部分,而声景在构建居民与居住地的情感关系方面具有显著优势。文章选取太原市矿机宿舍历史文化街区和南华门历史文化街区作为研究对象,以居民的地方情感与声景感知为中心,将地方感划分为地方依恋和地方认同两个维度进行研究。通过实地测量、问卷调查及统计分析探究声景对居民地方感的影响。研究结果显示:在声景要素方面,传统商业声的偏好度和娱乐活动声的感知频率与地方感及地方依恋呈显著正向关系,而休闲活动声的偏好度与地方认同呈显著正向关系。历史文化街区评价方面,居民对街区历史的了解程度及文化保留程度评价与地方感、地方依恋及地方认同均呈显著正向关系。研究结果为历史文化街区的声景设计提供理论参考,可以为以声景赋能的历史文化街区的保护与更新提供指导。

The Best of Both Worlds——Building Gardens With a Sense of Place

The last decade in China has been a period of great growth and renewal.More and more public garden has been built,many those gardens are built with Western-influenced styles and lack of Chinese factor.A garden with a strong sense of place will clearly put the visitor in a specific locality by astute use of design to support a distinctive regional character.Here the author gives several examples of famous gardens about how to keep the sense of place and try to give some useful suggestion on Chinese garden build.

乡村幼儿园教师地方感的构成要素及生成路径

地方感是人们对特定地方的感知,地方感的培育是乡村幼儿园教师“留得住、教得好、会发展”的重要保障。本研究以“地方感”为主题,对25位乡村幼儿园教师进行深度访谈,运用扎根理论对所得研究资料进行分析。结果显示,乡村幼儿园教师的地方感由情感依恋、文化认同、资源运用、人际互动、活动参与五个要素构成,其中,情感依恋提供联结枢纽,文化认同提供信念支撑,资源运用提供物质基础,人际互动提供驱动力量,活动参与提供实践情境,同时这些要素之间存在着逻辑联系。乡村幼儿园教师的地方感萌发于教师完整的乡土生活,与园所课程紧密相依,并能够反映出乡村的文化样态,其生成是一个具有渗透性、具身性和交互性的过程。基于此,本研究从乡土文化氛围、课程资源建设与社交互动空间三个方面提出乡村幼儿园教师地方感的培育建议。

新时代国家生态形象宣传片的话语分析

国家生态形象宣传片《中国这十年:引领绿色转型》从他者视角讲述了中国近十年的生态环境变化。从生态语言学的角度,借助及物性系统和人际功能系统分析理论,探讨宣传片解说词对塑造和传播新时代国家生态形象所起的作用。宣传片解说词通过构建积极的意义潜势来塑造和传播中国生态形象;解说词的纵向讲述方式客观呈现了中国为改善生态环境所作出的具体行动以及产生的效应,向世界展示了中国近十年来生态环境的改变。对宣传片解说词的过程表征、参与者角色和人际意义的具体分析可以看出宣传片解说词属于生态有益性话语。解说词用文字模态塑造的国家生态形象,对构建国际生态和谐和建设美丽中国具有积极的生态价值和传播意义。

《地方与无地方》:基于人本主义的二元地方观念

《地方与无地方》是加拿大著名人文地理学家爱德华·雷尔夫的代表作,也是人本主义学派奠定研究范式之作。主要从学术脉络、研究架构和当代影响三方面展开:首先讨论人本主义研究范式时代背景,及其与建筑学的关联;然后解析本书多重二元论架构,包括二元对立批判、现象学此在与地方、整全性地方建造;最后评述后续影响与当代性。

铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理论与政策体系探索

从铸牢中华民族共同体意识的历史轨迹来看,其理论与政策体系主要包含促进民族团结、维护国家统一、坚持人民至上等三个方面。因为,从中国化时代化马克思主义民族团结理论演进和我党民族团结政策的百年俱进可以断定,促进民族团结是我党民族理论与政策的最高价值尺度;从我党坚持集权与分权的辩证统一和坚决反对任何分裂国家的行径可以断定,维护国家统一是我党民族理论与政策的基本价值底线;从党的历代领导人的初心和我党民族政策文本的根本遵循可以断定,坚持人民至上是我党民族理论与政策的终极价值依归。

新中国成立前中国共产党对外出版工作经验与启示——从“地方”出发的媒介地理考察

在革命战争年代,利用图书报刊传播党的政治主张,具有灵活性、便利性、长效性等特点,是在全球范围内最大限度争取国际社会支持的重要手段。建党前后,中国共产党的对外出版工作主要采取国内办、海外销和海外办、海外销两种模式。抗日战争和解放战争期间,中国共产党为打破敌人封锁,对外出版的主战场移至海外,对外出版手段更加丰富多样。新中国成立前对外出版工作在有意无意间,较为巧妙地利用地方、空间等媒介地理因素,在对外宣传中实现了“天地人媒”的良好互动与和谐平衡。具体表现为:抢占海内外对外出版地理空间有利条件,提高对外出版的“衢地”效应;借“地方的体温”,唤起海外华人的地方感,发挥乡情、亲情的情感纽带作用等。这些历史经验在当下仍具有重要的时代价值和现实借鉴意义。

基于游客凝视理论和ZMET的历史文化街区共识地图构建研究

目的运用游客凝视理论和ZMET隐喻抽取技术对多渠道获取而来的摄影图像和文本资料进行分析,对哈尔滨市道外区中华巴洛克历史文化街区场所感的结构特征、游客行为和共识地图构建进行研究。结合历史文化街区发展现状与问题,提高城市旅游形象、历史文化遗产保护和空间规划。方法通过ZMET隐喻抽取技术对游客进行访谈,构建研究游客心智模型和共识地图,采用5个阶段的研究方法,包括收集访谈、涉入度分析、ZMET隐喻抽取技术与游客凝视理论结合分析、因子分析和用户认知心理学、分析提炼与探究,最终获取中华巴洛克历史文化街区共识地图和游客场所感认知。结果借助高频构念结构表和共识地图分析得出,物质环境与非物质环境、活动经历相比,游客对中华巴洛克历史文化街区的感知形象不充分,非物质环境印象不足。提升历史文化街区建筑遗产和区域特征时,应重点规划非物质环境和活动经历场所感构成要素。结论通过游客凝视理论与ZMET的拓展研究,为规划者和政府提供参考,提高城市旅游形象,促进城市经济可持续发展。未来打算进一步探索样本访谈方法和相关理论研究,构建全面的共识地图与场所感结构,深化研究结论。

基于“五感”的疗愈景观场所设计研究

为缓解工具理性给人带来的精神压力,缓和生活中的紧张情绪,促进现代人的心理和谐与身体健康恢复,文章将“五感”与“疗愈景观”相结合,利用心理学、美学、生物学等研究,提出了基于“五感”的疗愈景观场所设计原则,提供了以“五感”为视角的疗愈景观场所塑造策略。为疗愈景观场所的塑造总结了新的视角与方法。